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243 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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a
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without/away from
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ad
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toward/near
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ana
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up/backward/ against
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anti
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against
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ab
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away from
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an
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pertaining to, not/without
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ante
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before/forward
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bi
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twice/double
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brady
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slow
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cata
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down/under
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contra-
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against
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dia-
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through, throughout, completely
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dys-
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bad, difficult
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endo-
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something "inside" or "within"
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epi-
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upon, over, above
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hyper-
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something extreme or beyond normal
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hypo-
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below normal
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infra-
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under, beneath, below
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ipsi-
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the same or self
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meta-
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after, behind
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mono-
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single
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multi-
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many
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nulli-
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none
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pan-
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complete or containing everything
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para-
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to bear (offspring)
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peri-
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surrounding or around another
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poly-
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pluarlity of something
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post-
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something after or behind another
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primi-
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prime or first
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pro-
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before another
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retro-
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backward, behind
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sub-
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duner, below
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supra-
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above, excessive
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tachy-
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fast, irregularly
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auto-
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self
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eu-
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true, good, well, new
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inter-
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between, among
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intra-
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within, inside
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trans-
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moving across or through
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hemi-
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one half
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amni/o
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pertaining to membranous fetal sac
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arter/o
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pertaining to artery
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angi/o
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blood vessel
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arteri/o
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pertaining to an artery
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arthr/o
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pertaining to joints, limbs
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ather/o
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fatty
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auricul/o
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pertaining to ear
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bi/o
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life
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blephar/o
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pertaining to eyelid
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bol/o
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lump
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bronch/o
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bronchus
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bronchiol/o
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bronchioles
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calc/o
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calcium
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cardi/o
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heart
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caus/o
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burn
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cec/o
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cecum
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celi/o
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pertaining to abdomen
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cephal/o
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pertaining to the head
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cerebell/o
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pertaining to cerebellum
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cerebr/o
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pertaining to the brain
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chil/o
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lips
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choledoch/o
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common bile duct
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cholecyst/o
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pertaining to gallbladder
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chrom/o
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color
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chondr/o
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cartilage, gristle, granule
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crin/o
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to secrete
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crypt/o
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hidden
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cyst/o
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pertaining to urinary bladder
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cyt/o
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cell
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derm/o
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pertaining to skin
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duct/o
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duct
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encephalo/o
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pertaining to brain
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enter/o
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pertaining to intestine
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epididym/o
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epididymis
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erythr/o
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denotes red color
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gastr/o
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pertaining to stomach
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gnos/o
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to know
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hemat/o
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pertaining to blood
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hem/o
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blood
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hepat/o
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pertaining to liver
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hydr/o
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water
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ichtyh/o
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fish, scaly, dry
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idi/o
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self, one's own
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ile/o
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pertaining to illeum (instestine extends from jejunum to cecum)
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ili/o
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ilium (bone, broad upper portion of hip bone)
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jejun/o
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jejunum
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kal/o
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potassium
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kary/o
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nucleus
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laryng/o
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larynx
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later/o
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lateral
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leuk/o
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denoting white color
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lith/o
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stone, callous
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log/o
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speech
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lord/o
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swayback
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lumb/o
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loins,lower back
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lymph/o
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lymph
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mandibul/o
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mandible
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mediastin/o
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mediastinum- group of structures in thorax surrounded by thin tissue. central component of thoracic cavity
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men/o
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menstruation
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metr/o
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pertaining to condition or instrument of the uterus
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metri/o
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uterus
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muc/o
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mucous
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myel/o
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of or relating to bone marrow
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narc/o
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numb, sleep
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necr/o
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death
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nephr/o
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pertaining to kidney
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neur/o
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pertaining to nerves and nervous system
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olig/o
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having little, having few
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ophthalm/o
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pertaining to eye
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orchi/o
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testis
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oste/o
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bone
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opt/o
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eye vision
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peritone/o
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peritoneum - series membrane that forms lining of abdominal cavity
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perone/o
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back, fibula
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phag/o
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eating, devouring
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pharyng/o
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pertaining to pharynx
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phleb/o
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pertaining to blood veins
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pleur/o
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pertaining to ribs
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pont/o
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the pons
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presby/o
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old age
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prurit/o
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itch
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ren/o
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pertaining to kidney
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rhin/o
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pertaining to nose
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rhytid/
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skin wrinkle
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schirrh/o
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hard, hard tumor
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scler/o
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hardness
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scoli/o
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twisted
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tel/o
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complete, final, perfect, end
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thorac/o
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upper chest, thorax
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thromb/o
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of or relating to blood clot
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thym/o
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thymus gland
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tox/o
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toxin
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trache/o
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trachea
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ur/o
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urine, urinary system, chemistry of
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ureter/o
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ureter
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varic/o
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swollen or twisted vein
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ven/o
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blood, veins
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vertebr/o
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vertebrae
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xanth/o
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yellow
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xer/o
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dry
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-ac
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pertaining to
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-al
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pertaining to
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-algia
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pain
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-ar
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pertaining to
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-blast
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germ or bud
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-centesis
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surgical puncture for aspiration
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-cyesis
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state of pregnancy
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-cyte
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cell
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-derma
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skin
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-dynia
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pain
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-ecstasis
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dilation
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-ectomy
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surgical removal
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-emesis
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vomiting
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-emia
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blood condition
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-gen
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denotes sense of "born in" "from" "of certain kind"
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-genesis
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produces, generates
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-genic
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producing
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-gram
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record or picture
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-graph
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instrument for recording
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-graphy
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process of recording
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-gravida
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pregnancy
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-ia
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state, condition
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-iasis
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abnormal condition
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-ic
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pertaining to
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-ism
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state of
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-ist
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one who specializes in
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-itis
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inflammation
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-logy
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study of
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-megaly
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enlargement
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-oid
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resemblance to
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-oma
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tumor
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-opia
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vision
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-opsy
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view of
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-osis
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condition, disease or increase
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-ous
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pertaining to
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-paresis
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slight paralysis
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-parous
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bringing forth, producing, bearing
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-penia
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deficiency
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-phasia
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speech
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-plasia
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development, growth
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-plasia
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development, growth
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-plasty
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surgical repair, reconstruction
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poiesis-
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production
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-prandial
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pertaining to a meal
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-praxia
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to achieve or to do, perform
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-ptosis
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falling, downward placement
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-ptysis
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spitting, spitting of blood from lung
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-rrhage
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excessive, abnormal flow
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rrhagia-
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rapid flow of blood
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rrhea-
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discharge, flow
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-stomy
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creating of an opening
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-tic
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pertaining to
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-tocia
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labor, childbirth
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-tome
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cutting instrument
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-tomy
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cutting operation
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-um
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structure, indicating metallic object?
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purpura
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movement of blood into the soft tissues, producing bruises
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pruritus
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severe itching
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bronchi
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the tubular passages, also called bronchial tubes, that carry air into the lungs
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retrograde
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diagnostic x-ray where dye is inserted
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cachexia
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a generally weakened, emaciated condition of the body
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congenital
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present at birth
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occlusion
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blockage or closing of blood vessel or hollow organ
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reflux
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a return flow
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anterior
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near to the front, situated at the front of the body closer to forehead
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Kaposi sarcoma
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Form of skin cancer seen in AIDS. Brownish purple papules on skin to organs
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Systole
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cardiac contractions of heartbeat
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Aneurysm
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An excessive localized enlargement of an artery caused by a weakening of the artery wall.
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Emesis
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act of vomiting
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angina
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chest pain
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deglutition
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The action or process of swallowing.
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rhonchi
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(rhonchus) a sound like whistling or snoring that is heard with a stethoscope during expiration as air passes through obstructed channels.
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base
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bottom or lower part of organ
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hilum
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part of an organ where structures such as blood vessels and nerves enter
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stridor
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harsh or squeaky sound in breathing with blocked larynx
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Rales
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type of abnormal lung sound in breathing heard through stethescope
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Vertebrae
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bones that make up spine
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Ventral
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Pertaining to the front or anterior of any structure. The ventral surfaces of the body include the chest, abdomen, shins, palms, and soles. Ventral is as opposed to dorsal.
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Antigen
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foreign agent capable of starting immune response or causing body to produce antibodies
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Ecchymosis
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skin discoloration caused by blood collecting under skin from trauma
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bronchus
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is a passage of airway in the respiratory tract that conducts air into the lungs.
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patent
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open and unblocked, such as a patent airway
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psoriasis
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chronic, recurring skin disease characterized by red, inflamed patches with scales
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antibody
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protein produced by body to neutralize foreign agent
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apex
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tip of summit of organ
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abscess
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swollen inflamed are where pus gathers
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diastolic
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relaxation phase of heartbeat
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Hodgkins disease
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progressive lymphoma usually characterized by swollen lymph nodes, sweating, weight loss
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Infarction
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area of dead or dying tissue produced by lack of blood flow to/from area
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eructation
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belching
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embolus
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mass such as an air bubble, detached blood clot, foreign body that travels through bloodstream to lodge and obstruct blood vessel
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caudal
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Caudal means nearer the sacral region of the spinal column (ie, where the tail is located in lower animals), or, in humans, in an inferior direction
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eczema
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rash characterized by itching, scaling, swelling or oozing. allergic reaction.
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what is a COMBINING VOWEL
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connects roots to suffix and roots to other roots. A, E, I, O, U, and Y
mostly o and i |
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what is a COMBINING FORM
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a bound form used only in compounds; "`hemato-' is a combining form in words like `hematology'"
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what is a ROOT
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e basic element of a word, and it is the foundation on which the meaning of a word is built. Many roots are real words in their own right: graph (a diagram) and term (a fixed time or date), for example. Although these roots can have other elements, they don't need other elements to be complete. Most roots, however, do need other elements. For example, the roots archy (government) and dox (opinion or belief) need to be combined with other word elements, like prefixes, suffixes, or even other roots:
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what is an ADJECTIVE
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describing words
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what is a SUFFIX
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A morpheme added at the end of a word to form a derivative, e.g., -ation, -fy, -ing, -itis.
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what is a PREFIX
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Add (something) at the beginning as a prefix or introductio
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Rules for forming plural words
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1. Sometimes the proper plural of a word ending in is will be formed by dropping the “is” and adding “ides.” For example, “epididymis” becomes “epididymides.”
2. Sometimes the proper plural of a word ending in “us” will be formed by dropping the “us” and adding “era” or “ora.” For example: “viscus” becomes “viscera”; “corpus” becomes “corpora.” 3. Some words ending in “ix “or “ax” have more than one acceptable plural form. For example, the plural of “appendix” can be either “appendices” or “appendixes,” although the most common plural form would utilize the “ices” ending. 4. The proper plural for certain words ending in “ion” can be formed simply by adding an “s.” For example, “chorion” becomes “chorions.“ 5. The plural form of the term “vas” is “vasa.” 6. The plural form of “pons” is “pontes.” 7. The plural form of the dual meaning word “os” is “ora” when referring to “mouths” and “ossa” when referring to “bones.” 8. The plural form of the term “femur” is “femora.” 9. The plural form of “cornu” is “cornua.” 10. The plural form of “paries” is “parietes.” The chart below is designed to provide basic rules of thumb for forming plurals. But remember that there are exceptions to most of these rules. If the Singular Ending Is: Singular Example: The Plural Rule Is: Plural Form: is diagnosis Drop the is and add es diagnoses um ileum- Drop the um and add a ilea us alveolus- Drop the us and add i alveoli a vertebra -Drop the a and add ae vertebrae ix appendix- Drop the ix and add ices appendices ex cortex- Drop the ex and add ices cortices ax thorax- Drop the x and add ces thoraces ma sarcoma- Drop the ma and add ta sarcomata on spermatozoon-Drop the on and add a spermatozoa nx larynx- Drop the x and add ges larynges y deformity- Drop the y and add ies deformities yx calyx- Drop the yx and add yces calyces en foramen-Drop the en and add ina foramina |
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a combining vowel is used when the suffix begins with a consonant
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For ex:, when neur/o (nerve) is joined with the suffix -plasty (surgical repair), the combining vowel "o" is used because -plasty begins with a consonant. Neuroplasty (New-roh-plas-tee) is the surgical repair of a nerve (neur/o nerve, and -plasty means surgical repair
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A combining vowel is not used when the suffix begins with a vowel (a, e, i, o, u).
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For ex: when neur/o (nerve) is joined with the suffix -itis (inflammation), no combining vowel is used because -itis begins with a vowel. Neuritis (new-RYE-itis) is inflammation of a nerve or nerves (neur means nerve, and itis means inflammation)
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a combining vowel is used when two or more word roots are joined
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For ex:, gastroenteritis combines two word roots with a suffix. When gastr/o (stomach) is joined with enter/o (small intestine), the combining vowel is used with gastr/o. A combining vowel is not used with enter/o because it is joining the suffix -itis, which begins with a vowel. Gastroenteritis (gas-troh-en-ter-EYE-tis) is inflammation of the stomach and small intestine (gastr/o means stomach, enter means small intestine, and itis means inflammation.
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