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383 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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post-
|
after; behind
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radio-
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x-rays; radioactivity;radius
(laterial lower arm bine) |
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-scope
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insturment for visual examination
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-therapy
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treatment
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uni-
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one
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-al
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pretaining to
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dermat/o
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skin
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derm/o
|
skin
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gastr/o
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stomach
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hyper-
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above; excessive
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-ic
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pretaining to
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-itis
|
inflammation
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micro-
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small
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-phobia
|
fear
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pre-
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before; infront of
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psych/o
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mind
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rhin/o
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nose
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splen/o
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spleen
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-tic
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pretaining to
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pneumon/o
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lung; air; gas
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poly-
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many; much
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ren/o
|
kidney
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retr/o
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backward; back; behind
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-rrhage
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bursting forth
(of blood) |
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-rrhaphy
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suture
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-rrhea
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flow; discharge
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-rrhexis
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rupture
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-sis
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state of; condition
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spir/o
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to breath
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-stasis
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to stop; control; place
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-stomy
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new opening;
(to form a mouth) |
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sub-
|
under; below
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supra-
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above; upper
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tachy-
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fast
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tel/o
|
complete
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thorac/o
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chest
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trache/o
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wind pipe;
(trachea) |
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thromb/o
|
clot
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-tomy
|
process of cutting
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-thorax
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chest; pleual cavity
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-trophy
|
nourishment; development
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-um
|
structure; tissue; thing
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glyc/o
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glucose; sugar
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-graphy
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process of recording
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-scopy
|
visual examination
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-pnea
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breathing
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-plasty
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surgical repair
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-plasm
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formation
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-plasia
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development; formation; growth
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phren/o
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diaphragm; mind
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pharyng/o
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throat;
(pharynx) |
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peri-
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surrounding
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-penia
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deficiency
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ped/o
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child; foot
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-pathy
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disease; emotion
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path/o
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disease
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pan-
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all
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-oma
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tumor; mass; fluid collection
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-ous
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pretaining to
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ot/o
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ear
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-opsy
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view of
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onc/o
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tumor
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-oid
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resembling
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nucle/o
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nucleus
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neur/o
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nerve
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nephr/o
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kidney
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neo-
|
new
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nat/i
|
birth
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-megaly
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enlargment
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-malacia
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softening
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mal-
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bad
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-lysis
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break down; seperation; destruction; loosening
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-logy
|
study of
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lob/o
|
lobe
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leuk/o
|
white
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laryng/o
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voice box
(larynx) |
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kary/o
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nucleus
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-ium
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structure; tissue
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-ist
|
specialist
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-ism
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process; condition
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inguin/o
|
groin
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immun/o
|
immune; protection; safe
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iatr/o
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physician; treatment
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intra-
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within; into
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inter-
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between
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in-
|
in; into; not
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-ia
|
condition
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hyp/o
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deficient; under; below; less than normal
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hist/o
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tissue
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hepat/o
|
liver
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hem/o
|
blood
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hemi-
|
half
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hemat/o
|
blood
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gynec/o
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woman; femal
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-graph
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instrument for recording
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-gram
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record
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gen/o
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producing; forming
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-genic
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produced by or in
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-genesis
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producing; forming
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ex-
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out; away from
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eu-
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good; normal
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erythr/o
|
red
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-er
|
one who
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epi-
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above; upon; on
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entr/o
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intestine;
(usually small intestine) |
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end/o
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in; within
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encephal/o
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brain
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en-
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in; within
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-emia
|
blood condition
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-ectomy
|
removal; excistion; resection
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ec-
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out; outside
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dys-
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bad; painful; difficult; abnormal
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-dynia
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pain
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dia-
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complete; through
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de-
|
lack of; down; less; removal of
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cyt/o
|
cell
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-cyte
|
cell
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cyst/o
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urinary bladder; cyst; sac of fluid
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cost/o
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rid
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contra-
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against; opposite
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coni/o
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dust
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col/o
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colon;
(large intestine) |
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cis/o
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to cut
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cib/o
|
meal
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chrom/o
|
color
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chondr/o
|
cartilage
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cervic/o
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neck; cervix;
(neck of uterus) |
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cephal/o
|
head
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-centesis
|
surgical puncture to remove fluid
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-cele
|
hernia
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cardi/o
|
heart
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carcin/o
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cancer; cancerous
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capn/o
|
carbon dioxide
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bronch/o
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bronchial tube
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brady-
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slow
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-blast
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embryonic; immature
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bi/o
|
life
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axill/o
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armpit
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aut/o
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own; self
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-ary
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pretaining to
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arth/o
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joint
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anti-
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against
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ante-
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before; forward
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angi/o
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vessel;
(blood) |
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ana-
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up: apart; backward; again; anew
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an-
|
no; not; without
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alveol/o
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alveolus; air sac; small sac
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-algia
|
pain
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adip/o
|
fat
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aden/o
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gland
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acr/o
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extremities; top; extream point
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-sclerosis
|
hardening
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-logist
|
specialist
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ad-
|
towards
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cementum
|
the cementum covers, protects, and supports the dentin in the root of the tooth.
(the outter most layer below closest to the root) |
|
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dysphasia
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difficult in swallowing
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ascites
|
abnormal accumulation of fluid in the abdomen.
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lipase
|
pancrea enzyme necessary to digest fats.
|
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paristalsis
|
paristalsis moves the contents through the GI tract at different rates.
|
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dentin
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major tissue composing teeth, covered by the enamel in the crown and a protective layer of cementum in the root.
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pyloric sphincter
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ring of muscle fibers at the distal region of the stomach, where it joins the duodenum.
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lieum
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third part of the small intestine.
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villi
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microscopic projection on the walls of the small intestine that absorb nutrients into the bloodstream.
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intussusception
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telescoping of the intestines.
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volvulus
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twisting of the intestine upon itself.
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(LFT's)
liver function tests |
tests for the presence of enzymes and bilirubin in serum.
(clear fluid that remains after blood has clotted) |
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ALT
|
examples of ALT (alkanine amino transaminase)
Transinubases (enzymes) present in many tissues and elevated in the serum of patients with liver disease. |
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AST
|
AST (aspartate amino trasminase)
AST are transaminase (enzymes) presents in many tissues and elevated in the serum of patients with liver disease. |
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stool culture
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test for microorganisms present in stool
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hemoccult test
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detection of blood in feces
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melena
|
black, tarry stools; feces containing digested blood.
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anal fistula
|
abnormal tube-like passage near the anus.
|
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Crohn disease
|
chronic inflammation of the intestinal tract.
(terminal ileum and colon) |
|
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diverticulosis
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abnormal side pockets (out pouchings)in the intestinal wall.
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ileus
|
failure of peristalsis with obstruction of the intestines.
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rugae
|
ridges on the hard palate and the walls of the stomach.
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flatus
|
gas expelled through the anus.
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hematochezia
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passage of bright, fresh, red blood from the rectum.
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jejunum
|
second part of the small intestine.
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duodenum
|
first part of the large intestine.
(is only 1 foot long) |
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buccal surface
|
the buccal surface (buss/o means cheek) for premolar and molar teeth, lies adjacent to the cheek.
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ac-
|
before meals; (actecibum)
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anabolism
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process of building up body tissue; the constructive phase of metabolism by which cells take from the blood nutrients required for repair or growth.
|
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mensentery
|
the peritoneal fols that encircles the small intestine and connects it to the posterior abdominal wall.
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serum builirubin
|
serum bilirubin levels are elevated in patients with liver disease and jaundice.
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stool guaiac
|
detection of blood in the feces.
|
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cholangiography
|
x-ray examination of the biliary system after injecting contrast into the bile ducts.
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MRI
|
(magentis resonance imaging)
magnetic and radio waves produce images of organs and tissues in all three planes of the body. |
|
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paracentesis
|
surgical puncture to remove fluid from the abdomen.
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BE
|
barium enema
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CT scan
|
computed tomography
|
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EGD
|
esphagogastroduodenoscopy
|
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GERD
|
gastroesophageal reflux disease.
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NPO
|
nothing by mouth
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pc
|
after meals (post cibum)
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po
|
by mouth
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prn
|
as needed
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qid
|
four times a day
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hs
|
at bed time
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periodontal membrane
|
a periodontal membrane surronds the cementum and holds the tooth in place in the tooth socket.
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cholelithiasis
|
gallstones in the gallbladder.
|
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gastroesophageal reflux disease
|
solids and fluids return to the mouth from the stomach.
(GERD) |
|
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ALP
|
alkaline phosphatase (alkaline phospherus) is another enzyme that may be elevated in patients with liver, bone, and other disease.
|
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-emesis
|
vomiting
|
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inguinal hernia
|
an inguinal hernia occurs when a small loop of bowl protrudes through a weak lower abdominal muscle.
|
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labial surface
|
the labial surface (labi/o means lip) for incisoe and canine teeth, is nearest the lips.
|
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computed tomography
|
(CT scan)
x-ray series showing cross-sectional images of internal organs allows visualization. |
|
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barium enema
|
x-ray images of the colon and rectum after injecting barium in to the rectum.
|
|
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colorectal cancer
|
adenocarcinoma of the colon or rectum, or both.
|
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colonis polyposis
|
polyps (benighn growth) protrude from the mucous membrane of the colon.
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cirrhosis
|
chronic degenerative disease of the liver.
|
|
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cardiac sphincter
|
ring of muscles between the esophagus and stomach.
|
|
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amylase
|
enzyme secreted by the pancreas to digest starch.
|
|
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TPN
|
(total parenteral nutrition)
this intravenous (IV) solution contains sugar (dextrose), proteins (amino acid), electrolytes (sodium, potassium, chloride), and vitamins. |
|
|
nasogastric intubation
|
insertion of a tube through the nose into the stomach.
|
|
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GI
|
gastrointestinal
|
|
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MRI
|
magnetic resonance imaging
|
|
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bid
|
twice a day
|
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rectum
|
last section of the colon
|
|
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borborygmus
|
rumbling or gurgling noise produced by the movement of gas, fluid, or both in the gastrointestine tract.
|
|
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defecation
|
expulsion or passage of feces from the body through the anus.
|
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baruim enema
|
(lower gastrointestinal series)
x-ray images of the colon and return after injecting barium into the rectum. |
|
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hiatal hernia
|
an hiatal hernia occurs when the upper part of the stomach protudes upward through the diaphragm.
|
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occlusal edge
|
premolars and molars have an additional occlusal surface (occlusion means to close) that comes in contact with acorresponding tooth in the opposing arch.
|
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pulp
|
soft tissue within a tooth, containing nerves and blood vessels.
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enamel
|
hard; outermost layer of a tooth.
|
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incisor
|
one of four teeth in the dental arch.
|
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stool
|
solid wastes; feces
|
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sigmoid colon
|
lower part of the colon; shaped like an S.
|
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root
|
which lies within the bony tooth socket.
|
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molar
|
sixth, seventh, and eighth teeth from the middle on wither side of the dental arch. Premolas teeth are the fourth and fivth teeth, before the molars.
|
|
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uvula
|
soft tissue hanging from the palate into the mouth.
|
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feces
|
solid waste; stool
|
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crown
|
shows above the gumline.
|
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canine
|
pointed, dog-like teeth, next to the incisors. Also called cusids or eyeteeth.
|
|
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lingua surface
|
opposite to the facial surface, all teeth have a lingual surface (lingual/o means tongue)
|
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incisal
|
incisors & canines have sharp incisal edges.
|
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q4h
|
every four hours
|
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qod
|
every other day
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qd
|
every day
|
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qh
|
every hour
|
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tid
|
three times a day
|
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BM
|
bowel movement
|
|
|
hepititis A
|
hepititis A is a virual hepatitis caused by HAV. It is a benighn disorder spread by contaminated food or water and characterized by slow onset of symptoms.
|
|
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hepitits B
|
hepititis B is a virual hepatitis caused by HBV and is transmitted by blood tranfusion, sexual contact, or the use of contaminated needles or instruments.
|
|
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hepititis C
|
hepititis C is a virual hepatitis caused by HCV and is transmitted by blood tranfusion,or needles inoculation ( such as intravenous drug users sharing needles) the acute illness may prigress to chronic hepatitis.
|
|
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ulcerative colitis
|
chronic inflammation of the colon with presence of ulcers.
|
|
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hemorrhoids
|
swollen, twisted, varicose veins in the rectal region.
|
|
|
periodontal disease
|
inflammation and degeneration of gums, teeth, and surroundinf bones;
(also called pyorrhea (py/o means pus) |
|
|
oral leukoplakia
|
white plawues or pathches (-plakia means plaque) on the mucosa of the mouth.
|
|
|
herpetic stomatitis
|
inflammation of the mouth (gingiva, lips, palatem and tongue) by infection with the herpersvirus.
|
|
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dental caries
|
cavity; decay ofthe tooth.
|
|
|
nausea
|
unpleasent sensation in the stomach and a tendency to vomit.
|
|
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jaundice
|
yello-orange coloration of the skin and other tissues caused by high levels of bilirubin in the blood. (hyperbilirubinema)
|
|
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dirrhea
|
frequent passage of loose watery stool.
|
|
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constipation
|
difficult in passing stools (feces)
|
|
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anorrexia
|
lack of appetite;
(-orexia = appetite) |
|
|
x
|
times
|
|
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lipoma
|
mass of fat, lipid
(lip/o means fat, lipid, -oma means tumor, mass, fluid collection) |
|
|
cholecystolithiasis
|
condition of the gall bladder
|
|
|
-tresia
|
opening
|
|
|
-stenosis
|
tightening; stricture; narrowing
|
|
|
-stasis
|
to stop; control
|
|
|
glysogenolysis
|
break down of glycogen; animal starch.
|
|
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hyperglycemia
|
blood condition exessive sugar.
|
|
|
gluconeogenesis
|
the function of glucose from excess amino acids, fats, or othernoncarbohydrate sources.
|
|
|
achlorhydria
|
condition of no hydrochloric acid.
|
|
|
cholelithiasis
|
abnormal condition of the gall bile stone.
|
|
|
biliary
|
pretaining to the gall bile.
|
|
|
hyperbilrubinemia
|
blood condition abave the biliruben.
|
|
|
stomatitis
|
inflammation of the mouth.
|
|
|
sigmoidoscopy
|
visual examination of sigmoid colon.
|
|
|
sialadenitis
|
inflamation of the salivary gland.
|
|
|
rectocele
|
hernia of the rectum.
|
|
|
pyloroplasty
|
surgically repair the pyloric shpincter.
|
|
|
proctologist
|
specialist of the anus and rectum.
|
|
|
pharyngeal
|
pretaining to the throat.
|
|
|
peritonitis
|
inflammation of the peritoneum.
|
|
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pancreatitis
|
inflamation of the pancreas.
|
|
|
palatoplasty
|
surgically repair of the palate
|
|
|
oral
|
pretaining to the mouth.
|
|
|
endodontist
|
specialist of within the tooth.
|
|
|
periodontist
|
specialist of the surronding teeth.
|
|
|
orthodontist
|
specialist for straight teeth.
|
|
|
submandibular
|
pretaining to under the lower jaw.
|
|
|
sublingual
|
pretaining to under the tongue.
|
|
|
laparoscopy
|
visual examination of the abdomen.
|
|
|
labial
|
pretaining to the lip.
|
|
|
gastrojejunostomy
|
a connection, usually constructed surgically, beteen the stomach and the jejunum.
|
|
|
choledochojejunostomy
|
surgically joining the common bile duct to the jejunum of the small intestine.
|
|
|
ileostomy
|
new opening in the ileum.
|
|
|
ileitis
|
inflammation of the ileum.
|
|
|
ileocecal sphincter
|
restriction of the third part of the small intestine.
|
|
|
hepatomegaly
|
enlargment of the liver.
|
|
|
hepatoma
|
tumor of the liver.
|
|
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hypoglossal
|
pretaining to under the tongue.
|
|
|
gingivitis
|
inflammation of the gum.
|
|
|
gastrostomy
|
new opening of the stomach.
|
|
|
facial
|
pretaining to the face.
|
|
|
enterocolitis
|
inflamation of the intestine, usually the small intestine.
|
|
|
duodenal
|
pretaining to the duodenum.
|
|
|
dentibuccal
|
cheek and teeth.
|
|
|
colonoscopy
|
visual examination of the colon.
|
|
|
colonic
|
pretaining to the colon.
|
|
|
colostomy
|
new opening in the colon; large intestine.
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sholedochotomy
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process of cutting the common bile duct.
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cholecystectomy
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removal of the gall bladder.
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cheilosis
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condition of the lips.
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cecal
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pretaining to the cecum.
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celiac
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pretaining to the belly or abdomen.
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buccal mucosa
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mucuose membrane of the cheek.
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appendectomy
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to remove the appendix.
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perianal
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surronuding or close to the anus.
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protease
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enzyme in protein.
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sialolith
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stone in the saliva, salivary.
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steatorrhea
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flow of fat.
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lipase
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fat enzyme.
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hematochezia
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elimination of waste in the blood.
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choledocholithiasis
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abnormal condition of a stone in the common bile duct
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-phagia
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eating, swallowing
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-plasty
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surgically repair.
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-ptosis
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prolapse; fall; sag
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-ptysis
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spitting
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-spasm
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sudden, involuntary contraction of muscles.
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-uro
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urine; urinary tract.
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-a
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no; not; without
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-y
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condition; process.
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ven/o
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vein
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ab-
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away from.
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-pepsia
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digestion
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-lysis
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destruction; break down; speration
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-emesis
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vomiting
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-ectasis; -ectasia
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stretching; dialation; dilation
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postprandial
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after meals.
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color
(urinalysis test) |
Normal color is yellow or straw color.
Pale means to much water in the urine. Smoky red or brown color means blood in the urine. |
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ph
(urinalysis test) |
This test reveals the chemical nature in the urine.
Range is 0 - 14, normal urine is alittle acidic and measures 6.5. If there is an infection in the bladder it will read alkaline |
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protein
(urinalysis test) |
small amounts are normally found in the urine, but not enough to show a positive result in testing.
If found in the testing it albumin is responsible. Albumin is the major protein in blood plasm, cause could be a leak in the glomerular membrane. |
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glucose
(urinalysis test) |
Sugar is not usually found in the urine.
If it does show, it indecates siabetes mellitus. (excess sugar in the blood stream causeing sugar to spill over into the urine. |
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specific gravity
(urinalysis test) |
Reflects the amount of waste, minerals, adn solids in the urine.
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keytone bodies
(urinalysis test) |
Brake down products resulting from fat catabolism in cells.
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sediment
(urinalysis test) |
abnormal particles found in the urine.
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(PKU) phenylketonuria
(urinalysis test) |
New borns lacking of enzymes. This test is given right after birth to detect it in the blood stream.
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glomerulonephritis
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inflammation of the kidney glomerulus.
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intestitial nephritis
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Inflammation of the renal intestitum. (connective tissue that lies between hte renal tubules)
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nephrolithiasis
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kidney stones (renal calculi)
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nephrotic syndrome
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a group of symptoms caused by exsessive protein loss in the urine. (also called nephrosis)
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polycystic kidney
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multiple fluid filled sacs (cysts) within and upon the kidney.
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renal cell carcinoma
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cancerous tumor of the kidney in adulthood.
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pyelonephritis
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inflammation of the renal pelvis and renal medulla.
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renal failure
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Failure of the kidney to excute wastes and maintain its filtration finctions.
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Wilm tumor
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Maligant tumor of the kidney occuring in childhood.
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urinary tract infection
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Infection of the kidneys, uters, or bladder.
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(BUN) blood urea nitrogen
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Measurement if urea levels in blood.
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creatinine clearance test
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Measures the rate at which creatinine is cleared from the blood by the kidney.
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intravenous pyelogram (IVP)
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x-ray image of the kidneys and uterus after injectiuon of contrast into a vein.
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(KUB) kidneys, ureters, and bladder
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x-ray examination (without contrast) of the kidneys, ureters, and bladder.
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renal angiography
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x-ray examination (with contrast) of the vascular system (blood vessels) of the kidney.
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(VCUG) voiding cystourethrogram
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x-ray record (with contrast) of the urinary bladder, ureters, and irethra while the patient is expelling urine.
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ultrasonography
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Process of imaging urinary tract structures using high frequency sound waves.
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cystoscope
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Direct visual examination of urinary bladder with an endoscope (cystoscope)
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hemodialysis (HD)
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uses an artificial kidney machine that receives waste filled blood from the patients bloodstream, filters it and returns the dialysed blood to the patients body.
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peritoneal (PD)
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using a peritoneal catheter (tube), fluid is introduced into the peritoneal (abdomen) cavity. The fluid causes wastes in the capillaries of the peritoneum to pass out of the bloodstream and into the fluid.
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(ESWL) extracorporeal shock waves lithotripsy
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Shock waves crush urinary tract stones, which then pass from the body in urine.
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renal transplantaion
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Surgical transfer of a complete kidney from a donor to a recipient.
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urinary catheterization
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Passage of a felxible, tubular instrument through the urethra into the urinary bladder.
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ARF
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acute renal failure.
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BUN
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blood urea nitrogen.
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CAPD
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continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis.
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Cath
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catheter, catheterization
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CRF
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Chronic renal; progressive loss of kidney function.
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cysto
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cystoscopic examination
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ESRD
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end-stage renal disease; see CKD
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ESWL
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extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy.
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HD
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hemodialysis
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IVP
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intravenous pylogram
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K+
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potassium; an electrolyte
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KUB
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kidney, ureter,a dn bladder
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Na+
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sodium; an electrolyte
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PD
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perioneal dialysis
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pH
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symbol for degree of acidity or alkalinity.
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PKU
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phenylketonuria
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UA
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urinalysis
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UTI
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urinary tract infection
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