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610 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back
-ectomy
"excision, removal "
-tomy
incision
-tome
cutting instrument
-stomy
form an opening (mouth)
-centesis
surgical puncture
-tripsy
crushing
-lysis
"destruction, separation"
-clasis
"to break, surgical fracture"
-desis
"fixation, binding "
-pexy
fixation (of organs)
-rrhaphy
suture
-plasty
surgical repair
colectomy
"colon (Gk. kolon ""large intestine”) "
tracheotomy
"trachea (Gk. trakheia arteria; trakhys ""rough."" arteria ""windpipe“) "
osteotome
"Gk. osteon ""bone"" "
tracheostomy
see trachea above
paracentesis
"Gk. para- ""beside"""
lithotripsy
"Gk. lithos ""stone"""
thrombolysis
"Gk. thrombos ""clot”"
osteoclasis
see osteon above
pleurodesis
"pleura, membranes that line the thoracic cavity and cover the lungs (Gk. pleura ""side of the body, rib“) "
orchiopexy
"Gk. orkhis ""orchid“, ""testicle“. The plant so called because of the shape of its root. "
herniorrhaphy
"hernia, tissue protrusion through an opening in its surrounding walls (L. hernia ""a rupture“) "
rhinoplasty
"Gk. rhinos ""nose"" "
-gram
"record, writing"
-graph
recording instrument
-graphy
recording process
-meter
measuring instrument
-metry
measuring process
-scope
examining instrument
-scopy
visual examination
-opsy
medical examination
electrocardiogram
"Gk. elektron ""amber"" substances which, like amber, attract other substances when rubbed "
ultrasonograph
"L. ultra- ""beyond”, L. sonus ""sound"" "
ultrasonography
see above
thermometer
"Gk. thermos ""hot"" "
calorimetry
"L. calor ""heat"" "
microscope
"micro- (Gk. mikros ""small"") "
microscopy
see above
biopsy
"Gk. bi- combining form of bios ""life"""
-genesis
"origin, creation, generation "
-gen
something that produces
-plasia
"formation, growth "
-plasm
something formed
-oma
"tumor (abnormal mass, of tissue) "
-megaly
enlargement
carcinogenesis
"carcino- (L. cancer ""a crab,"" later, ""malignant tumor,"" from Gk. karkinos)"
carcinogen
see above
dysplasia
dys- see prefixes
neoplasm
"Gk. neo-, combining form of neos ""new,"""
hematoma
"Gk. haimato-, combining form of haima “blood” "
cardiomegaly
"cardio- Latinized form of Gk. kardia ""heart”"
-edema
swelling
-cele (also –coele)
swelling
-ectasis
"dilation, expansion"
-penia
"decrease, deficiency "
-malacia
softening
-lysis
"loosening, dissolving, dissolution "
-trophy
"nourishment, development "
-tropic
responsive to stimuli
papilledema
edema of the optic disk (L. papilla “nipple”)
hydrocele
"abnormal collection of fluid in any saclike space, especially around the testicles (Gk. hydro- “water”) "
atelectasis
"incomplete expansion of the lungs (Gk. ateles ""imperfect, incomplete“) "
osteopenia
see previous slide
osteomalacia
see previous slide
epidermolysis
"Gk. epidermis, from epi ""on"" + derma ""skin"" "
atrophy
"wasting away through lack of nourishment (Gk. atrophia ""a wasting away"" a- ""not"" + trophe ""nourishment“) "
neurotropic
"Gk. neuro-, combining form of neuron ""nerve"" originally ""sinew, tendon, cord, bowstring"" "
-osis
"abnormal condition, increase "
-iasis
"abnormal condition, from a specific thing "
-pathy
"disease, suffering, feeling "
-algia
pain
-dynia
pain
-itis
inflammation
-rrhage
bursting forth of
-emia
condition of the blood
-rrhea
"discharge, flow "
-rrhexis
rupture
-stenosis
abnormal narrowing
-sclerosis
abnormal hardening
cyanosis
"cyan (Gk. kyanos ""dark blue"" )"
psoriasis
"Gk. psoriasis ""being itchy"" from psora ""itch"" "
neuropathy
see previous slide
arthralgia
"Gk. arthron ""joint"" "
otodynia
"Gk oto-, combining form of ous, aus ""ear” "
cystitis
"inflammation of the urinary bladder (L. cystis, Gk. kystis ""bladder, pouch“)"
hemorrhage
"hemo- comb. form “blood” (L. haemo-, Gk. haimo-, from haima “blood”) "
azotemia
"large amounts of nitrogenous waste products in the blood (azote-obsolete name for nitrogen; intended for Gk. azoos, lifeless)"
diarrhea
"Gk. dia- ""through” "
karyorrhexis
"Gk. karyon ""nut, kernel“ in biological terms, nuclei "
ureterostenosis
"ureter-muscular tube conveying urine from a kidney to the bladder (Gk ourein ""urinate"" + -ter noun suffix)"
arteriosclerosis
"L. arterio-, comb. form of L. arteria, from Gk. arteria ""windpipe"" as distinct from a vein (L. vena ""a blood vessel“). Originally regarded as air ducts since arteries did not contain blood after death"
-plegia
paralysis
-ptosis
sagging or prolapse
-spasm
involuntary contraction
-phagia
"eating, swallowing "
-phasia
speech
-phobia
fear
-toxic
poison
hemiplegia
"Gk. hemi- ""half"" "
blepheroptosis
"blepharo-, combining form of Gk. blepharon ""eyelid"""
blepherospasm
see above
odynophagia
"Gk. odyno-, combining form meaning ""pain"""
dysphasia
"Gk. dys- ""bad, ill, abnormal"" "
trypanophobia
"a fear of injections (Gk. trypanon, from trypan ""to bore“) "
cardiotoxic
see previous definition
"-ac, -ic, -tic "
adjective suffixes meaning pertaining to
"-al, -eal, -ile, -ical ( = ic + al) "
adjective suffixes meaning pertaining to
"-ar, -ary,-ior "
adjective suffixes meaning pertaining to
"-ous (also, producing or composed of)"
adjective suffixes meaning pertaining to
"a- , an- "
"without, not "
"anti-, contra- "
against (contra-also means opposite)
ipsi-
"oneself, the same "
mal-
bad
dys-
"bad, painful, difficult "
eu-
"good, normal "
"apathy, anesthesia "
"See earlier Gk. pathos; anesthesia –alternate spelling of anaesthesia , lack of sensation (Gk. anaisthesia , an- + aisthesis ""feeling“) "
"antiseptic, contralateral "
"Gk. sepsis ""putrefaction“, from sepein ""cause to rot“; lateral-L. from latus ""side“. Aside:L. latitudo ""breadth, width, extent, size,"" from latus ""wide“, geographical sense also is from late 14 century ""breadth"" of a map of the known world. "
ipsilateral (pertaining to the same side of the body)
lateral-see above
malaise
"French derivation, malaise ""ill-ease,"" from mal ""bad"" + aise ""ease"" "
dysrhythmia
"L. rhythmus ""movement in time,"" Gk. rhythmos ""measured flow or movement” "
euphoria
"feeling healthy and comfortable (Gk. euphoros ""bearing well,"" from eu- ""well"" + pherein ""to carry“) "
pseudo-
false
"syn-, sym- (before b, p, ph, or m) "
"union, join, together "
tachy-
rapid
brady-
slow
psuedocyesis
cyesis (Gk.kyein to be pregnant + -sis )
"syncope, sympathetic, symptom "
"syncope-unconsciousness (Gk. syn- ""together, thoroughly"" + koptein ""to cut”); sympathetic-part of the autonomic nervous system (Gk. sympathes “affected by like feelings); symptom-subjective evidence of illness (Gk. symptoma ""a happening, accident, disease”, stem sympiptein ""to befall,"" from syn- ""together"" + piptein ""to fall"") "
tachypnea
"Gk. pneo/pnein ""to breathe"" "
bradycardia
cardia-L. form of Gk. kardia “heart”
"homo-, homeo-, iso- "
"same, alike, equal "
hetero-
different
allo-
"other, differing from the normal "
aniso-
not equal
"homologous, homeostasis, isotropic "
"homologous-involving organisms of the same species (Gk. logos ""relation, reasoning“); homeostasis-maintenance of stable physiological conditions (Gk. stasis ""a standing still"" ); isotropic-identical in all directions (tropic-turning in response to a certain stimulus, Gk. tropos ""turn, direction”) "
heterogeneous
"different in kind, unlike; Gk. genos ""race, kind” "
allogeneic
"genetically different, but from the same species "
anisotropic
"see above, not isotropic "
hyper-
"excessive, above normal "
"multi-, poly- "
"many, much "
"hemi-, semi- "
one half
"mono-, uni- "
one
primi-
first
hypertension
"abnormally high arterial blood pressure (L. tensionem ""a stretching“) "
"multiparous, polymorphonuclear "
"L. parere ""produce, bring forth, give birth to"" "
"hemiparesis, seminiferous "
"paralysis of one body side (Gk. paresis ""slackening of strength“); seminiferous-see previous slide "
"monosomy, unilocular "
"monosomy-abnormality with absence of a chromosome (Gk. soma ""body""); locular-divided into compartments (L. “compartment”) "
primigravida
"L. gravidus “lfull, swollen, pregnant with child” "
bi-
two
"di, diplo- "
double
tri-
three
quadri-
four
bipedal
"L. pedem ""foot"" "
"dilate, diploid "
dilate-see previous slide;
"Diploid-two similar complements of chromosomes (Gk. diploos ""double"" + eidos ""form“) "
triceps
"L. tri “three"" + -ceps comb. form of caput ""head"" "
quadriceps
see above
"pre-, pro- "
before
ante-
"in front, before "
post-
"after, behind "
retro-
"backward, behind "
epi-
"above, upon "
"infra-, sub- "
"under, below "
hypo-
"deficient, below, under "
inter-
between
"prenatal, prognosis "
"L. natalis ""pertaining to birth” "
anterior
see suffix -ior
postpartum
"L. post partum ""after birth"" "
retroperitoneum
"space between the peritoneum and the posterior abdominal wall (Gk. peritonaion ""abdominal membrane”, peri- ""around"" + teinein ""to stretch“ ) "
epiglottis
"Gk. glotta, variant of glossa ""tongue"" "
"inframaxillary, subdural "
"L. maxilla ""upper jaw"" , diminutive of mala ""jaw, cheekbone“; ""tough outer membrane surrounding the central nervous system (L. “hard mother “)"" "
hypoglycemia
"Gk. glykys ""sweet"" "
intercostal
"L. costa ""a rib"" "
ab-
"from, away from "
ad-
toward
"circum-, peri-"
around
para- (also means to bear (children))
"near, beside, beyond"
"dia-, trans- "
"through, across "
abnormal
"L. normalis ""in conformity with rule"" "
adrenal
"L. renes ""kidneys"" "
"circumoral, perineum "
"Circumoral-around the mouth (L. os (oris) ""mouth, opening, entrance"" ); perineum- region between the anus and the genital organs (Gk. perinaion, from peri- + inein to empty out) "
paralysis
"loss of function in any part of the body (Gk. para- ""beside"" + lyein ""loosen”); also paresis (Gk paresis-paralysis, a letting go), paraplegia (""paralysis of the lower half of the body”, Gk. paraplessein ""strike at the side,"" para- ""beside"" + plessein ""to strike"") "
"diaphragm, transplant "
"Gk. diaphragma ""muscle that divides the thorax from the abdomen“, dia- ""across"" + phrassein ""to fence in."" "
"ecto-, exo-, extra- "
"outside, outward "
"endo-, intra- "
"in, within "
super-
"upper, above "
supra-
"excessive, above, superior "
ultra-
"excess, beyond "
infra-
"below, under "
"ectopic, exotropia, extracorporeal "
"ectopic-occurring in an abnormal position or place (Gk. ektopos, from ek- ""out"" + topos ""place""); exotropia-one or both eyes turn outward(Gk -tropia a turning); extracorporeal-outside the body (L. corpus ""body"") "
"endocrine, intracranial "
"endocrine-an internal secretion (Gk. krinein ""to separate”) "
superior
"L. super ""above, over"" "
supratentorial
"tentorium-extension of the membranes covering, and separates the cerebrum from the cerebellum. L. tentorium ""tent made of stretched skins"" "
ultrasonic
"L. ultra- ""beyond + ""sonus ""sound"" "
infrahyoid
below the neck’s hyoid bone (Gk. hyoeides “shaped like a U” )
chromo-
color
"albino- (from spanish, portuguese), leuko- "
white
chloro-
green
"jaundo- (french origin), cirrho-, ictero-, xantho- (greek origin) "
yellow
cyano-
blue
erythro-
red
melano-
black
polio-
gray
chromosome
"Gk. soma ""body"" "
"albinism, leukoplakia "
Leukoplakia-white patch on the mucous membrane (Gk. plak- flat surface)
chloroma
see -oma
"jaundice, cirrhosis, icteric, xanthochromic "
"old French jaunisse ""yellowness“; Gk. kirrhos ""tawny"" for the orange-yellow appearance of the diseased liver; Gk. ikteros “jaundice” also a bird supposed to cure jaundice "
cyanotic
see -tic
erythroderma
see derma
melanoma
see -oma
poliomyelitis
"Gk. polios + myelos “marrow” + itis“ inflammation"" the gray matter in the spinal cord is inflamed "
"adipo-, lipo-, steato- "
fat
"hidro-, sudor- "
sweat
ichthyo-
"dry, scaly "
"onycho-, unguo- "
nail
"pilo-, tricho- "
hair
sebo-
oil
squamo-
scale
xero-
dry
papule
solid Elevated lesion < 1 cm
nodule
"solid Circumscribed lesion , larger and deeper than a papule, <2 cm "
tumor
solid lesion > 2 cm
wheal
elevated localized skin edema
vesicle
elevated fluid filled lesion < 0.5 – 1 cm
bulla
vesicle > 1 cm
pustule
"elevated lesion, contains pus, < 1 cm "
excoriation
linear epidermal scratches
fissure
skin inflammation and drying causes a crack that extends to the dermis
ulcer
open sore that extends to the dermis
"Oro-, stomato- "
Mouth
"Glosso-, linguo "
Tongue
"Cheilo-, libio "
Lip
"Dento-, odonto- "
Teeth
Gingivo-
Gums
Sialo-
"Salivary gland, saliva "
"Recto-, procto-"
"Rectum, anus "
Cholangio-
Bile vessel
Chole-
"Bile, gall "
Cholecysto-
Gall bladder
Choledocho-
Bile duct
-emesis
Vomit
-orexia
appetite
-pepsia
Digestion
-prandial
Meal
ascites
Abnormal accumulation of fluid in the abdomen
Cirrhosis
Scarring and dysfunction of the liver
Colic
Spasm of any soft tubular organ
Eructation
Belching
Fecalith
Feces concretion
Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD)
Malfunction causing backflow of gastric contents into the esophagus
Halitosis
Bad breath
Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS)
Altered bowel function and pain
Melena
Dark color tarry stool due to blood
Obstipation
Severe constipation
Stool guiac (hemocult)
Using a substance called guiac to detect the presence of occult (hidden) blood in the stool
Bariatric surgery
Procedures to treat morbid obesity
Anthraco-
Abnormal condition of coal dust in the lungs
Conio-
Condition of dust in the lungs
"Oxi-, oxo- "
oxygen
"Steth-, pectoro-, thoraco- "
chest
Phreno-
"Diaphragm, mind "
Spiro-
breathe
-pnea
breathing
-capnia
Carbon dioxide
-osmia
Smell
-phonia
voice
-ptysis
spitting
Pleural effusion
Abnormal fluid in the pleural cavity
Transudate
Noninflammatory effusion
Exudate
"Effusion with high protein, blood and immune cells, usually inflammatory "
Empyema
"a collection of pus in a body cavity, esp. the pleural cavity "
pyothorax
Empyema in a plural cavity
Paroxysmal dyspnea
Sudden violent difficulty breathing
auscultation
"L. auscultare ""to listen to,"" from auris ""ear"" "
Consolidation
Lung tissue engorged with fluid and inflammatory debris
Acidosis
Excess acidity of body fluids
Asphyxia
Insufficient intake of oxygen
Coryza
"Head cold, upper respiratory infection (URI) "
Epistaxis
nosebleed
Lavage
Irrigation of an organ or cavity
"Angio-, vasculo-, "
Vessel (usually blood or lymph)
Hemangio-
Blood vessel
"Phlebo-, veno- "
Vein
Athero-
Fatty plaque
Embolo-
"To plug, undissolved material carried by the blood plugging part of the vascular system "
Thrombo-
Blood clot
Myo
Muscle
Sphygmo-
Pulse
Blood pressure (BP)
Force of blood in the arterial wall
Systole
Contraction phase of the heart
Diastole
Relaxation phase of the heart
Aneurysm
Abnormally dilated (vessel wall)
arrhythmia
"Gk. arrhythmos ""irregularity,"" from a- ""not"" + rhythmos. Medical arrhythmia ""irregularity of pulse"" "
Myocardial infarction (MI)
Localized tissue death of the myocardium resulting from a failure of blood supply
Endarterectomy
Removal of materials from the innermost layer of an artery
Coronary artery disease (CAD)
A process that produces failure of blood supply to the heart
Coarctation
"Narrowing of a vessel, especially aorta "
Deep vein thrombosis (DVT)
"Deep vein blood clots, especially thighs and legs "
Fibrillation
"Ineffective, quivering heart contractions "
Ischemia
"Local, temporary deficiency of blood supply "
Patent
unobstructed
Palpitation
Sensation of an abnormal heartbeat
Perfusion
Circulation of blood through tissues
Stent
A device that holds open vessels and tubes
Antibody
Plasma protective protein
Antigen
Substance recognized as harmful that stimulates antibody formation
Cytokines
Cellular chemicals that stimulate activity of other cells
Extracellular fluid
All body fluids outside cells
Transfusion
Infusion of blood or components into the bloodstream
Adeno-
Gland
Lymphadeno-
Lymph gland (node)
Lympho-
Lymph
Lymphangio-
Lymph vessel
-blast
"Immature, embryonic cell "
-globin
Protein
Articulation
"Joint, union between two or more bones "
Aponeurosis
When a fibrous attachment covers a large area
Trochanter
Large irregular surface process on the femur
Tubercle
Small rounded surface process
Tuberosity
Large rounded process
Condyle
Rounded articulating knob
Head
Prominent rounded articulating bone end
Foramen
Rounded opening through a bone
Fissure
"Narrow, slitlike opening "
Meatus
Opening into a bone
Sinus
Cavity in a bone
Fascio-
"Band, fascia (fibrous membrane) "
Fibro-
Fibrous tissue
Ankylo-
Stiffness
Scolio-
Crooked
Brachio-
Arm
"Spondylo-, vertebro- "
Vertebrae
Leiomyo-
Smooth muscle
Rhabdo-
Striated (rod shaped)
-asthenia
weakness
Claudication
"Lameness, limping "
Contracture
Fibrosis that prevents normal mobility
Hypotonia
Loss of muscular tone
Sprain
Ligaments injury
Strain
"Muscular injury (usually with tendon, ligament injury also) "
Subluxation
Incomplete dislocation
Reduction
Restore bone to its normal position
Coma
Abnormally deep unconsciousness
Concussion
Injury resulting in temporary loss of consciousness
Convulsion
Sudden violent contraction of muscle
Tonic-clonic seizure
"Type of seizue (tonic phase-loss of consciousness and stiffness, clonic phase-rhythmic jerking movements) "
Palsy
Paralysis
Psychosis
Major emotional disorder
Paresthesia
Altered sensation
Sciatica
Severe leg pain along the route of the sciatic nerve
Syncope (fainting)
Temporary loss of consciousness due to loss of blood flow
Transient ischemic attack (TIA)
"Temporary (minutes, hours) interference of blood flow to the brain "
Cerebro-
Cerebrum
Encephalo-
Brain
Ganglio-
Ganglion
Kinesio-
Movement
Lepto-
Thin
Meningo-
Meninges
Neuro-
Nerve
Radiculo-
Nerve root
Stheno-
Strength
Theco-
Sheath
Tono-
Tension
"-algesia-, -algia "
Pain
-asthenia
Weakness
-esthesia
Feeling
-lepsy
Seizure
-taxia
coordination
BM
Bowel movement
BMI
Body mass index
GER(D)
Gastroesophageal reflux (disease)
LFT
Liver function test
NG
Nasogastric
STAT
immediately
R/O
Rule out
a.c.
Before meals
"pc, p.c. "
After meals
h.s.
At bedtime
NPO
Nothing by mouth
p.o.
By mouth
p.r.n.
As required
COPD
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
TB
tuberculosis
CF
Cystic fibrosis
ARDS
Acute respiratory distress syndrome
ABG
Arterial blood gas
PFT
Pulmonary function test
CPR
Cardiopulmonary resuscitation
AAA
Abdominal aortic aneurysm
CHD
Coronary heart disease
"ECG, EKG "
Electrocardiogram
HTN
Hypertension
IV
Intravenous
SOB
Shortness of breath
DOE
Dyspnea on exertion
Hgb
"Hemoglobin, amount in blood "
Hct
"Hematocrit, percentage of RBCs in blood "
"PT, aPTT "
"Prothrombin time, activated partial thromboplastin time, measure the time it takes to clot a blood sample "
IM
intramuscular
IV
Intravenous
IO
intraosseus
CSF
Cerebrospinal fluid
CVA
Cerebrovascular accident
LOC
Loss of consciousness
LP
Lumbar puncture
qAM
Every morning
qPM
Every evening
q.d.
Every day
q.h.
Every hour
q.2h.
Every 2 hours
b.i.d.
Twice a day
t.i.d.
Three times a day
q.i.d.
Four times a day
q.o.d.
Every other day
dermatos
skin
stomatos
mouth
nephros
kidney
kephale
head
trikhos
hair
kardia
heart
ops
eye
lipos
fat
cutis
skin
oris
mouth
renes
kidney
caput
head
capillar
hair
cor
heart
oculus
eye
adiposus
fat
-ectomy
"excision, removal "
-tomy
incision
-tome
cutting instrument
-stomy
form an opening (mouth)
-centesis
surgical puncture
-tripsy
crushing
-lysis
"destruction, separation"
-clasis
"to break, surgical "
fracture
-desis
"fixation, binding "
-pexy
fixation (of organs)
-rrhaphy
suture
-plasty
surgical repair
-gram
"record, writing"
-graph
recording instrument
-graphy
recording process
-meter
measuring instrument
-metry
measuring process
-scope
examining instrument
-scopy
visual examination
-opsy
medical examination
-genesis
"origin, creation, generation "
-gen
something that produces
-plasia
"formation, growth "
-plasm
something formed
-oma
"tumor (abnormal mass, of tissue) "
-megaly
enlargement
-edema
swelling
-cele (also –coele)
swelling
-ectasis
"dilation, expansion"
-penia
"decrease, deficiency "
-malacia
softening
-lysis
"loosening, dissolving, dissolution "
-trophy
"nourishment, development "
-tropic
responsive to stimuli
-osis
"abnormal condition, increase "
-iasis
"abnormal condition, from a specific thing "
-pathy
"disease, suffering, feeling "
-algia
pain
-dynia
pain
-itis
inflammation
-rrhage
bursting forth of
-emia
condition of the blood
-rrhea
"discharge, flow "
-rrhexis
rupture
-stenosis
abnormal narrowing
-sclerosis
abnormal hardening
-plegia
paralysis
-ptosis
sagging or prolapse
-spasm
involuntary contraction
-phagia
"eating, swallowing "
-phasia
speech
-phobia
fear
-toxic
poison
"-ac, -ic, -tic "
adjective suffixes meaning pertaining to
"-al, -eal, -ile, -ical ( = ic + al) "
adjective suffixes meaning pertaining to
"-ar, -ary,-ior "
adjective suffixes meaning pertaining to
"-ous (also, producing or composed of)"
adjective suffixes meaning pertaining to
"-esis, -ia, ism "
noun suffixes meaning condition
-y (also means process)
noun suffixes meaning condition
"-ician, -ist "
noun suffixes meaning practitioner
-iatry
"noun suffixes meaning healing, medicine "
"-icle, -ole, -ule "
diminutive suffixes
"a- , an- "
"without, not "
"anti-, contra- "
against (contra-also means opposite)
ipsi-
"oneself, the same "
mal-
bad
dys-
"bad, painful, difficult "
eu-
"good, normal "
pseudo-
false
"syn-, sym- (before b, p, ph, or m) "
"union, join, together "
tachy-
rapid
brady-
slow
"homo-, homeo-, iso- "
"same, alike, equal "
hetero-
different
allo-
"other, differing from the normal "
aniso-
not equal
hyper-
"excessive, above normal "
"multi-, poly- "
"many, much "
"Hemi-, semi- "
one half
"mono-, uni- "
one
primi-
first
bi-
two
"di, diplo- "
double
tri-
three
quadri-
four
"pre-, pro- "
before
ante-
"in front, before "
post-
"after, behind "
retro-
"backward, behind "
epi-
"above, upon "
"infra-, sub- "
"under, below "
hypo-
"deficient, below, under "
inter-
between
ab-
"from, away from "
ad-
toward
"circum-, peri-"
around
para- (also means to bear (children)
"near, beside, beyond"
"dia-, trans- "
"through, across "
"ecto-, exo-, extra- "
"outside, outward "
"endo-, intra- "
"in, within "
super-
"upper, above "
supra-
"excessive, above, superior "
ultra-
"excess, beyond "
infra-
"below, under "
cyto-
cell
"nucleo-, karyo- "
"nucleus (ex: nucleoli, karyorrhexis) "
histo-
tissue
visceral
"in reference to the viscera, internal organs (especially the abdominal organs) "
somatic
pertaining to the body
parietal
in reference to the outer wall of a body cavity
cranial
pertaining to the cranium (skull)
myel-
"marrow, pertaining to the bone marrow or spinal cord gray matter "
cervical
pertaining to the neck
"torso (trunk, from italian) "
"body without the head, neck and limbs "
thorax
"torso between the neck and abdomen, chest "
flank
the side between the ribs and hip
inguinal
pertaining to the groin (depression between the thigh and trunk
lumbar
pertaining to the loins (lower back)
umbilical
pertaining to the navel
acro-
extremity (ex: acrocyanosis)
chromo-
color
"albino- (from spanish, portuguese), leuko- "
white
chloro-
green
"jaundo- (french origin), cirrho-, ictero-, xantho- (greek origin) "
yellow
cyano-
blue
erythro-
red
melano-
black
polio-
gray
Abduction
Movement away from the midsagittal plane or one of its parts
Adduction
Movement towards the midsagittal plane
Median
Midline/midsagittal plane
Medial
In reference to the midline of the body or structure
Lateral
In reference to the side of a body structure
Superior (cephalad)
"Toward the upper part, or head of a structure "
Inferior (caudal)
"Toward the lower part, or tail of a structure "
Anterior (ventral)
Front of the body
Posterior (dorsal)
Back of the body
Proximal
"Near the center, or point of attachment to the body "
Distal
"Away from the center, or point of attachment to the body "
Prone
"Lying face down, on the abdomen "
Supine
"Lying horizontally face up, on the back "
Inversion
Turning inward
Eversion
Turning outward
Palmar
In reference to the palm of the hand
Plantar
In reference to the sole of the foot
Superficial
Toward the surface of the body (external)
Deep
Away from the surface of the body (internal)
etio-
cause
idio-
"unknown, unusual "
crypto-
"unknown, obscure "
morpho-
"form, shape, structure "
morbid-
diseased
mortal-
subject to death
inflammation
"a body defense and repair mechanism marked by redness, swelling, heat, pain, and sometimes loss of function "
adhesion
abnormal fibrous band that binds tissues
dehiscence
bursting open a wound
sepsis
a pathologic state due to bloodstream microorganisms
shock
a collapse of circulatory function
endoscopy
visual exam of a body cavity or canal with a special instrument (endoscope)
"complete blood count, CBC "
"blood test to enumerate red & white cells, and platelets; rbc indices, Hgb & sort wbcs into subtypes "
"urinalysis, UA "
urine screening for physical chemical and microscopic properties
"biopsy, bx "
small representative tissue sample of the body for microscopic exam
FS
thin slice of frozen tissue examined immediately
needle bx
sample removed using a hollow needle
punch bx
a hollow instrument (punch) removes a small core
shave bx
surgical removal of elevated lesions at the surface
"radiography, roentgenography, x-ray "
"imaging technique,ionizing radiation (x-rays) pass through the body and make a black/white/gray image. Dense materials are lighter "
tomography
x-ray technique that makes cross-sectional images
nuclear scan
"tracer is injected, ingested, or inhaled and image produced "
"magnetic resonance imaging, MRI "
radiowaves and magnets are used for imaging rather than x-rays for cross-sections
"ultrasonography (US, ultrasound, sonography, echo) "
a monitor displays high-frequency “echoes”
contrast media
substances used to facilitate radiographic images
ablation
"removal of a part, path, or function of tissues by various methods "
cauterize
destruction of tissues
curretage
scraping tissue from a body cavity with a curette (spoon shaped device)
anastomosis
"joining ducts, vessels, or tubular organs to allow flow through them "
incision & drainage (I &D)
surgical cutting into a wound or cavity to allow the free flow of fluid
resection
partial removal of a structure
dissection
to cut apart and examine