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610 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
-ectomy
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"excision, removal "
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-tomy
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incision
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-tome
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cutting instrument
|
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-stomy
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form an opening (mouth)
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-centesis
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surgical puncture
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-tripsy
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crushing
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-lysis
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"destruction, separation"
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-clasis
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"to break, surgical fracture"
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-desis
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"fixation, binding "
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-pexy
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fixation (of organs)
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-rrhaphy
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suture
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-plasty
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surgical repair
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colectomy
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"colon (Gk. kolon ""large intestine”) "
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tracheotomy
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"trachea (Gk. trakheia arteria; trakhys ""rough."" arteria ""windpipe“) "
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osteotome
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"Gk. osteon ""bone"" "
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tracheostomy
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see trachea above
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paracentesis
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"Gk. para- ""beside"""
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lithotripsy
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"Gk. lithos ""stone"""
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thrombolysis
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"Gk. thrombos ""clot”"
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osteoclasis
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see osteon above
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pleurodesis
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"pleura, membranes that line the thoracic cavity and cover the lungs (Gk. pleura ""side of the body, rib“) "
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orchiopexy
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"Gk. orkhis ""orchid“, ""testicle“. The plant so called because of the shape of its root. "
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herniorrhaphy
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"hernia, tissue protrusion through an opening in its surrounding walls (L. hernia ""a rupture“) "
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rhinoplasty
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"Gk. rhinos ""nose"" "
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-gram
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"record, writing"
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-graph
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recording instrument
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-graphy
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recording process
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-meter
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measuring instrument
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-metry
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measuring process
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-scope
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examining instrument
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-scopy
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visual examination
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-opsy
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medical examination
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electrocardiogram
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"Gk. elektron ""amber"" substances which, like amber, attract other substances when rubbed "
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ultrasonograph
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"L. ultra- ""beyond”, L. sonus ""sound"" "
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ultrasonography
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see above
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thermometer
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"Gk. thermos ""hot"" "
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calorimetry
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"L. calor ""heat"" "
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microscope
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"micro- (Gk. mikros ""small"") "
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microscopy
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see above
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biopsy
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"Gk. bi- combining form of bios ""life"""
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-genesis
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"origin, creation, generation "
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-gen
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something that produces
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-plasia
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"formation, growth "
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-plasm
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something formed
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-oma
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"tumor (abnormal mass, of tissue) "
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-megaly
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enlargement
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carcinogenesis
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"carcino- (L. cancer ""a crab,"" later, ""malignant tumor,"" from Gk. karkinos)"
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carcinogen
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see above
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dysplasia
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dys- see prefixes
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neoplasm
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"Gk. neo-, combining form of neos ""new,"""
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hematoma
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"Gk. haimato-, combining form of haima “blood” "
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cardiomegaly
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"cardio- Latinized form of Gk. kardia ""heart”"
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-edema
|
swelling
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-cele (also –coele)
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swelling
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-ectasis
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"dilation, expansion"
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-penia
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"decrease, deficiency "
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-malacia
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softening
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-lysis
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"loosening, dissolving, dissolution "
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-trophy
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"nourishment, development "
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-tropic
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responsive to stimuli
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papilledema
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edema of the optic disk (L. papilla “nipple”)
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hydrocele
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"abnormal collection of fluid in any saclike space, especially around the testicles (Gk. hydro- “water”) "
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atelectasis
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"incomplete expansion of the lungs (Gk. ateles ""imperfect, incomplete“) "
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osteopenia
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see previous slide
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osteomalacia
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see previous slide
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epidermolysis
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"Gk. epidermis, from epi ""on"" + derma ""skin"" "
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atrophy
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"wasting away through lack of nourishment (Gk. atrophia ""a wasting away"" a- ""not"" + trophe ""nourishment“) "
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neurotropic
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"Gk. neuro-, combining form of neuron ""nerve"" originally ""sinew, tendon, cord, bowstring"" "
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-osis
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"abnormal condition, increase "
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-iasis
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"abnormal condition, from a specific thing "
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-pathy
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"disease, suffering, feeling "
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-algia
|
pain
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-dynia
|
pain
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-itis
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inflammation
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-rrhage
|
bursting forth of
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-emia
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condition of the blood
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-rrhea
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"discharge, flow "
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-rrhexis
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rupture
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-stenosis
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abnormal narrowing
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-sclerosis
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abnormal hardening
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cyanosis
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"cyan (Gk. kyanos ""dark blue"" )"
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psoriasis
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"Gk. psoriasis ""being itchy"" from psora ""itch"" "
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neuropathy
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see previous slide
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arthralgia
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"Gk. arthron ""joint"" "
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otodynia
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"Gk oto-, combining form of ous, aus ""ear” "
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cystitis
|
"inflammation of the urinary bladder (L. cystis, Gk. kystis ""bladder, pouch“)"
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hemorrhage
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"hemo- comb. form “blood” (L. haemo-, Gk. haimo-, from haima “blood”) "
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azotemia
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"large amounts of nitrogenous waste products in the blood (azote-obsolete name for nitrogen; intended for Gk. azoos, lifeless)"
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diarrhea
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"Gk. dia- ""through” "
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karyorrhexis
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"Gk. karyon ""nut, kernel“ in biological terms, nuclei "
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ureterostenosis
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"ureter-muscular tube conveying urine from a kidney to the bladder (Gk ourein ""urinate"" + -ter noun suffix)"
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arteriosclerosis
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"L. arterio-, comb. form of L. arteria, from Gk. arteria ""windpipe"" as distinct from a vein (L. vena ""a blood vessel“). Originally regarded as air ducts since arteries did not contain blood after death"
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-plegia
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paralysis
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-ptosis
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sagging or prolapse
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-spasm
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involuntary contraction
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-phagia
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"eating, swallowing "
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-phasia
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speech
|
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-phobia
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fear
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-toxic
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poison
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hemiplegia
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"Gk. hemi- ""half"" "
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blepheroptosis
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"blepharo-, combining form of Gk. blepharon ""eyelid"""
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blepherospasm
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see above
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odynophagia
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"Gk. odyno-, combining form meaning ""pain"""
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dysphasia
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"Gk. dys- ""bad, ill, abnormal"" "
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trypanophobia
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"a fear of injections (Gk. trypanon, from trypan ""to bore“) "
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cardiotoxic
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see previous definition
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"-ac, -ic, -tic "
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adjective suffixes meaning pertaining to
|
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"-al, -eal, -ile, -ical ( = ic + al) "
|
adjective suffixes meaning pertaining to
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"-ar, -ary,-ior "
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adjective suffixes meaning pertaining to
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"-ous (also, producing or composed of)"
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adjective suffixes meaning pertaining to
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"a- , an- "
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"without, not "
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"anti-, contra- "
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against (contra-also means opposite)
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ipsi-
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"oneself, the same "
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mal-
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bad
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dys-
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"bad, painful, difficult "
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eu-
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"good, normal "
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"apathy, anesthesia "
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"See earlier Gk. pathos; anesthesia –alternate spelling of anaesthesia , lack of sensation (Gk. anaisthesia , an- + aisthesis ""feeling“) "
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"antiseptic, contralateral "
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"Gk. sepsis ""putrefaction“, from sepein ""cause to rot“; lateral-L. from latus ""side“. Aside:L. latitudo ""breadth, width, extent, size,"" from latus ""wide“, geographical sense also is from late 14 century ""breadth"" of a map of the known world. "
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ipsilateral (pertaining to the same side of the body)
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lateral-see above
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malaise
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"French derivation, malaise ""ill-ease,"" from mal ""bad"" + aise ""ease"" "
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dysrhythmia
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"L. rhythmus ""movement in time,"" Gk. rhythmos ""measured flow or movement” "
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euphoria
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"feeling healthy and comfortable (Gk. euphoros ""bearing well,"" from eu- ""well"" + pherein ""to carry“) "
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pseudo-
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false
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"syn-, sym- (before b, p, ph, or m) "
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"union, join, together "
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tachy-
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rapid
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brady-
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slow
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psuedocyesis
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cyesis (Gk.kyein to be pregnant + -sis )
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"syncope, sympathetic, symptom "
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"syncope-unconsciousness (Gk. syn- ""together, thoroughly"" + koptein ""to cut”); sympathetic-part of the autonomic nervous system (Gk. sympathes “affected by like feelings); symptom-subjective evidence of illness (Gk. symptoma ""a happening, accident, disease”, stem sympiptein ""to befall,"" from syn- ""together"" + piptein ""to fall"") "
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tachypnea
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"Gk. pneo/pnein ""to breathe"" "
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bradycardia
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cardia-L. form of Gk. kardia “heart”
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"homo-, homeo-, iso- "
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"same, alike, equal "
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hetero-
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different
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allo-
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"other, differing from the normal "
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aniso-
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not equal
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"homologous, homeostasis, isotropic "
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"homologous-involving organisms of the same species (Gk. logos ""relation, reasoning“); homeostasis-maintenance of stable physiological conditions (Gk. stasis ""a standing still"" ); isotropic-identical in all directions (tropic-turning in response to a certain stimulus, Gk. tropos ""turn, direction”) "
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heterogeneous
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"different in kind, unlike; Gk. genos ""race, kind” "
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allogeneic
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"genetically different, but from the same species "
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anisotropic
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"see above, not isotropic "
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hyper-
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"excessive, above normal "
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"multi-, poly- "
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"many, much "
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"hemi-, semi- "
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one half
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"mono-, uni- "
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one
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primi-
|
first
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hypertension
|
"abnormally high arterial blood pressure (L. tensionem ""a stretching“) "
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"multiparous, polymorphonuclear "
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"L. parere ""produce, bring forth, give birth to"" "
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"hemiparesis, seminiferous "
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"paralysis of one body side (Gk. paresis ""slackening of strength“); seminiferous-see previous slide "
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"monosomy, unilocular "
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"monosomy-abnormality with absence of a chromosome (Gk. soma ""body""); locular-divided into compartments (L. “compartment”) "
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primigravida
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"L. gravidus “lfull, swollen, pregnant with child” "
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bi-
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two
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"di, diplo- "
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double
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tri-
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three
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quadri-
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four
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bipedal
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"L. pedem ""foot"" "
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"dilate, diploid "
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dilate-see previous slide;
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|
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"Diploid-two similar complements of chromosomes (Gk. diploos ""double"" + eidos ""form“) "
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triceps
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"L. tri “three"" + -ceps comb. form of caput ""head"" "
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quadriceps
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see above
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"pre-, pro- "
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before
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ante-
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"in front, before "
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post-
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"after, behind "
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retro-
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"backward, behind "
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epi-
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"above, upon "
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"infra-, sub- "
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"under, below "
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hypo-
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"deficient, below, under "
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inter-
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between
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"prenatal, prognosis "
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"L. natalis ""pertaining to birth” "
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anterior
|
see suffix -ior
|
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postpartum
|
"L. post partum ""after birth"" "
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retroperitoneum
|
"space between the peritoneum and the posterior abdominal wall (Gk. peritonaion ""abdominal membrane”, peri- ""around"" + teinein ""to stretch“ ) "
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epiglottis
|
"Gk. glotta, variant of glossa ""tongue"" "
|
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"inframaxillary, subdural "
|
"L. maxilla ""upper jaw"" , diminutive of mala ""jaw, cheekbone“; ""tough outer membrane surrounding the central nervous system (L. “hard mother “)"" "
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hypoglycemia
|
"Gk. glykys ""sweet"" "
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intercostal
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"L. costa ""a rib"" "
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ab-
|
"from, away from "
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ad-
|
toward
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"circum-, peri-"
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around
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para- (also means to bear (children))
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"near, beside, beyond"
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"dia-, trans- "
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"through, across "
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abnormal
|
"L. normalis ""in conformity with rule"" "
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adrenal
|
"L. renes ""kidneys"" "
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"circumoral, perineum "
|
"Circumoral-around the mouth (L. os (oris) ""mouth, opening, entrance"" ); perineum- region between the anus and the genital organs (Gk. perinaion, from peri- + inein to empty out) "
|
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paralysis
|
"loss of function in any part of the body (Gk. para- ""beside"" + lyein ""loosen”); also paresis (Gk paresis-paralysis, a letting go), paraplegia (""paralysis of the lower half of the body”, Gk. paraplessein ""strike at the side,"" para- ""beside"" + plessein ""to strike"") "
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"diaphragm, transplant "
|
"Gk. diaphragma ""muscle that divides the thorax from the abdomen“, dia- ""across"" + phrassein ""to fence in."" "
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"ecto-, exo-, extra- "
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"outside, outward "
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"endo-, intra- "
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"in, within "
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super-
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"upper, above "
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supra-
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"excessive, above, superior "
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ultra-
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"excess, beyond "
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infra-
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"below, under "
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"ectopic, exotropia, extracorporeal "
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"ectopic-occurring in an abnormal position or place (Gk. ektopos, from ek- ""out"" + topos ""place""); exotropia-one or both eyes turn outward(Gk -tropia a turning); extracorporeal-outside the body (L. corpus ""body"") "
|
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"endocrine, intracranial "
|
"endocrine-an internal secretion (Gk. krinein ""to separate”) "
|
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superior
|
"L. super ""above, over"" "
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supratentorial
|
"tentorium-extension of the membranes covering, and separates the cerebrum from the cerebellum. L. tentorium ""tent made of stretched skins"" "
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ultrasonic
|
"L. ultra- ""beyond + ""sonus ""sound"" "
|
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infrahyoid
|
below the neck’s hyoid bone (Gk. hyoeides “shaped like a U” )
|
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chromo-
|
color
|
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"albino- (from spanish, portuguese), leuko- "
|
white
|
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chloro-
|
green
|
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"jaundo- (french origin), cirrho-, ictero-, xantho- (greek origin) "
|
yellow
|
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cyano-
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blue
|
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erythro-
|
red
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melano-
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black
|
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polio-
|
gray
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chromosome
|
"Gk. soma ""body"" "
|
|
"albinism, leukoplakia "
|
Leukoplakia-white patch on the mucous membrane (Gk. plak- flat surface)
|
|
chloroma
|
see -oma
|
|
"jaundice, cirrhosis, icteric, xanthochromic "
|
"old French jaunisse ""yellowness“; Gk. kirrhos ""tawny"" for the orange-yellow appearance of the diseased liver; Gk. ikteros “jaundice” also a bird supposed to cure jaundice "
|
|
cyanotic
|
see -tic
|
|
erythroderma
|
see derma
|
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melanoma
|
see -oma
|
|
poliomyelitis
|
"Gk. polios + myelos “marrow” + itis“ inflammation"" the gray matter in the spinal cord is inflamed "
|
|
"adipo-, lipo-, steato- "
|
fat
|
|
"hidro-, sudor- "
|
sweat
|
|
ichthyo-
|
"dry, scaly "
|
|
"onycho-, unguo- "
|
nail
|
|
"pilo-, tricho- "
|
hair
|
|
sebo-
|
oil
|
|
squamo-
|
scale
|
|
xero-
|
dry
|
|
papule
|
solid Elevated lesion < 1 cm
|
|
nodule
|
"solid Circumscribed lesion , larger and deeper than a papule, <2 cm "
|
|
tumor
|
solid lesion > 2 cm
|
|
wheal
|
elevated localized skin edema
|
|
vesicle
|
elevated fluid filled lesion < 0.5 – 1 cm
|
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bulla
|
vesicle > 1 cm
|
|
pustule
|
"elevated lesion, contains pus, < 1 cm "
|
|
excoriation
|
linear epidermal scratches
|
|
fissure
|
skin inflammation and drying causes a crack that extends to the dermis
|
|
ulcer
|
open sore that extends to the dermis
|
|
"Oro-, stomato- "
|
Mouth
|
|
"Glosso-, linguo "
|
Tongue
|
|
"Cheilo-, libio "
|
Lip
|
|
"Dento-, odonto- "
|
Teeth
|
|
Gingivo-
|
Gums
|
|
Sialo-
|
"Salivary gland, saliva "
|
|
"Recto-, procto-"
|
"Rectum, anus "
|
|
Cholangio-
|
Bile vessel
|
|
Chole-
|
"Bile, gall "
|
|
Cholecysto-
|
Gall bladder
|
|
Choledocho-
|
Bile duct
|
|
-emesis
|
Vomit
|
|
-orexia
|
appetite
|
|
-pepsia
|
Digestion
|
|
-prandial
|
Meal
|
|
ascites
|
Abnormal accumulation of fluid in the abdomen
|
|
Cirrhosis
|
Scarring and dysfunction of the liver
|
|
Colic
|
Spasm of any soft tubular organ
|
|
Eructation
|
Belching
|
|
Fecalith
|
Feces concretion
|
|
Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD)
|
Malfunction causing backflow of gastric contents into the esophagus
|
|
Halitosis
|
Bad breath
|
|
Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS)
|
Altered bowel function and pain
|
|
Melena
|
Dark color tarry stool due to blood
|
|
Obstipation
|
Severe constipation
|
|
Stool guiac (hemocult)
|
Using a substance called guiac to detect the presence of occult (hidden) blood in the stool
|
|
Bariatric surgery
|
Procedures to treat morbid obesity
|
|
Anthraco-
|
Abnormal condition of coal dust in the lungs
|
|
Conio-
|
Condition of dust in the lungs
|
|
"Oxi-, oxo- "
|
oxygen
|
|
"Steth-, pectoro-, thoraco- "
|
chest
|
|
Phreno-
|
"Diaphragm, mind "
|
|
Spiro-
|
breathe
|
|
-pnea
|
breathing
|
|
-capnia
|
Carbon dioxide
|
|
-osmia
|
Smell
|
|
-phonia
|
voice
|
|
-ptysis
|
spitting
|
|
Pleural effusion
|
Abnormal fluid in the pleural cavity
|
|
Transudate
|
Noninflammatory effusion
|
|
Exudate
|
"Effusion with high protein, blood and immune cells, usually inflammatory "
|
|
Empyema
|
"a collection of pus in a body cavity, esp. the pleural cavity "
|
|
pyothorax
|
Empyema in a plural cavity
|
|
Paroxysmal dyspnea
|
Sudden violent difficulty breathing
|
|
auscultation
|
"L. auscultare ""to listen to,"" from auris ""ear"" "
|
|
Consolidation
|
Lung tissue engorged with fluid and inflammatory debris
|
|
Acidosis
|
Excess acidity of body fluids
|
|
Asphyxia
|
Insufficient intake of oxygen
|
|
Coryza
|
"Head cold, upper respiratory infection (URI) "
|
|
Epistaxis
|
nosebleed
|
|
Lavage
|
Irrigation of an organ or cavity
|
|
"Angio-, vasculo-, "
|
Vessel (usually blood or lymph)
|
|
Hemangio-
|
Blood vessel
|
|
"Phlebo-, veno- "
|
Vein
|
|
Athero-
|
Fatty plaque
|
|
Embolo-
|
"To plug, undissolved material carried by the blood plugging part of the vascular system "
|
|
Thrombo-
|
Blood clot
|
|
Myo
|
Muscle
|
|
Sphygmo-
|
Pulse
|
|
Blood pressure (BP)
|
Force of blood in the arterial wall
|
|
Systole
|
Contraction phase of the heart
|
|
Diastole
|
Relaxation phase of the heart
|
|
Aneurysm
|
Abnormally dilated (vessel wall)
|
|
arrhythmia
|
"Gk. arrhythmos ""irregularity,"" from a- ""not"" + rhythmos. Medical arrhythmia ""irregularity of pulse"" "
|
|
Myocardial infarction (MI)
|
Localized tissue death of the myocardium resulting from a failure of blood supply
|
|
Endarterectomy
|
Removal of materials from the innermost layer of an artery
|
|
Coronary artery disease (CAD)
|
A process that produces failure of blood supply to the heart
|
|
Coarctation
|
"Narrowing of a vessel, especially aorta "
|
|
Deep vein thrombosis (DVT)
|
"Deep vein blood clots, especially thighs and legs "
|
|
Fibrillation
|
"Ineffective, quivering heart contractions "
|
|
Ischemia
|
"Local, temporary deficiency of blood supply "
|
|
Patent
|
unobstructed
|
|
Palpitation
|
Sensation of an abnormal heartbeat
|
|
Perfusion
|
Circulation of blood through tissues
|
|
Stent
|
A device that holds open vessels and tubes
|
|
Antibody
|
Plasma protective protein
|
|
Antigen
|
Substance recognized as harmful that stimulates antibody formation
|
|
Cytokines
|
Cellular chemicals that stimulate activity of other cells
|
|
Extracellular fluid
|
All body fluids outside cells
|
|
Transfusion
|
Infusion of blood or components into the bloodstream
|
|
Adeno-
|
Gland
|
|
Lymphadeno-
|
Lymph gland (node)
|
|
Lympho-
|
Lymph
|
|
Lymphangio-
|
Lymph vessel
|
|
-blast
|
"Immature, embryonic cell "
|
|
-globin
|
Protein
|
|
Articulation
|
"Joint, union between two or more bones "
|
|
Aponeurosis
|
When a fibrous attachment covers a large area
|
|
Trochanter
|
Large irregular surface process on the femur
|
|
Tubercle
|
Small rounded surface process
|
|
Tuberosity
|
Large rounded process
|
|
Condyle
|
Rounded articulating knob
|
|
Head
|
Prominent rounded articulating bone end
|
|
Foramen
|
Rounded opening through a bone
|
|
Fissure
|
"Narrow, slitlike opening "
|
|
Meatus
|
Opening into a bone
|
|
Sinus
|
Cavity in a bone
|
|
Fascio-
|
"Band, fascia (fibrous membrane) "
|
|
Fibro-
|
Fibrous tissue
|
|
Ankylo-
|
Stiffness
|
|
Scolio-
|
Crooked
|
|
Brachio-
|
Arm
|
|
"Spondylo-, vertebro- "
|
Vertebrae
|
|
Leiomyo-
|
Smooth muscle
|
|
Rhabdo-
|
Striated (rod shaped)
|
|
-asthenia
|
weakness
|
|
Claudication
|
"Lameness, limping "
|
|
Contracture
|
Fibrosis that prevents normal mobility
|
|
Hypotonia
|
Loss of muscular tone
|
|
Sprain
|
Ligaments injury
|
|
Strain
|
"Muscular injury (usually with tendon, ligament injury also) "
|
|
Subluxation
|
Incomplete dislocation
|
|
Reduction
|
Restore bone to its normal position
|
|
Coma
|
Abnormally deep unconsciousness
|
|
Concussion
|
Injury resulting in temporary loss of consciousness
|
|
Convulsion
|
Sudden violent contraction of muscle
|
|
Tonic-clonic seizure
|
"Type of seizue (tonic phase-loss of consciousness and stiffness, clonic phase-rhythmic jerking movements) "
|
|
Palsy
|
Paralysis
|
|
Psychosis
|
Major emotional disorder
|
|
Paresthesia
|
Altered sensation
|
|
Sciatica
|
Severe leg pain along the route of the sciatic nerve
|
|
Syncope (fainting)
|
Temporary loss of consciousness due to loss of blood flow
|
|
Transient ischemic attack (TIA)
|
"Temporary (minutes, hours) interference of blood flow to the brain "
|
|
Cerebro-
|
Cerebrum
|
|
Encephalo-
|
Brain
|
|
Ganglio-
|
Ganglion
|
|
Kinesio-
|
Movement
|
|
Lepto-
|
Thin
|
|
Meningo-
|
Meninges
|
|
Neuro-
|
Nerve
|
|
Radiculo-
|
Nerve root
|
|
Stheno-
|
Strength
|
|
Theco-
|
Sheath
|
|
Tono-
|
Tension
|
|
"-algesia-, -algia "
|
Pain
|
|
-asthenia
|
Weakness
|
|
-esthesia
|
Feeling
|
|
-lepsy
|
Seizure
|
|
-taxia
|
coordination
|
|
BM
|
Bowel movement
|
|
BMI
|
Body mass index
|
|
GER(D)
|
Gastroesophageal reflux (disease)
|
|
LFT
|
Liver function test
|
|
NG
|
Nasogastric
|
|
STAT
|
immediately
|
|
R/O
|
Rule out
|
|
a.c.
|
Before meals
|
|
"pc, p.c. "
|
After meals
|
|
h.s.
|
At bedtime
|
|
NPO
|
Nothing by mouth
|
|
p.o.
|
By mouth
|
|
p.r.n.
|
As required
|
|
COPD
|
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
|
|
TB
|
tuberculosis
|
|
CF
|
Cystic fibrosis
|
|
ARDS
|
Acute respiratory distress syndrome
|
|
ABG
|
Arterial blood gas
|
|
PFT
|
Pulmonary function test
|
|
CPR
|
Cardiopulmonary resuscitation
|
|
AAA
|
Abdominal aortic aneurysm
|
|
CHD
|
Coronary heart disease
|
|
"ECG, EKG "
|
Electrocardiogram
|
|
HTN
|
Hypertension
|
|
IV
|
Intravenous
|
|
SOB
|
Shortness of breath
|
|
DOE
|
Dyspnea on exertion
|
|
Hgb
|
"Hemoglobin, amount in blood "
|
|
Hct
|
"Hematocrit, percentage of RBCs in blood "
|
|
"PT, aPTT "
|
"Prothrombin time, activated partial thromboplastin time, measure the time it takes to clot a blood sample "
|
|
IM
|
intramuscular
|
|
IV
|
Intravenous
|
|
IO
|
intraosseus
|
|
CSF
|
Cerebrospinal fluid
|
|
CVA
|
Cerebrovascular accident
|
|
LOC
|
Loss of consciousness
|
|
LP
|
Lumbar puncture
|
|
qAM
|
Every morning
|
|
qPM
|
Every evening
|
|
q.d.
|
Every day
|
|
q.h.
|
Every hour
|
|
q.2h.
|
Every 2 hours
|
|
b.i.d.
|
Twice a day
|
|
t.i.d.
|
Three times a day
|
|
q.i.d.
|
Four times a day
|
|
q.o.d.
|
Every other day
|
|
dermatos
|
skin
|
|
stomatos
|
mouth
|
|
nephros
|
kidney
|
|
kephale
|
head
|
|
trikhos
|
hair
|
|
kardia
|
heart
|
|
ops
|
eye
|
|
lipos
|
fat
|
|
cutis
|
skin
|
|
oris
|
mouth
|
|
renes
|
kidney
|
|
caput
|
head
|
|
capillar
|
hair
|
|
cor
|
heart
|
|
oculus
|
eye
|
|
adiposus
|
fat
|
|
-ectomy
|
"excision, removal "
|
|
-tomy
|
incision
|
|
-tome
|
cutting instrument
|
|
-stomy
|
form an opening (mouth)
|
|
-centesis
|
surgical puncture
|
|
-tripsy
|
crushing
|
|
-lysis
|
"destruction, separation"
|
|
-clasis
|
"to break, surgical "
|
|
|
fracture
|
|
-desis
|
"fixation, binding "
|
|
-pexy
|
fixation (of organs)
|
|
-rrhaphy
|
suture
|
|
-plasty
|
surgical repair
|
|
-gram
|
"record, writing"
|
|
-graph
|
recording instrument
|
|
-graphy
|
recording process
|
|
-meter
|
measuring instrument
|
|
-metry
|
measuring process
|
|
-scope
|
examining instrument
|
|
-scopy
|
visual examination
|
|
-opsy
|
medical examination
|
|
-genesis
|
"origin, creation, generation "
|
|
-gen
|
something that produces
|
|
-plasia
|
"formation, growth "
|
|
-plasm
|
something formed
|
|
-oma
|
"tumor (abnormal mass, of tissue) "
|
|
-megaly
|
enlargement
|
|
-edema
|
swelling
|
|
-cele (also –coele)
|
swelling
|
|
-ectasis
|
"dilation, expansion"
|
|
-penia
|
"decrease, deficiency "
|
|
-malacia
|
softening
|
|
-lysis
|
"loosening, dissolving, dissolution "
|
|
-trophy
|
"nourishment, development "
|
|
-tropic
|
responsive to stimuli
|
|
-osis
|
"abnormal condition, increase "
|
|
-iasis
|
"abnormal condition, from a specific thing "
|
|
-pathy
|
"disease, suffering, feeling "
|
|
-algia
|
pain
|
|
-dynia
|
pain
|
|
-itis
|
inflammation
|
|
-rrhage
|
bursting forth of
|
|
-emia
|
condition of the blood
|
|
-rrhea
|
"discharge, flow "
|
|
-rrhexis
|
rupture
|
|
-stenosis
|
abnormal narrowing
|
|
-sclerosis
|
abnormal hardening
|
|
-plegia
|
paralysis
|
|
-ptosis
|
sagging or prolapse
|
|
-spasm
|
involuntary contraction
|
|
-phagia
|
"eating, swallowing "
|
|
-phasia
|
speech
|
|
-phobia
|
fear
|
|
-toxic
|
poison
|
|
"-ac, -ic, -tic "
|
adjective suffixes meaning pertaining to
|
|
"-al, -eal, -ile, -ical ( = ic + al) "
|
adjective suffixes meaning pertaining to
|
|
"-ar, -ary,-ior "
|
adjective suffixes meaning pertaining to
|
|
"-ous (also, producing or composed of)"
|
adjective suffixes meaning pertaining to
|
|
"-esis, -ia, ism "
|
noun suffixes meaning condition
|
|
-y (also means process)
|
noun suffixes meaning condition
|
|
"-ician, -ist "
|
noun suffixes meaning practitioner
|
|
-iatry
|
"noun suffixes meaning healing, medicine "
|
|
"-icle, -ole, -ule "
|
diminutive suffixes
|
|
"a- , an- "
|
"without, not "
|
|
"anti-, contra- "
|
against (contra-also means opposite)
|
|
ipsi-
|
"oneself, the same "
|
|
mal-
|
bad
|
|
dys-
|
"bad, painful, difficult "
|
|
eu-
|
"good, normal "
|
|
pseudo-
|
false
|
|
"syn-, sym- (before b, p, ph, or m) "
|
"union, join, together "
|
|
tachy-
|
rapid
|
|
brady-
|
slow
|
|
"homo-, homeo-, iso- "
|
"same, alike, equal "
|
|
hetero-
|
different
|
|
allo-
|
"other, differing from the normal "
|
|
aniso-
|
not equal
|
|
hyper-
|
"excessive, above normal "
|
|
"multi-, poly- "
|
"many, much "
|
|
"Hemi-, semi- "
|
one half
|
|
"mono-, uni- "
|
one
|
|
primi-
|
first
|
|
bi-
|
two
|
|
"di, diplo- "
|
double
|
|
tri-
|
three
|
|
quadri-
|
four
|
|
"pre-, pro- "
|
before
|
|
ante-
|
"in front, before "
|
|
post-
|
"after, behind "
|
|
retro-
|
"backward, behind "
|
|
epi-
|
"above, upon "
|
|
"infra-, sub- "
|
"under, below "
|
|
hypo-
|
"deficient, below, under "
|
|
inter-
|
between
|
|
ab-
|
"from, away from "
|
|
ad-
|
toward
|
|
"circum-, peri-"
|
around
|
|
para- (also means to bear (children)
|
"near, beside, beyond"
|
|
"dia-, trans- "
|
"through, across "
|
|
"ecto-, exo-, extra- "
|
"outside, outward "
|
|
"endo-, intra- "
|
"in, within "
|
|
super-
|
"upper, above "
|
|
supra-
|
"excessive, above, superior "
|
|
ultra-
|
"excess, beyond "
|
|
infra-
|
"below, under "
|
|
cyto-
|
cell
|
|
"nucleo-, karyo- "
|
"nucleus (ex: nucleoli, karyorrhexis) "
|
|
histo-
|
tissue
|
|
visceral
|
"in reference to the viscera, internal organs (especially the abdominal organs) "
|
|
somatic
|
pertaining to the body
|
|
parietal
|
in reference to the outer wall of a body cavity
|
|
cranial
|
pertaining to the cranium (skull)
|
|
myel-
|
"marrow, pertaining to the bone marrow or spinal cord gray matter "
|
|
cervical
|
pertaining to the neck
|
|
"torso (trunk, from italian) "
|
"body without the head, neck and limbs "
|
|
thorax
|
"torso between the neck and abdomen, chest "
|
|
flank
|
the side between the ribs and hip
|
|
inguinal
|
pertaining to the groin (depression between the thigh and trunk
|
|
lumbar
|
pertaining to the loins (lower back)
|
|
umbilical
|
pertaining to the navel
|
|
acro-
|
extremity (ex: acrocyanosis)
|
|
chromo-
|
color
|
|
"albino- (from spanish, portuguese), leuko- "
|
white
|
|
chloro-
|
green
|
|
"jaundo- (french origin), cirrho-, ictero-, xantho- (greek origin) "
|
yellow
|
|
cyano-
|
blue
|
|
erythro-
|
red
|
|
melano-
|
black
|
|
polio-
|
gray
|
|
Abduction
|
Movement away from the midsagittal plane or one of its parts
|
|
Adduction
|
Movement towards the midsagittal plane
|
|
Median
|
Midline/midsagittal plane
|
|
Medial
|
In reference to the midline of the body or structure
|
|
Lateral
|
In reference to the side of a body structure
|
|
Superior (cephalad)
|
"Toward the upper part, or head of a structure "
|
|
Inferior (caudal)
|
"Toward the lower part, or tail of a structure "
|
|
Anterior (ventral)
|
Front of the body
|
|
Posterior (dorsal)
|
Back of the body
|
|
Proximal
|
"Near the center, or point of attachment to the body "
|
|
Distal
|
"Away from the center, or point of attachment to the body "
|
|
Prone
|
"Lying face down, on the abdomen "
|
|
Supine
|
"Lying horizontally face up, on the back "
|
|
Inversion
|
Turning inward
|
|
Eversion
|
Turning outward
|
|
Palmar
|
In reference to the palm of the hand
|
|
Plantar
|
In reference to the sole of the foot
|
|
Superficial
|
Toward the surface of the body (external)
|
|
Deep
|
Away from the surface of the body (internal)
|
|
etio-
|
cause
|
|
idio-
|
"unknown, unusual "
|
|
crypto-
|
"unknown, obscure "
|
|
morpho-
|
"form, shape, structure "
|
|
morbid-
|
diseased
|
|
mortal-
|
subject to death
|
|
inflammation
|
"a body defense and repair mechanism marked by redness, swelling, heat, pain, and sometimes loss of function "
|
|
adhesion
|
abnormal fibrous band that binds tissues
|
|
dehiscence
|
bursting open a wound
|
|
sepsis
|
a pathologic state due to bloodstream microorganisms
|
|
shock
|
a collapse of circulatory function
|
|
endoscopy
|
visual exam of a body cavity or canal with a special instrument (endoscope)
|
|
"complete blood count, CBC "
|
"blood test to enumerate red & white cells, and platelets; rbc indices, Hgb & sort wbcs into subtypes "
|
|
"urinalysis, UA "
|
urine screening for physical chemical and microscopic properties
|
|
"biopsy, bx "
|
small representative tissue sample of the body for microscopic exam
|
|
FS
|
thin slice of frozen tissue examined immediately
|
|
needle bx
|
sample removed using a hollow needle
|
|
punch bx
|
a hollow instrument (punch) removes a small core
|
|
shave bx
|
surgical removal of elevated lesions at the surface
|
|
"radiography, roentgenography, x-ray "
|
"imaging technique,ionizing radiation (x-rays) pass through the body and make a black/white/gray image. Dense materials are lighter "
|
|
tomography
|
x-ray technique that makes cross-sectional images
|
|
nuclear scan
|
"tracer is injected, ingested, or inhaled and image produced "
|
|
"magnetic resonance imaging, MRI "
|
radiowaves and magnets are used for imaging rather than x-rays for cross-sections
|
|
"ultrasonography (US, ultrasound, sonography, echo) "
|
a monitor displays high-frequency “echoes”
|
|
contrast media
|
substances used to facilitate radiographic images
|
|
ablation
|
"removal of a part, path, or function of tissues by various methods "
|
|
cauterize
|
destruction of tissues
|
|
curretage
|
scraping tissue from a body cavity with a curette (spoon shaped device)
|
|
anastomosis
|
"joining ducts, vessels, or tubular organs to allow flow through them "
|
|
incision & drainage (I &D)
|
surgical cutting into a wound or cavity to allow the free flow of fluid
|
|
resection
|
partial removal of a structure
|
|
dissection
|
to cut apart and examine
|