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23 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Four classifications of bones
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long, short, flat and irregular
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hematopoiesis
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process of blood cell formation
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long bones
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longer than they are wide, with distinctive ends. Examples are humerous (upper arm), radius and ulna (lower arm), thigh (femur), lower leg (tibia, fibula) and the fingers and the toes (phalanges).
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short bones
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long as they are wide, box-like structure. wrist (carpals), ankle (tarsals).
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flat bones
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broad and thin, having flat and somewhat curved surface. breastbone (sternum), ribs, shoulder blade (scapula), and pelvis.
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irregular bones
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various sizes and shapes and clustered in groups. spinal cord (vertebrae) and face. Seamoid bones are a type.
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sesamoid bones
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unique, irregular bones enbeeded in the tendons and located around a joint like the kneecap.
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diaphysis
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main shaft-like portion of the long bone.
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epiphysis
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located at each end of the long bone where muscle attaches
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epiphyseal line
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Layer of cartiliage that seperates the diaphysis and epiphysis of the bone. In children it can been seen until they grow and it disappears.
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periosteum
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thick, white fibrous membrane that covers the surface of the long bone
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articular cartilage
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thin layer of cartilage that covers the end of the long bones
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compact bone
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hard, outer shell of the bone.
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medullary cavity
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inside bone that contains the yellow marrow in compact bone
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haversian
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small canals in compact bone that contain blood vessels, vessels and nerves. These vessels transport nutrients and oxygen to the bone cells
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Cancellous bone or spongy bone/trabeculae bone
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not as dense as compact bone. needlikelike bony spiclules that give the bone it's spongy appearance
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red bone marrow
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blood cell porduction occurs and is eventually replaces with yellow marrow.
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yellow marrow
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stores fat and is not an active site for blood cell production in an adult
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osteoblasts
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immature bone cells
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ossification
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the conversion of fibrous connective tissue and cartilage into bone or a bony substance
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osteoclasts
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large cells that digest or absorb bony tissue, They help hollow out the central part of the bone by eating away at it.
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resorption
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the process of removing the old bone tissue or destroying it so that its components can be absorbed into the circulation
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osteocytes
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mature bone cells that replace the osteoblasts. They are living cells that continue to maintain the bone without producing new bone tissue
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