Medical Terminology 18(Final Chapter)

Front 1

afterbirth

Back 1

placenta, the amnion, the chlorion, some amniotic fluid, blood, and blood clots expelled from the uterus after childbirth

Front 2

alpha-fetoprotein

Back 2

protein found in the amniotic fluid, amounts are used to determine fetal defects like spina bifida and ancephaly.

Front 3

amenorrhea

Back 3

absence of menstrual flow

Front 4

amniotic fluid

Back 4

liquid produced by and contained within the fetal membranes during pregnancy. protects the fetus from trauma and temperature variations, maintains oxygen levels, and allows freedom for movement in womb

Front 5

amniotic sac

Back 5

double layered sac that contains the fetus and the amniotic fluid during pregnancy.

Front 6

areola

Back 6

darker pigmented, circular area surrounding the nipple of each breast.

Front 7

ballottement

Back 7

technique using the examiner's finger to tap against the uterus through the vagina, to cause the fetus to bounce back within the amniotic fluid and feeling it rebound quickly.

Front 8

cerclage

Back 8

suturing the cervix to keep it from dilating prematurely during pregnancy.(purse string) removed at the end of pregnancy.

Front 9

cervix

Back 9

part of the uterus that protrudes into the cavity of the vagina; the neck of the uterus.

Front 10

chadwick's sign

Back 10

bluish-violet hue of the cervix and vagina after approximately the sixth week of pregnancy.

Front 11

chloasma

Back 11

patches of tan or brown pigmentation associated with pregnancy occuring mostly on the forehead, cheeks, and nose(mask of pregnancy)

Front 12

chorion

Back 12

outer of the 2 membrane layers that surround and contain the fetus and amniotic fluid during pregnancy.

Front 13

coitus/copulation

Back 13

sexual intercourse

Front 14

colostrum

Back 14

thin, yellowish fluid secreted by the breasts during pregnancy and the first few weeks after birth, before lactation begins.

Front 15

conception

Back 15

union of a male sperm and a female ovum (fertilization)

Front 16

corpus luteum

Back 16

mass of yellowish tissue within the ruptured ovarian follicle after ovulation. functions as temporary endocrine glands for the purpose of secreting estrogen and large amounts of progesterone which will sustain pregnancy, should it occur until the placenta forms.

Front 17

culdocentesis

Back 17

needle aspiration, through the vagina, into the cul-de-sac area (peritoneal cavity immediately behind the vagina)for purpose of removing fluid from the area for examination or diagnosis.

Front 18

dilation (of cervix)

Back 18

enlargement of the diameter of the cervix during labor

Front 19

doppler

Back 19

technique used in ultrasound imaging to monitor the behavior of the moving structure, such as flowing blood and a beating heart.

Front 20

ejaculation

Back 20

sudden emission from the male urethra usually during sexual intercourse or masturbation.

Front 21

embryo

Back 21

product of conception from the 2nd to 8th week of pregnancy.

Front 22

endometrium

Back 22

inner lining of the uterus.

Front 23

episiotomy

Back 23

surgical procedure in which the incision is made into the woman's perineum to enlarge the vaginal opening for delivery of the baby.(shortly before delivery to prevent tearing)

Front 24

estrogen

Back 24

one of the female hormones that promotes the development of the female secondary characteristics.

Front 25

fallopian tubes

Back 25

pair of tubes opening at one end into the uterus and at the other end of the peritoneal cavity

Front 26

fertilization

Back 26

union of a male sperm and a female ovum

Front 27

fetoscope

Back 27

special stethoscope for hearing the fetal heartbeat through the mother's abdomen

Front 28

fetus

Back 28

name given to the developing baby 8 wks after conception until birth.

Front 29

fimbriae

Back 29

fringelike end of the fallopian tube.

Front 30

fundus

Back 30

superior aspect of the uterus

Front 31

gamete

Back 31

mature sperm or ovum

Front 32

gestation

Back 32

term for pregnancy equals approximately 280 dyas from onset of last menstrual period through birth.

Front 33

gestational hypertension

Back 33

complication of pregnancy in which the expectant mother develops high blood pressure after 20 weeks' gestation with no signs of proteinurea or edema

Front 34

glycogen

Back 34

form of sugar that is stored in body cells, primarily the liver.

Front 35

gonads

Back 35

gamete-producing gland, such as an ovary or testis.

Front 36

goodell's sign

Back 36

softening of the uterine cervix, probable sign of pregnancy.

Front 37

graafian follicles

Back 37

mature, fully developed ovarian cyst containing the ripe ovum.

Front 38

gravida

Back 38

woman who is pregnant. (first time) second time: gravida II

Front 39

heger's sign

Back 39

softening of the lower segment of the uterus; probable sign of pregnancy

Front 40

hyperpigmentation

Back 40

increase in the pigmentation of the skin

Front 41

hyperovolemic shock

Back 41

state of extreme physical collapse and exhaustion due to massive blood loss(less than normal) blood volume.

Front 42

labor

Back 42

time and the processes that occur during birth, from the beginning of cervical dilation to the delivery of the placenta.

Front 43

lactation

Back 43

production and secretion of milk form the female breasts as nourishments for the infant.

Front 44

lactiferous ducts

Back 44

channels or narrow tubular structures that carry milk from the lobes of each breast to the nipple.

Front 45

laparoscopy

Back 45

visualization of the abdominal cavity with an instrument called a laparoscope through an incision into the abdominal wall.

Front 46

leukorrhea

Back 46

white discharge from the vagina

Front 47

linea nigra

Back 47

darkening vertical appearing on the abdomen of a pregnant woman, extending from the fundus to the symphysis pubis.

Front 48

lithotomy position

Back 48

position in which the patient lies on her back, buttocks even with the end of the table, with knees bent back toward her abdomen and the heel of each foot resting in an elevated foot rest at the end of the examination table.

Front 49

lordosis

Back 49

forward curvature of the spine, noticeable if the person is observed from the side.

Front 50

lunar month

Back 50

4 weeks or 28 days; approximately the amount of time it takes the moon to revolve around the earth.

Front 51

mammary glands

Back 51

female breasts

Front 52

ovum

Back 52

female reproductive cell; female sex cell or egg

Front 53

multigravida

Back 53

woman who has been pregnant more than once.

Front 54

multipara

Back 54

woman who has given birth 2 or more times after 20 weeks gestation.

Front 55

nagele's rule

Back 55

formula that is used to calculate the date of birth; subtract 3 months from the first day of the last normal menstrual period and add 7 days to the date to arrive on the estimated due date.

Front 56

neonatology

Back 56

branch of medicine that specializes in the treatment and care of the diseases and disorders of the newborn through the first 4 weeks of life.

Front 57

nullipara

Back 57

woman who has never completed a pregnancy beyound 20 weeks gestation.

Front 58

obstetrician

Back 58

physician who specializes in the care of women during pregnancy, the delivery of the baby, and the first 6 weeks following the delivery, known as immediate postpartum period.

Front 59

obstetrics

Back 59

field of medicine that deals with pregnancy, the delivery of the baby, and the first 6 weeks after delivery(postpartum period)

Front 60

ovary

Back 60

one of a pair of female gonads responsible for producing mature ova(eggs)released on monthly intervals (produces female hormones-progesterone and estrogen)

Front 61

para

Back 61

woman who produced an infant regardless of whether the infant is alive or stillborn.(past 20 weeks)

Front 62

parturition

Back 62

act of giving birth

Front 63

perineum

Back 63

area between the vaginal orifice and the anus; consists of muscular and fibrous tissue and serves as support for the pelvic structures.

Front 64

placenta

Back 64

highly vascular, disc-shaped organ that forms in the pregnant uterine wall for exchange of gases and nutrients between the mother and the fetus.

Front 65

pregnancy

Back 65

period of intrauterine development of the fetus from conception through birth.

Front 66

prenatal

Back 66

pertaining to the period of time, during pregnancy, that is before the birth of the baby.

Front 67

primigravada

Back 67

woman who is pregnant for the first time.

Front 68

primipara

Back 68

woman who gave birth for the first time, after a pregnancy of at least 20 weeks gestation.

Front 69

progesterone

Back 69

female hormone secreted by corpus luteum and the placenta. responsible for changes that occur in the endometrium in anticipation of a fertilized ovum for development of the maternal placenta after implantation of a fertilized ovum.

Front 70

proteinuria; albuminuria

Back 70

presence of protein (albumin) in the urine

Front 71

puberty

Back 71

period of life at which the ability to reproduce begins

Front 72

quickening

Back 72

first feeling of movement of the fetus felt by the expectant mother (18-20 weeks)

Front 73

salpingectomy

Back 73

surgical removal of a fallopian tube

Front 74

sexual intercourse

Back 74

sexual union of 2 people of the opposite sex in which the penis is introduced into the vagina

Front 75

signs

Back 75

objective findings as perceived by an examiner, such as the measurement of a fever on the thermometer, the observation of a rash on the skin, or observation of a bluish-violet color of the cervix.

Front 76

sperms

Back 76

mature male germ cell; spermatozoon

Front 77

striae gravidarum

Back 77

stretch marks that occur during pregnancy due to the great amount of stretching that occurs.

Front 78

symptoms

Back 78

subjective indication of a disease or change in condition as perceived by the patient; something experienced or felt by the patient.

Front 79

tachycardia

Back 79

rapid heartbeat, consistently over 100 beats a minute

Front 80

testes

Back 80

paired male gonads that produce sperm. suspended in the scrotal sac in the adult male.

Front 81

transvaginal ultrasonography

Back 81

ultrasound image that is produced by inserting a transvaginal probe into the vagina.

Front 82

trimester

Back 82

one of the 3 periods of approximately 3 months into which pregnancy is divided.

Front 83

ultrasonography

Back 83

noninvasive procedure that involves the use of reflected sound waves to detect the presence of the embryo or fetus.

Front 84

umbilical cord

Back 84

flexible structure connecting the umbilicus(navel) of the fetus with the placenta in teh pregnant uterus.

Front 85

uterus

Back 85

hollow, pear-shaped organ of the female reproductive system that houses the fertilized, implanted ovum as it develops throughout pregnancy; also source of menstrual flow from the nonpregnant uterus.

Front 86

vagina

Back 86

muscular tube that connects the uterus with the vulva. approximately 3 inches in length and rests between the bladder and the rectum.

Front 87

waddling gait

Back 87

manne of walking in which the feet are wide apart and the walk resembles that of a duck.

Front 88

amni/o

Back 88

amnion

Front 89

ante

Back 89

before; in front of

Front 90

culd/o

Back 90

cul-de-sac

Front 91

cyesis

Back 91

pregnancy

Front 92

episi/o

Back 92

vulva

Front 93

fet/o

Back 93

fetus

Front 94

gravida

Back 94

pregnancy

Front 95

hyper

Back 95

excessive; high

Front 96

lact/o

Back 96

milk

Front 97

multi

Back 97

many

Front 98

nat/o

Back 98

birth

Front 99

nulli

Back 99

none

Front 100

para

Back 100

to give birth

Front 101

primi

Back 101

first

Front 102

obstetr/o

Back 102

midwife

Front 103

pelv/i

Back 103

pelvis

Front 104

perine/o

Back 104

perineum

Front 105

salping/o

Back 105

eustachian tubes; fallopian tubes

Front 106

tocia

Back 106

labor

Front 107

vagin/o

Back 107

vagina

Front 108

edema

Back 108

edema, or swelling of the lower extremities is not uncommon in pregnancy, particularly as the pregnancy progresses.

Front 109

pyrosis

Back 109

Heartburn, a burning sensation in the epigastric region of the abdomen.

Front 110

hemoorhoids

Back 110

swollen veins of the rectum and the anus that develop are a result of the increasing pressure on the area due to progressing pregnancy

Front 111

nausea

Back 111

usually occures first trimester (morning sickness)

Front 112

varicose veins

Back 112

twisted, swollen veins that occur as a result of the blood pooling in teh legs, due to the added weight (from the pregnancy) to the lower extremities of the body.

Front 113

abortion

Back 113

termination of pregnancy before the fetus has reached a viable age where it can live outside of the uterine environment.

Front 114

abruptio placenta

Back 114

premature separation of a normally implanted placenta from the uterine wall, after pregnancy has passed 20 weeks gestation or during pregnancy.

Front 115

ectopic pregnancy

Back 115

abnormal implantation of a fertilized ovum outside of the uterine cavity

Front 116

gestational diabetes

Back 116

disorder in which women are not diabetic before pregnancy develop diabetes during pregnancy(inability to metabolize carbohydrates)

Front 117

hydatiform mole/molar pregnancy/hydatid mole

Back 117

abnormal condition that begins as a pregnancy and deviates from normal development very early.

Front 118

hyperemesis gravidarum

Back 118

abnormal condition of pregnancy characterized by severe vomiting that results in maternal dehydration and weight loss.

Front 119

incompetent cervix

Back 119

condition in which the cervical os (opening) dilates before the fetus reaches term, without labor or uterine contractions usually occurring during the second trimester of pregnancy and resulting in spontaneous abortion of the fetus.

Front 120

placenta previa

Back 120

condition of pregnancy in which the placenta is implanted in the lower part of the uterus, and precedes the fetus during the birthing process.

Front 121

eclampsia

Back 121

most severe form of hypertension during pregnancy and is evidenced by the presence of seizures.

Front 122

pre-elcampsia

Back 122

development of hypertension with poreinuria or edema after 20 weeks of gestation.

Front 123

Rh compatability

Back 123

incompatability between the Rh negative mother's blood with the Rh positive baby's blood, causing the mother's body to develop antibodies that will destroy the Rh positive blood.

Front 124

bloody show

Back 124

vaginal discharge that is a mixture of thick mucus and pink or dark brown blood.

Front 125

effacement

Back 125

thinning of the cervix in preparation of childbirth.

Front 126

braxton hicks contractions

Back 126

mild, irregular contractions that occur throughout pregnancy.

Front 127

lightening

Back 127

expectant mother will notice that she can breathe easier because the descent of the baby relieves some of the pressure from the diaphragm.

Front 128

amniocentesis

Back 128

surgical puncture of the amniotic sac for the purpose of removing amniotic fluid.

Front 129

cesarean section

Back 129

surgical procedure in which the abdomen and the uterus are incised and a baby is delivered transabdominally

Front 130

contraction stress test

Back 130

stress test used to evaluate the ability of the fetus to tolerate the stress of labor and delivery (oxycin challenge test)

Front 131

fetal monitoring

Back 131

use of an electronic device to monitor the fetal heart rate and the maternal uterine contractions

Front 132

nipple stimulation test

Back 132

noninvasive technique that produces basically the same results as the contraction stress test by having the pregnant woman stimulate the nipples of her breasts by rubbing them between her fingers

Front 133

pelvic ultrasound

Back 133

noninvasive procedure that uses high-frequency sound waves to examine the abdomen and pelvis.

Front 134

pelvimetry

Back 134

process of measuring the female pelvis, manually or by x-ray, to determine its adequacy for childbearing.

Front 135

pregnancy test

Back 135

test performed on maternal urine and or blood to determine the presence of the hormone, HCG (human chorionic gonadotropin) HCG is detected shortly after the first missed menstrual period.

Front 136

c-section

Back 136

cesearean section

Front 137

HCG

Back 137

human chlorionic gonadotropin (hormone detects pregnancy)

Front 138

LMP

Back 138

last menstrual period

Front 139

OB

Back 139

obstetrics