Medical Terminology 14

Front 1

calyx (calyces)

Back 1

cup-shaped division of the renal pelvis through which urine passes from the renal tubules.

Front 2

glomerulus

Back 2

ball-shaped collection of very thin, coiled, and intertwined capillaries, located in the cortex of the kidney.

Front 3

homeostasis

Back 3

A tendency to stability in the normal body states (internal environment) of the organism.

Front 4

peritonium

Back 4

specific serous membrane that covers the entire abdominal wall of the body and is reflected over the contained viscera; inner lining of the cavity.

Front 5

renal pelvis

Back 5

central collecting part of the kidney that narrows into the large upper end of the ureter.

Front 6

meatus

Back 6

opening or tunnel through any part of the body as in the urinary meatus, which is the external opening of the urethra.

Front 7

urethra

Back 7

small tubular structure that drains urine from the bladder to the outside of the body.

Front 8

ureter

Back 8

one of the pair of tubes that carries urine from the kidney to the bladder.

Front 9

antiseptic

Back 9

substance that tends to inhibit the growth and reproduction of microorganisms.

Front 10

arteriovenous fistula

Back 10

surgical connection between an artery and a vein that provides access for hemodialysis.

Front 11

aseptic techniques

Back 11

any health procedure in which precautions are taken to prevent contamination of a person, object, or area by microorganisms.

Front 12

azotemia

Back 12

presence of excessive amounts of waste products of metabolism in which the blood caused by failure of the kidneys to remove urea form the blood.

Front 13

catheter

Back 13

hollow, flexible tube that can be inserted into a body cavity or vessel for the purpose of instilling or withdrawing fluid.

Front 14

cystometer

Back 14

instrument that measures bladder capacity in relation to changing pressure.

Front 15

cystoscope

Back 15

instrament used to view the interior of the bladder, ureter, or kidney.

Front 16

dialysate

Back 16

solution that cotains water and electrolytes that passes through the artificial kidney to remove excess fluids and water from the blood.

Front 17

dialysis

Back 17

process of removing waste products from the blood when kidneys are unable to do so.

Front 18

dwell time

Back 18

length of time the dialsys solution stays in the peritoneal cavity during peritoneal dialysis

Front 19

glomerular filter

Back 19

substance that filter out the blood through the thin walls of the glomeruli.

Front 20

meatotomy

Back 20

An incision made to enlarge a meatus, e.g., of the urethra or ureter.

Front 21

micturition

Back 21

act of eliminating urine from the bladder(voiding or urination)

Front 22

nephrolithiasis

Back 22

condition of kidney stones

Front 23

peritonitis

Back 23

inflammation of the peritoneum

Front 24

pyelitis

Back 24

inflammation of the renal pelvis.

Front 25

pyelonephritis

Back 25

Inflammation of the kidney and its pelvis, beginning in the interstitium and rapidly extending to involve the tubules, glomeruli and blood vessels, due to bacterial infection.

Front 26

renal

Back 26

Pertaining to the kidney,

Front 27

residual urine

Back 27

urine that remains in the bladder after urination.

Front 28

solute

Back 28

substance that dissolves in a solution, as in the waste products filtered out of the kidney into the urine.

Front 29

specific gravity

Back 29

weight of a substance compared with an equal volume of water, which is considered to be the standard.

Front 30

toxic

Back 30

poisonous

Front 31

turbid

Back 31

cloudy

Front 32

uremia

Back 32

presence of excessive amounts of urea and other nitrogenous waste products in the blood.

Front 33

ureterostenosis

Back 33

Stricture of a ureter; A narrowing, especially of a tube or canal, due to scar tissue or tumour.

Front 34

urethritis

Back 34

inflammation of the urethra

Front 35

urinary incontinence

Back 35

inability to control urination

Front 36

urinary retention

Back 36

abnormal, involuntary accumulation of urine in the bladder

Front 37

urination

Back 37

act of eliminating urine from the body

Front 38

urine

Back 38

fluid released from the kidneys, transported by the ureters, retained in the bladder, and eliminated through the urethra.

Front 39

vesicocele

Back 39

A condition where the bladder herniates into the vaginal canal.

Front 40

voiding

Back 40

act of eliminating urine from the body.

Front 41

albumin/o

Back 41

albumin, protein

Front 42

azot/o

Back 42

nitrogen

Front 43

bacteri/o

Back 43

bacteria

Front 44

cali/o, calic/o

Back 44

calyz, calyces

Front 45

cyst/o

Back 45

bladder, sac or cyst

Front 46

dips/o

Back 46

thirst

Front 47

glomerul/o

Back 47

glomerulus

Front 48

ket/o, keton/o

Back 48

ketone bodies

Front 49

meat/o

Back 49

meatus

Front 50

nephr/o

Back 50

kidney

Front 51

noct/i

Back 51

night

Front 52

olig/o

Back 52

few, little, scanty

Front 53

pyel/o

Back 53

renal pelvis

Front 54

py/o

Back 54

pus

Front 55

ren/o

Back 55

kidney

Front 56

ureter/o

Back 56

ureter

Front 57

urethr/o

Back 57

urethra

Front 58

uro/, urin/o

Back 58

urine

Front 59

uria

Back 59

urine condition

Front 60

vesic/o

Back 60

urinary bladder

Front 61

albuminuria

Back 61

presence in the urine of abnormally large quantities of protein, usually albumin.

Front 62

anuria

Back 62

cessation (stopping) of urine production, or urinary output of less than 100 ml a day.

Front 63

bacteriuria

Back 63

presence of bacteria in urine

Front 64

dysuria

Back 64

painful urination.

Front 65

enuresis

Back 65

condition of urinary incontinence, especially at night; bed wetting.

Front 66

glycosuria

Back 66

abnormal presence of sugar, especially glucose, in the urine.

Front 67

hematuria

Back 67

abnormal presence of blood in the urine.

Front 68

ketonuria

Back 68

presence of excessive amounts of ketone bodies in the urine.

Front 69

lethargy

Back 69

state or quality of being indifferent, apathetic(without emotion) or sluggish.

Front 70

malaise

Back 70

vague feeling of bodily weakness or discomfort, often marking the onset of disease or infection.

Front 71

nocturia/nycturia

Back 71

urination, especially excessive, at night.

Front 72

oliguria

Back 72

secretion of diminished amount of urine in relation to the fluid intake; scanty urine output.

Front 73

polydipsia

Back 73

excessive thirst.

Front 74

polyuria

Back 74

excessive abnormally large amounts of urine.

Front 75

pyuria

Back 75

presence of pus in the urine, usually a sign of infection of the urinary tract

Front 76

cystitis

Back 76

inflammation of the urinary bladder.

Front 77

hydonephrosis

Back 77

distension of the pelvis and calyces of the kidney caused by urine that cannot flow past an obstruction in a ureter.

Front 78

polycystic kidney disease

Back 78

hereditary disorder of the kidneys in which grapelike, fluid-filled sacs or cysts, replace normal kidney tissue.

Front 79

renal calculi (nephrolithiasis)

Back 79

stone formation in the kidney.

Front 80

glomerulonephritis

Back 80

A variety of nephritis characterised by inflammation of the capillary loops in the glomeruli of the kidney. It occurs in acute, subacute and chronic forms and may be secondary to haemolytic streptococcal infection. Evidence also supports possible immune or autoimmune mechanisms.

Front 81

treatments of renal failure

Back 81

hemodialysis, kidney transplants, and peritoneal dialsys

Front 82

blood urea nitrogen (BUN)

Back 82

blood test performed to determine the amount of urea and nitrogen present in the blood (waste product excreted by kidney)

Front 83

catherization

Back 83

introduction of a catheter into a body cavity or organ to instill substance or removal of fluid.

Front 84

creatinine clearance test

Back 84

diagnostic test for kidney function that measures filtration rate of creatinine, waste product which is normally removed by the kidney.

Front 85

cystometrography

Back 85

examination performed to evaluate bladder tone; measuring bladder pressure during filling and voiding.

Front 86

cystoscopy

Back 86

process of viewing the interior of the bladder.

Front 87

extracorporeal lithotripsy

Back 87

noninvasive mechanical procedure for breaking up renal calculi so they can pass through the ureters.

Front 88

intravenous pyelogram (IVP)

Back 88

radiographic procedure provides visualization of the entire urinary tract; kidneys, ureters, bladder, and urethra.

Front 89

KUB (kidneys, ureters, bladder)

Back 89

x-ray of the lower abdomen that defines the size, shape, and location of the kidneys, ureters, and bladder.

Front 90

renal angiography

Back 90

x-ray visualization of the internal anatomy of the renal blood vessels after injection of a contrast medium.

Front 91

fluoroscopy

Back 91

An X-ray procedure that makes it possible to see internal organs in motion.

Front 92

retrograde pyelogram

Back 92

radiographic procedure in which small-caliber, catheters are passed through a cystoscope into the ureters to visualize the ureters and the renal pelvis.

Front 93

ultrasonography

Back 93

aka ultrasound; procedure using sound waves are transmitted into the body structures as a small transducer is passed over the patient's skin.

Front 94

urinalysis

Back 94

physical, chemical, or microscopic examination of urine.

Front 95

voiding cystourethrography

Back 95

x-ray visualization of the bladder and urethra during the voiding process, after the bladder has been filled with a contrast material.

Front 96

BUN

Back 96

blood urea nitrogen

Front 97

C&S

Back 97

culture and sensitivity-growth of microorganisms in a special medium and subsequent antiobiotic testing to determine appropriate treatment.

Front 98

ESRD

Back 98

end-stage renal disease

Front 99

IVP

Back 99

intravenous pyelogram

Front 100

KUB

Back 100

kidneys, ureters, bladder

Front 101

pH

Back 101

degree of acidity, alkinity of a solution (potential hydrogen)

Front 102

UA

Back 102

urinalysis

Front 103

UTI

Back 103

urinary tract infection