Medical Terminologies

Front 1

The belly, that part of the body that contains all of the structures between the chest and the pelvis

Back 1

abdomen

Front 2

Partial or complete absence of the abdominal muscles so that the outlines of the intestines are visible through the thin, lax, protruding abdominal wall. Also called the "prune belly syndrome

Back 2

Abdominal muscle deficiency syndrome

Front 3

A small motor nerve that has one task: to supply a muscle called the lateral rectus muscle that moves the eye outward

Back 3

Abducent nerve

Front 4

In medicine, the movement of a limb away from the midline of the body.

Back 4

Abduction

Front 5

A wound caused by scraping the skin. A "skinned knee" is a common example

Back 5

Abrasion

Front 6

A swollen, inflamed area where pus gathers

Back 6

Abscess

Front 7

To take in substances through the skin or mucous membranes

Back 7

Absorption

Front 8

To hold back or restrain. For example, to refrain from the use of drugs or alcohol, or from having sexual intercourse.

Back 8

Abstinence

Front 9

Inflammation of the Achilles tendon, the tough sinew that attaches the calf muscle to the back of the calcaneus or heel bone

Back 9

Achilles tendonitis

Front 10

An ancient Chinese method to relieve pain or treat disease by inserting needles into various parts of the body

Back 10

Acupuncture

Front 11

1. of short course. 2. Severe, but of a short duration. Not chronic.

Back 11

Acute

Front 12

The sticking of one surface to another

Back 12

Adhesion

Front 13

Requiring the use of oxygen. Exercise that conditions the heart and lungs by increasing the efficiency of oxygen intake by the body

Back 13

Aerobic

Front 14

The surgical removal of a limb or other appendage because of damage by trauma or as a treatment for a variety of potentially life-threatening ailments.

Back 14

Amputation

Front 15

A noncancerous tumor made up of many blood vessels.

Back 15

Angioma

Front 16

Abnormal stiffening of a joint

Back 16

Ankylosis

Front 17

Deviation from normal

Back 17

Anomaly

Front 18

A scoring method from zero to 10 for describing the health of an infant at birth, based on heart rate, breathing, muscle tone, color and reflex irritability

Back 18

Apgar score

Front 19

Inability to swallow

Back 19

Aphagia

Front 20

A partial or total loss of the power to use or understand words

Back 20

Aphasia

Front 21

Pain in a joint

Back 21

Arthralgia

Front 22

Inflammation of a joint

Back 22

Arthritis

Front 23

A device that allows a baby to move about in a half-seated, half-upright position

Back 23

Baby walker

Front 24

Pain felt in the low or upper back

Back 24

Back pain

Front 25

a term to describe the dynamics of body posture to prevent falling

Back 25

Balance

Front 26

a term to describe the dynamics of body posture to prevent falling

Back 26

Balance

Front 27

one kind of triaxial joint to provide 3-degree-of-freedom motions

Back 27

Ball-and-socket joint

Front 28

A forced movement initiated by muscle actions, but continued by the momentum of the limbs

Back 28

Ballistics Movements

Front 29

the area underneath and between both feet

Back 29

Base of Support

Front 30

Paralysis of the facial nerve, the nerve that supplies the facial muscles on one side of the face. Bell's palsy is also called facial nerve paralysis

Back 30

Bell's palsy

Front 31

the joint that allows movement about two perpendicular axes

Back 31

Biaxial Joint

Front 32

Divided into two parts

Back 32

Bifurcated

Front 33

condition that affects both sides of the body

Back 33

Bilateral

Front 34

the application of the principles and technology of physics and mechanics in the studying of the living systems

Back 34

Biomechanics

Front 35

an important approach to rehabilitation in the care of patients with injuries to the brain

Back 35

Bobath Concept

Front 36

the classification of human body based on the assumptions that are associated to human temperament types

Back 36

Body type

Front 37

an orthopedic device used to correct lateral curvature of the spine or scoliosis

Back 37

Brace

Front 38

slowness in movement

Back 38

Bradykinesia

Front 39

is inflammation of the fluid filled sacs, bursa, that cushion areas of pressure between joints, muscles, and tendons

Back 39

Bursitis

Front 40

any of various malignant neoplasms characterized by the proliferation of anaplastic cells that tend to invade surrounding tissue and metastasize to new body sites

Back 40

CA

Front 41

- Large muscle located at the back of the shin that includes the gastrocnemius and the soleus muscles and is connected to the heel by the Achilles tendon. This is responsible for foot plantarflexion and is instrumental in jumping

Back 41

Calf

Front 42

very loose bone tissue consisting of a 3D lattice of branching trabeculae

Back 42

Cancellous bone

Front 43

any of various malignant neoplasms characterized by the proliferation of anaplastic cells that tend to invade surrounding tissue and metastasize to new body sites

Back 43

Cancer

Front 44

the central bone of the distal row of the carpal bones, which is located between the lunate and the

Back 44

Capitate

Front 45

the plane where the center of mass passes through when an individual stands in the anatomic position

Back 45

Cardinal plane

Front 46

a basic emergency procedure for life support, consisting of artificial respiration and manual external cardiac massage. It is used in cases of cardiac arrest to establish effective circulation and ventilation in order to prevent irreversible cerebral damage resulting from anoxia. External cardiac massage compresses the heart between the lower sternum and the thoracic vertebral column. During compressions, blood is forced into systemic and pulmonary circulation, and venous blood refills the heart when the compression is released. Mouth-to-mask breathing or a mechanical form of ventilation is used concomitantly with CPR to oxygenate the blood being pumped through the circulatory system.

Back 46

Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation

Front 47

artificial establishment of circulation of blood and movement of air into the lungs in a pulseless, non-breathing person.

Back 47

Cardiopulmonary Rususcitation (abbrv. CPR)

Front 48

therapists treat a wide variety of patients with cardiopulmonary disorders or those who have had cardiac or pulmonary surgery.

Back 48

Cardiovascular and Pulmonary Rehabilitation

Front 49

a tunnel that is formed by proximal transverse arch of the hand covered with the flexor retinaculum.

Back 49

Carpal tunnel

Front 50

The sudden death of some brain cells due to lack of oxygen when the blood flow to the brain is impaired by blockage or rupture of an artery to the brain. A CVA is also referred to as a stroke.

Back 50

Cerebrovascular Accident (stroke)

Front 51

clinical signs caused by a lesion of the spinal cord between C1 and C5. They include tetra paresis to tetraplegia or hemi paresis to hemiplegic, hyperreflexia, hypertonic, depressed postural responses and sometimes cervical pain.

Back 51

Cervical Syndrome

Front 52

the term for a group of treatments designed to improve respiratory efficiency, promote expansion of the lungs, strengthen respiratory muscles, and eliminate secretions from the respiratory system

Back 52

Chest Physical Therapy

Front 53

A chest x ray is a procedure used to evaluate organs and structures within the chest for symptoms of disease. Chest x rays include views of the lungs, heart, small portions of the gastrointestinal tract, thyroid gland and the bones of the chest area. X rays are a form of radiation that can penetrate the body and produce an image on an x-ray film. Another name for x ray is radiograph

Back 53

Chest X ray

Front 54

A combination of totals from the red blood cell count, white blood cell count, erythrocyte indices, hematocrit, and differential blood count. Also called blood profile

Back 54

Complete blood count

Front 55

: is a diagnostic imaging procedure that uses a combination of x-rays and computer technology to produce cross-sectional images (often called "slices"), both horizontally and vertically, of the body. A CT scan shows detailed images of any part of the body, including the bones, muscles, fat, and organs. CT scans are more detailed than general x-rays. CT scans also minimize exposure to radiation

Back 55

Computed tomography scan

Front 56

the abnormality existing before or at birth

Back 56

Congenital disease

Front 57

: is generally defined as inability of the heart to supply sufficient blood flow to meet the body's needs. It has various diagnostic criteria, and the term heart failure is often incorrectly used to describe other cardiac-related illnesses, such as myocardial infarction (heart attack) or cardiac arrest

Back 57

Congestive heart failure

Front 58

a narrowing or blockage of the arteries and vessels that provide oxygen and nutrients to the heart. It is caused by atherosclerosis, an accumulation of fatty materials on the inner linings of arteries. The resulting blockage restricts blood flow to the heart. When the blood flow is completely cut off, the result is a heart attack.

Back 58

Coronary Artery Disease

Front 59

radiography of the urinary bladder using a contrast medium, so that the outline of the organ can be seen clearly. This type of examination frequently is part of a complete x-ray study of the kidneys, urethra and ureter as well as the bladder

Back 59

Cystography

Front 60

: Inflammation of a digit (either a finger or a toe)

Back 60

Dactylitis

Front 61

The abnormal formation of the hip joint in which the ball at the top of the thighbone (the femoral head) is not stable within the socket (the acetabulum). The ligaments of the hip joint may also be loose and stretched

Back 61

DDH (developmental dislocation of the hip)

Front 62

is defined by partial or complete hearing loss. Levels of hearing impairment vary from a mild but important loss of sensitivity to a total loss of hearing

Back 62

Deafness

Front 63

The act of debriding (removing dead, contaminated or adherent tissue or foreign material). Debridement encompasses enzymatic debridement (as with proteolytic enzymes), mechanical nonselective debridement (as in a whirlpool), and sharp debridement (by surgery)

Back 63

Debridement

Front 64

Exaggerated posture or extension as a result of a lesion to the prepontine area of the brainstem, and is rarely seen fully developed in humans

Back 64

Decerebrate Posture / Rigidity

Front 65

The loss of cardiovascular or physical fitness as a result of inactivity

Back 65

Deconditioning

Front 66

exaggerated posture of upper extremity flexion and lower extremity extension as a result of a lesion to the mesencephalon or above

Back 66

Decorticate Posture

Front 67

Pressure Sore

Back 67

Decubitus Ulcer

Front 68

Deep vein thrombosis refers to a blood clot in a vein of the upper or lower extremity

Back 68

Deep Vein Thrombosis (DVT)

Front 69

A change from the normal size or shape of an anatomic structure due to mechanical forces that distort an otherwise normal structure.

Back 69

Deformation

Front 70

is one of the most common causes of low back pain, and also one of the most misunderstood

Back 70

Degenerative Disc Disease

Front 71

Also known as osteoarthritis, this type of arthritis is caused by inflammation, breakdown and eventual loss of the cartilage of the joints

Back 71

Degenerative joint disease

Front 72

condition of inflamed skin

Back 72

Dermatitis

Front 73

One of several disorders that interrupt normal development in childhood. They may affect a single area of development (specific developmental disorders) or several (pervasive developmental disorders)

Back 73

Developmental disorder

Front 74

- Identification of a disease or condition by a scientific evaluation of physical signs, symptoms, history, as well as laboratory tests and procedures

Back 74

Diagnosis

Front 75

Preparation for life after rehab, including insurance and legal issues, home adaptation, and community support issues

Back 75

Discharge Planning

Front 76

Complete loss of joint alignment occurring when the bone ends forming the joint articulation contact with each other

Back 76

Dislocation

Front 77

Difficulty in swallowing

Back 77

Dysphagia

Front 78

describes loading a muscle as it lengthens in size

Back 78

Eccentric muscles strengthening

Front 79

abnormal accumulation of fluid in tissues in response to injury

Back 79

Edema

Front 80

used to strengthen muscles and promote healing

Back 80

Electrical stimulation

Front 81

person trained in and responsible for the administration of specialized emergency care and transportation to a medical facility of victims of acute illness or injury; the US Department of Transportation training guidelines for EMTs include a 110-hour course of instruction and clinical time

Back 81

Emergency Medical Technician (EMT)

Front 82

group of neurologic disorders characterized by recurrent episodes of convulsive seizures, sensory disturbances, unusual behavior, loss of consciousness, or all of these; uncontrolled electric discharge from the nerve cells of the cerebral cortex

Back 82

Epilepsy

Front 83

describes the motion of increasing the angle of the joint

Back 83

Extension

Front 84

A so after diagnosis than fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS)

Back 84

FAE (Fetal Alcohol Effects)

Front 85

a characteristic likelihood resulting from the same family but nothing related to the heredity

Back 85

Family tendency

Front 86

the Latin word for "band or bandage

Back 86

Fascia

Front 87

Medical slang for a fascinating case, usually involving a rare disease

Back 87

Fascinoma

Front 88

an accumulation of encapsulated adipose tissue that provides absorption of the shock

Back 88

Fat pad

Front 89

plural of the Latin faux meaning a small passage

Back 89

Fauces

Front 90

the posture that is not an ideal posture

Back 90

Faulty posture

Front 91

cartilage that is composed of numerous thick bundles of collagen fibers

Back 91

Fibrocartilage

Front 92

the tissue that is composed of bundles of collagenous fibers

Back 92

Fibrous tissue

Front 93

a sagittal-plane movement that the segment rotates anterior to the anatomic or the neutral position

Back 93

Flexion

Front 94

an action that changes the state of rest or motion to which it is applied, resulting in acceleration of a body

Back 94

Force

Front 95

a break or crack in the bone or cartilage

Back 95

Fracture

Front 96

the number of cycles of a variable within 1 second

Back 96

Frequency

Front 97

the plane parallel to the coronal suture of the skull, locating vertically from the right to the left, dividing the body into front (anterior) and back (posterior) halves

Back 97

Front panel

Front 98

the axis perpendicular to the sagittal plane, locating horizontally from side to side and parallel to the ground

Back 98

Frontal axis

Front 99

Blood protein that contains most antibodies. Used in the temporary prevention of hepatitis and as treatment for disorders with antibody deficiencies

Back 99

Gamma globulin

Front 100

A benign, knot-like, cystic tumor on a tendon sheath

Back 100

Ganglion cyst

Front 101

The decay of body tissue in a part of the body where the blood supply is obstructed by injury or disease

Back 101

Gangrene

Front 102

Having to do with the stomach

Back 102

Gastric

Front 103

Inflammation of the stomach lining

Back 103

Gastritis

Front 104

: Inflammation of the stomach and the intestines, usually producing symptoms of nausea, vomiting and diarrhea.

Back 104

Gastroenteritis

Front 105

- Condition where the pressure inside the eyeball is increased, possibly causing severe pain and blindness.

Back 105

Glaucoma

Front 106

- Common sexually transmissable disease which is usually spread viy sexual intercourse. If left untreated the disease can lead to arthritis, heart problems and conjunctivitis. It is possible for a mother to pass the disease to her baby during childbirth.

Back 106

Gonorrhoea

Front 107

- Condition caused by an excess of uric acid which leads to inflammation of effected joints, arthritis and destruction of the joint. The kidney may also be damaged with the formation of stones. Deposits can reach the stage where they prevent further movement of the joints and they end up set in one position.

Back 107

Gout

Front 108

- A toe with dorsal flexion of 1st phalanx and plantar flexion of 2nd and 3rd phalanges (aka claw toe).

Back 108

Hammertoe

Front 109

- High Density Lipoprotein, a type of cholesterol thought to help protect against atherosclerosis; "good" cholesterol.

Back 109

HDL Cholesterol

Front 110

- Painful muscle spasms of the arms or legs caused by excessive body heat and depletion of fluids and electrolytes.

Back 110

Heat Cramps

Front 111

- Mild form of shock due to dehydration because of excessive sweating when exposed to heat and humidity.

Back 111

Heat Exhaustion

Front 112

- Condition of rapidly rising internal body temperature that overwhelms the body's mechanisms for release of heat and could result in death if not cared for appropriately.

Back 112

Heat Stroke

Front 113

- Orthotic device that is inserted into the shoe and worn under the heel to give support to the Achilles tendon and help absorb impacts at the heel.

Back 113

Heel Cup

Front 114

- A hard bony shelf the width of the heel bone caused by repeated pulling away of periosteum from the heel bone.

Back 114

Heel Spur

Front 115

- Accumulation of blood within a joint as a result of an acute injury.

Back 115

Hemarthrosis

Front 116

- To protrude through an abnormal body opening.

Back 116

Herniate

Front 117

- Contusion to the iliac crest.

Back 117

Hip Pointer

Front 118

: Congenital disorders of keratinization characterized by noninflammatory dryness and scaling of the skin, often associated with other defects and with abnormalities of lipid metabolism; distinguishable genetically, clinically, microscopically, and by epidermal cell kinetics.

Back 118

Ichthyosis

Front 119

– without apparent cause.

Back 119

Idiopathic

Front 120

– bone fragments wedged together.

Back 120

Impacted fracture

Front 121

– unable to be felt.

Back 121

Impalpable

Front 122

– swelling

Back 122

Imtumescence

Front 123

– in position

Back 123

In situ

Front 124

– lacking in fitness.

Back 124

Incapacitated

Front 125

Hardening

Back 125

Indurations

Front 126

- a wedge of dead tissue, result of an embolus.

Back 126

Infarct

Front 127

– between two bones.

Back 127

Interosseous

Front 128

– exposure to electromagnetic waves.

Back 128

Irradiation

Front 129

: Epidemic typhus, a severe acute (sudden-onset) infectious disease with prolonged high fever up to 40℃ (104℉), intractable headache, and a pink-to-red raised rash. The cause is a microorganism called rickettsia prowazekii. It is found worldwide and is transmitted by lice. The lice become infected on typhus patients and transmit illness to other people. The mortality increases with age and over half of untreated persons age 50 or more die. Also called european, classic, or louse-borne typhus.

Back 129

Jail fever

Front 130

: A mosquito-borne viral infection, the leading cause of viral encephalitis in Asia. Japanese encephalitis virus cannot be transmitted from person-to-person. The Japanese encephalitis virus is transmitted seasonally. In temperate regions, it is transmitted during the summer and early fall, approximately from May to September. In subtropical and tropical areas, seasonal patterns of viral transmission are correlated with the abundance of vector mosquitoes and of vertebrate-amplifying hosts.

Back 130

Japanese encephalitis

Front 131

: A condition, whereby the joints of a particular area are not moving properly. Any sort of physical trauma may bring this about, along with proposed chemical or mental causes.

Back 131

Joint dysfunction

Front 132

: Diminished movement within a joint space.

Back 132

Joint fixation

Front 133

: A common benign childhood condition involving hypermobile joints (that can move beyond the normal range of motion). Symptoms include pains in knees, fingers, hips, and elbows. The affected joints may sprain or dislocate. Scoliosis (curvature of the spine) is more frequent. Usually improves with adulthood. Also called the hypermobility syndrome

Back 133

Joint hypermobility syndrome

Front 134

: The area between two bones where movement occurs. If movement is abnormal, pain and degeneration may occur.

Back 134

Joint

Front 135

: A popular term for hay fever. Although the symptoms of a "June cold" may be quite similar to those of a real cold, the term "June cold" is a misnomer. Unlike a real cold, it is not caused by a virus, but by allergy. It is therefore also known as allergic rhinitis a runny nose due to an allergy.

Back 135

June cold

Front 136

: Type 1 Diabetes is called Juvenile Diabetes as the onset of it begins in childhood. Children diagnosed with juvenile diabetes are insulin dependent. Insulin is the hormone that enables our body to convert the food we eat into energy which is necessary to function normally. Current research indicates that juvenile diabetes is an auto-immune disorder, similar to other disorders such as; rheumatoid arthritis or multiple sclerosis. A small percentage of individuals may also develop thyroid conditions.

Back 136

Juvenile Diabetes

Front 137

: An autosomal dominant disorder in which polyps develop throughout the gastrointestinal tract in the first decade or two of life. People with the disease are at increased risk for developing gastrointestinal cancers. There can also be diarrhea, GI bleeding, and protein-losing from the intestinal wall.

Back 137

Juvenile polyposis

Front 138

: Joints are the places where bones meet. Arthritis can prevent people from moving their joints properly.

Back 138

Juvenile rheumatoid

Front 139

- are exercises that strengthen the pelvic floor muscles, which support the uterus, bladder and bowel. In doing so they help decrease urinary incontinence that may be experienced with aging or after child birth.

Back 139

Kegel exercises

Front 140

- a painful condition characterized by avascular necrosis of the lunate

Back 140

Kienböck's Disease

Front 141

: a series of connected segment links

Back 141

kinematic chain

Front 142

- a branch of mechanics that describe the position and motion of a body in space, without regard to the forces or torques that may produce the motion

Back 142

Kinematics

Front 143

: the study of human movement

Back 143

kinesiology

Front 144

- a branch of mechanics that concerns with forces that produce, arrest, and modify motions of bodies

Back 144

Kinetics

Front 145

- is a rare disease, initially reported in 1912 by Maurice Klippel and André Feil from France, characterized by the congenital fusion of any 2 of the 7 cervical vertebrae. In fact, "Klippel-Feil syndrome" occurs in a heterogeneous group of patients unified only by the presence of a congenital defect in the formation or segmentation of the cervical spine.

Back 145

Klippel–Feil syndrome

Front 146

- The knee joint is surrounded by three major bursae. At the tip of the knee, over the kneecap bone, is the prepatellar bursa. This bursa can become inflamed (prepatellar bursitis) from direct trauma to the front of the knee.

Back 146

Knee bursitis

Front 147

- describes an abnormal curvature of the spine in both a coronal and sagittal plane. It is a combination of kyphosis and scoliosis.

Back 147

Kyphoscoliosis

Front 148

also called hunchback, is a common condition of a curvature of the upper back. It can be either the result of degenerative diseases (such asarthritis), developmental problems, osteoporosis with compression fractures of the vertebrae, and/or trauma.

Back 148

Kyphosis

Front 149

A ring of fibrocartilage that surrounds the articular surface with a triangular shape in cross-section.

Back 149

Labrum

Front 150

is a childhood disorder. A major feature of LKS is the gradual or sudden loss of the ability to understand and use spoken language.

Back 150

Landau-Kleffner syndrome (LKS)

Front 151

A particularly virulent form of Guillain-Barre syndrome. The disorder often begins with a flu-like illness that brings on general physical weakness, but is then characterized by rapidly progressing paralysis that starts in the legs and arms, and may move on (ascend) to affect the breathing muscles and face

Back 151

Landry's ascending paralysis

Front 152

Ligament of the knee along the lateral aspect that connects the femur to the fibula. It provides lateral stability to the joint.

Back 152

Lateral Collateral Ligament (abbrv. LCL

Front 153

A frontal-plane movement that rotates away from the midline, usually used to describe trunk or neck movement

Back 153

Lateral flexion

Front 154

A transverse-plane movement that the anterior aspect of the segment rotates outwards

Back 154

Lateral rotation

Front 155

Muscle contraction with the length of the entire muscle lengthened

Back 155

Lengthening contraction

Front 156

: The curve of total tension developed by a muscle plotted against its muscle length.

Back 156

Length-tension curve

Front 157

- A disturbance of lipid (fat) metabolism that involves the partial or total absence of fat and often the abnormal deposition and distribution of fat in the body.

Back 157

Lipodystrophy syndrome

Front 158

- which literally means smooth brain, is a rare brain formation disorder caused by defective neuronal migration during the 12th to 24th weeks of gestation, resulting in a lack of development of brain folds (gyri) and grooves (sulci)

Back 158

Lissencephaly

Front 159

- Osteogenesis imperfecta type I. An inherited, generalized connective tissue disorder featuring bone fragility and blue sclerae (blue whites of the eyes).

Back 159

Lobstein's disease

Front 160

: An imaging line that extends within and parallel to a long bone or body segment.

Back 160

Longitudinal axis

Front 161

: One type of connective tissues that is characterized by fibers in a random organization.

Back 161

Loose connective tissue

Front 162

: All positions other than the closed-packed position.

Back 162

Loose-packed position

Front 163

- is a medical term used to describe an inward curvature of a portion of the vertebral column.

Back 163

Lordosis

Front 164

- is a common musculoskeletal disorder affecting 80% of people at some point in their lives.

Back 164

Low back pain (or lumbago)

Front 165

- is a degenerative condition which affects the lower spine.

Back 165

Lumbar spondylosis

Front 166

: The central bone of the proximal row of the carpal bones, which is located between the radius and the capitate as well as between the scaphoid and the triquetrum.

Back 166

Lunate

Front 167

also known as lymphatic obstruction, is a condition of localized fluid retention and tissue swelling caused by a compromised lymphatic system.

Back 167

Lymphedema

Front 168

: a physical quantity of matter composing a body

Back 168

Mass

Front 169

: the basic substance in the universe, composed of atoms and molecules and occupying only one place at a time.

Back 169

Matter

Front 170

The maximal volume of oxygen consumed per unit of time

Back 170

Maximal Aerobic Power

Front 171

also known as Rubeola, is an infection of the respiratory system caused by a virus.

Back 171

Measles

Front 172

a measure of the state of a body at an instant in time as to its ability to do work (Winter, 1990)

Back 172

mechanical energy

Front 173

: a branch of applied mechanics that develops relationship between the external loads applied to a deformable body and the internal forces acting within the body

Back 173

Mechanics of materials

Front 174

: a branch of physics that analyzes the actions of forces on particles and mechanical system, including statistics and dynamics.

Back 174

Mechanics

Front 175

: the first fecal material passed by the new born.

Back 175

Meconium

Front 176

: one of four ligaments those are critical to the stability of the knee joint.

Back 176

Medial Collateral Ligament

Front 177

: the plane parallel to the sagittal suture of the skull, locating vertically from the back to the front, dividing the body into left and right halves

Back 177

median plane

Front 178

: a substance through which the wave is transmitted or carried on

Back 178

Medium

Front 179

: onset of menstruation.

Back 179

Menarche

Front 180

: urination or voiding.

Back 180

Micturition

Front 181

constricted pupils.

Back 181

Miosis

Front 182

enlarge pupils.

Back 182

Mydriasis

Front 183

: suggests an origin in the bone marrow or spinal cord.

Back 183

Myeloid

Front 184

cardiac tissue necrosis owing to obstractor of blood flow to the heart.

Back 184

Myocardial infarction-heart attack:

Front 185

: also known as muscle cell.

Back 185

Myocyte

Front 186

: nearsightedness.

Back 186

Myopia

Front 187

- (1)one of the carpal bones that is located between the radius and the distal row of the carpal bone (the trapezium and trpezoid). (2) one of the tarsal bones that is located between the talus and the first cuneiform.

Back 187

Navicular bone

Front 188

: an examination and dissection of a dead body to determine cause of death or the changes produced by disease

Back 188

Necropsy

Front 189

: A penetrating stab wound from a needle (or other sharp object) that may result in exposure to blood or other body fluids. The main concern is exposure to the blood or other body fluids of another person who may be carrying infectious disease.

Back 189

Needlestick injury

Front 190

: Any kidney disease. For example, there is diabetic nephropathy, gouty nephropathy, HIV-associated nephropathy, ischemic nephropathy, sickle cell nephropathy, and so on. From the Greek "nephros" (kidney) + "pathos" (disease).

Back 190

Nephropathy

Front 191

- is an enclosed, cable-like bundle of peripheral axons. Provides a common pathway for the electrochemical nerve impulses that are transmitted along each of the axons.

Back 191

Nerve

Front 192

: A surgical removal of a nerve or part of a nerve.

Back 192

Neurectomy

Front 193

- is a dicipline focused on working with individuals who have a neurological disorder or disease.

Back 193

Neurological physical Therapy

Front 194

- The medical specialty concerned with the diagnosis and treatment of disorders of the nervous system - the brain, the spinal cord, and the nerves.

Back 194

Neurology

Front 195

Any of various mental or emotional disorders, such as hypochondria or neurasthenia, arising from no apparent organic lesion or change and involving symptoms such as insecurity, anxiety, depression, and irrational fears, but without psychotic symptoms such as delusions or hallucinations. No longer in scientific use.

Back 195

Neurosis

Front 196

- the muscles that contracts together to rule out unwanted motions.

Back 196

Neutralizer

Front 197

- one type of erect stance that is characterizes by one knee is stabilized by the contralateral foot and balance is maintained by light hand support.

Back 197

Nilotic stance

Front 198

: The failure or refusal to comply: the failure or refusal to conform and adapt one's actions to a rule or to necessity.

Back 198

Noncompliance

Front 199

- are drugs with analgesic and antipyretic (fever-reducing) effects and which have, in higher doses, anti-inflammatory effects.

Back 199

Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (abbrev. NSAID)

Front 200

- is permanent failure of healing following a broken bone.

Back 200

Nonunion fracture

Front 201

- the extent of deformation relative to its initial condition under the normal stress.

Back 201

Normal strain

Front 202

the intensity of internal force acting perpendicular to a plane.

Back 202

Normal stress -

Front 203

: Normal levels of oxygen

Back 203

Normoxia

Front 204

Deprived of physical sensation or the ability to move

Back 204

Numbness

Front 205

: Night blindness, impaired vision in dim light and in the dark, due to impaired function of certain specialized vision cells (the rods) in the retina.

Back 205

Nyctalopia

Front 206

: Rapid rhythmic repetitious involuntary (unwilled) eye movements. Nystagmus can be horizontal, vertical or rotary.

Back 206

Nystagmus

Front 207

- An orthopedic appliance or apparatus used to support, align, prevent, or correct deformities or to improve the function of movable parts of the body.

Back 207

Orthotics

Front 208

- The state of being well above one's normal weight.

Back 208

Obesity

Front 209

- To dull or blunt. From the Latin obtundere, to blunt.

Back 209

Obtund

Front 210

- Pertaining to the occiput, the back of head./
Located near the occipital bone as, for example, the occipital lobe of the brain.

Back 210

Occipital

Front 211

- A hematoma (collection of blood) in the occipital region (at the back of the head). An occipital hematoma may be either subdural or epidural.

Back 211

Occipital hematoma

Front 212

- A licensed health professional who is trained to evaluate patients with joint conditions, such as arthritis, to determine the impact the disease on their activities of daily living.

Back 212

Occupational therapist

Front 213

- A genetic disorder that affects many body structures and systems, including the eyes, face, teeth, fingers and toes, and may also cause hearing loss, heart trouble and neurological problems.

Back 213

Oculodentodigital dysplasia

Front 214

- Inflammation of four or fewer joints.

Back 214

Oligoarthritis

Front 215

- is a term used to define neuronal degeneration in the cerebellum, pontine nuclei, and inferior olivary nucleus. The use of the term has changed considerably in recent years due to the progressing knowledge of the genetic basis of the disease.

Back 215

Olivopontocerebellar atrophy

Front 216

- One of the two main types of braces used to correct the lateral (sideways) curve of the spine in scoliosis.

Back 216

Orthosis, thoracolumbosacral (TLSO)

Front 217

- a method of 'feeling' with patients during a physical examination by touching and feeling with fingers or hands

Back 217

Palpation

Front 218

: a method of 'feeling' with patients during a physical examination by touching and feeling with fingers or hands

Back 218

Palpation

Front 219

- the muscle whose fibers arranged parallel to its force-generating axis

Back 219

Parallel-fiber muscle

Front 220

- he motion caused by sources other than muscle contraction

Back 220

Passive motion

Front 221

- a quantity perceived by patient him/herself to demonstrate the difficulties of 3 unable activities

Back 221

Patient-specific functional scale

Front 222

- he maximum torque value generated by a muscle contraction

Back 222

Peak torque

Front 223

- Pediatric physical therapy assists in early detection of health problems and uses a wide variety of modalities to treat disorders in the pediatric population.

Back 223

Pediatric Physical Therapy

Front 224

- a method used to "listen" to the sounds of the body during a physical examination

Back 224

Percussion

Front 225

: a method used to "listen" to the sounds of the body during a physical examination

Back 225

Percussion

Front 226

- treatment of disorders of the muscles, bones and joints along with strokes, arthritis, and nerve damage by means of physical agents: heat/cold, laser, water, electronic therapy and manual therapy (massage, myofacial release, joint manipulation) with exercises and muscle re-education.

Back 226

Physical Therapy

Front 227

- movements occurring between two segments (bones) relative to the three cardinal planes

Back 227

Physiological movement

Front 228

- the biologic study of living organisms

Back 228

Physiology

Front 229

: the act to squeeze or grab something between 2 fingers

Back 229

Pinch

Front 230

: a fold or a ridge of a soft tissue

Back 230

plica

Front 231

a test to assess the postural deviation using a plumb line

Back 231

plumb line test:

Front 232

: a faulty relationship of the various parts of the body which produce increased strain on the supporting structures and in which there is less efficient balance of the body over its base of support

Back 232

poor posture

Front 233

: any deviation from the ideal or good posture

Back 233

postural deviation

Front 234

: the muscle that acts to prevent collapse of the skeleton

Back 234

postural muscle

Front 235

: the timing and amplitude of the coordinated motor patterns at many joints in order to adjust (reactive or proactive) posture and balance

Back 235

postural sway strategy

Front 236

: the act of gripping something with the hands

Back 236

prehension

Front 237

: Obtuse angle formed by the patellar tendon and the patellar ligament.

Back 237

Q-Angle

Front 238

- A walking cane with a rectangle base and four small supports that contact the floor.

Back 238

Quad cane

Front 239

: Jumper's Knee.

Back 239

Quadricep Tendinitis

Front 240

- A large four-part muscle at the front of the thigh that facilitates knee extension.

Back 240

Quadriceps

Front 241

- a sudden contraction of the anterior muscles of the thigh, caused by a smart tap on the patellar tendon while the leg hangs loosely at a right angle with the thigh.

Back 241

Quadriceps reflex

Front 242

- occur relatively infrequently and usually occur in patients older than 40 years. A strong association exists with numerous systemic diseases and prior degenerative changes in the knee extensor mechanism. Ruptures most often occur unilaterally. Bilateral ruptures are highly correlated with systemic disease but have been reported in healthy patients who do not have predisposing factors.

Back 242

Quadriceps Tendon Tear

Front 243

- Weakness of all four limbs, both arms and both legs, as for example from muscular dystrophy.

Back 243

Quadriparesis

Front 244

- extension of the arm of a hemiplegic patient when turned prone as if on all fours.

Back 244

Quadripedal extensor reflex

Front 245

- Paralysis of all four limbs, both arms and both legs, as from a high spinal cord accident or stroke.

Back 245

Quadriplegia

Front 246

- Pertaining to quadriplegia (paralysis of all four limbs -- both arms and both legs), as from a high spinal cord accident.

Back 246

Quadriplegic

Front 247

- a stance posture that an individual stands still with both feet apart naturally and without any self-initiated motions.

Back 247

Quiet stance

Front 248

. - Rest, Ice, Compression, and Elevation.

Back 248

R.I.C.E

Front 249

: one kind of wrist motions that the hand moves away from the midline when the individual stands in an anatomic position.

Back 249

Radial deviation

Front 250

- a nuclear imaging technique that uses a very small amount of radioactive material, which is injected into the patient's bloodstream to be detected by a scanner. This test shows blood flow to the bone and cell activity within the bone.

Back 250

Radionuclide bone scan

Front 251

- the shorter of the two bones of the forearm

Back 251

.Radius

Front 252

- Levels of a patient's response to external stimuli and the environment following a brain injury.

Back 252

Rancho scales

Front 253

- the extent that a joint will move from full extension to full flexion.

Back 253

Range of motion

Front 254

(abbrv. ROM): the range that a joint is allowed to move

Back 254

Range of motion

Front 255

: the slope of force-time curve before the maximum strength reaches

Back 255

Rate of tension development

Front 256

: the planes used to describe human motion in context of a person standing in the anatomic position

Back 256

Reference plane

Front 257

: return of a wave from a surface that it strikes into the medium through which it has travelled

Back 257

Reflection

Front 258

- the process of helping a person achieve the highest level of function, independence, and quality of life possible. From the Latin "habilitas," which means to make able.

Back 258

Rehabilitation

Front 259

: the position where is the least congruent position, resulting in the greatest mechanical mobility for that joint

Back 259

Rest position

Front 260

- posterior slippage of one vertebra onto another.

Back 260

Retrolisthesis

Front 261

: a study that looks backwards in time so that the outcomes have occurred to the participants before the study commences

Back 261

Retrospective study

Front 262

: a posterior turning of a structure in the horizontal plane, e.g. the humeral head

Back 262

Retroversion

Front 263

- an inflammatory disease that involves the lining of the joint (synovium). The inflammation often affects the joints of the hands and the feet and tends to occur equally on both sides of the body.

Back 263

Rheumatoid arthritis

Front 264

: a chronic inflammatory arthritis characterized by stiffness and inflammation of the joints, weakness, loss of mobility, and deformity

Back 264

Rheumatoid arthritis

Front 265

: an object that no relative displacement can occur between the particle when forces are applied to the bodyf

Back 265

Rigid body

Front 266

- increased resistance to the passive movement of a limb.

Back 266

Rigidity

Front 267

: one type of motion in which a body acts as a radius and all parts of the moving body rotate in the same angular direction and follow a circular path about a pivot point.

Back 267

Rotary motion

Front 268

- muscles and tendons that form a cuff over the shoulder joint and attach to the scapula to the bone in the upper arm (humerus); major function is to control and produce rotation of the shoulder.

Back 268

Rotator cuff

Front 269

: the muscle group for shoulder rotation, including supraspinatus, infraspinatus, teres minor, and subscapularis.

Back 269

Rotator cuff

Front 270

- Refers to the fused segments of the lower vertebrae or lowest spinal cord segments below the lumbar level

Back 270

Sacral

Front 271

- the joint that each articular surface is convex in one dimension and concave in the other to provide 2-degree-of-freedom motions

Back 271

Saddle joint

Front 272

- the axis perpendicular to the frontal plane, locating horizontally from the front (anterior) to the back (posterior) and parallel to the ground

Back 272

Sagittal axis

Front 273

- one of the carpal bones that is located between the radius and the distal row of the carpal bone (the trapezium and trapezoid)

Back 273

Scaphoid

Front 274

- An organized multi-disciplinary system of care including acute treatment, rehabilitation and lifetime follow-up services for spinal cord injured individuals.

Back 274

SCI Care System

Front 275

: refers to a condition where the sciatic nerve is compressed and results in pain radiating down the leg.

Back 275

Sciatica

Front 276

- the angle of one body segment which is measured in a counter-clockwise direction starting with the horizontal plane equal to 0°

Back 276

Segment angle

Front 277

- The process of emptying the bladder as needed, on one's own. This procedure minimizes the risk of infection, and is typically easier for men. Women need to use a mirror. People with tetraplegia may need help if hand function is impaired. Can be done “sterile,” with no touching of special cath equipment, or “clean,” which doesn't require time-consuming and more expensive sterile conditions.

Back 277

Self-Catheterization

Front 278

- a stance posture that an individual is subject to a perturbation from his/her changing posture

Back 278

Self-perturbed stance

Front 279

- Feelings from the body: hot, cold, pain, touch.

Back 279

Sensory Level

Front 280

: failure of the circulatory system to perfused tissues; hypo perfusion of the circulatory system

Back 280

Shock

Front 281

- muscle contraction with the length of the entire muscle shortened

Back 281

Shortening contraction

Front 282

- a frontal-plane movement that rotates away from the midline, usually used to describe trunk or neck movement

Back 282

Side bending

Front 283

- Hyperactive muscles that move or jerk involuntarily. Spasms may be caused by bladder infections, skin ulcers, and any other sensory stimulus. Such uncontrolled muscle activity is caused by excessive reflex activity below the level of lesion. Some spasticity can be beneficial for circulation and muscle tone. If severe, though, spasms can interfere with normal activities, and can hasten contractions as muscles shorten.

Back 283

Spasticity

Front 284

: is a condition in which certain muscles are continuously contracted.

Back 284

Spasticity

Front 285

- Someone trained to help others improve their ability to communicate.

Back 285

Speech Therapist

Front 286

- Field that works to improve people's communication skills, including their speech, listening and writing skills, and their ability to think, swallow and problem solve.

Back 286

Speech Therapy

Front 287

- one kind of triaxial joint to provide 3-degree-of-freedom motions

Back 287

Spheroidal joint

Front 288

- Impairment or loss of motor and sensory function in the cervical, thoracic, lumbar, or sacral neurologic segments secondary to damage of neural elements within the spinal canal.

Back 288

Spinal Cord Injury

Front 289

: critical trauma patient care that involves the maintenance of the spinal column, in-line, in place so that further injury to that area will be prevented during patient removal or handling

Back 289

Spinal Immobilization

Front 290

- Similar to concussion in the brain, spinal shock causes the system to shut down. In spinal cord injury, shock causes immediate flaccid (lack of muscle tone) paralysis, which lasts about three or four weeks.

Back 290

Spinal Shock

Front 291

: A catheter surgically inserted into the bladder by incision above the pubis, or the hipline.

Back 291

Suprapubic Catheter

Front 292

: occurs when anterior displacement of a vertebra or the vertebral column in relation to the vertebrae below occurs.

Back 292

Spondylolisthesis

Front 293

: refers an injury sustained to a ligament in the body.

Back 293

Sprain

Front 294

: formal guidelines developed by emergency organizations to assist in preplanned emergency operations and procedures before the incident

Back 294

Standard Operating Procedures (SOP's)

Front 295

: abnormal, high-pitched, musical sound caused by an obstruction in the trachea or larynx; usually heard during inspiration

Back 295

Stridor

Front 296

- partial dislocation of a joint without rupture of the joint capsule

Back 296

Subluxation

Front 297

- an articulation between bones that is held together by dense irregular connective tissues

Back 297

Synarthrosis

Front 298

: brief lapse in consciousness

Back 298

Syncope

Front 299

: "To Keep Open" rate of infusing the IV solution; it is also referred to as KVO (Keep Vein Open); it is equal to approximately 8 to 15 drops per minute

Back 299

T.K.O. Rate

Front 300

: condition in which the heart contracts at a rate greater than 100 beats per minute
third metacarpal as well as between the hamate and the trapezoid.

Back 300

Tachycardia

Front 301

: band of cloth or plastic placed around an extremity and twisted or knotted to increase pressure so that blood flow below the band is interrupted or stopped; last resort measure used to control severe bleeding

Back 301

Tourniquet

Front 302

a stroke-like neurologic deficit that completely resolves within minutes to hours; also called a mini-stroke

Back 302

Transient Ischemic Attack (TIA):

Front 303

- A cavity in the skin surface or mucous membrane which may become inflamed and fail to heal, this can include bed sores and varicose ulcers, which are caused by defective circlulation, as well as duodenal ulcers, gastric ulcers and peptic ulcers.

Back 303

Ulcer

Front 304

- Colitis ulceration of the colon with pain, painless diarrhoea which may contain blood and mucous. It can lead to cancer of the colon if it persists for many years.

Back 304

Ulcerative

Front 305

: A disorder evident at birth characterized bymuscle weakness, contractures of multiple joints, and hyperextensibility (looseness) of joints, particularly distal joints (well away from the trunk). The muscle weakness progresses slowly and ranges from mild to severe. The disease is inherited as anautosomal recessive trait and is associated with mutations in several genes, including COL6A2 and COL6A3 on chromosome 2q37, adversely affecting the synthesis(production) of collagen VI. The disease was first described as "congenital atonic-sclerotic muscular dystrophy,"

Back 305

Ullrich congenital muscular dystrophy

Front 306

: The larger of the two long bones within the forearm. is on the same side of the arm as the little finger.

Back 306

Ulna

Front 307

: A major nerve in the upper extremity.

Back 307

Ulnar nerve

Front 308

: High-frequency sound waves. Ultrasound waves can be bounced off of tissues using special devices.

Back 308

Ultrasound

Front 309

: A method for determining the lean body mass. This method weighs a person underwater and then calculates the lean body mass (muscle) and body fat. This method is one of the more accurate ones. However, it is generally done in special research facilities, and the equipment is costly. Also called hydrostatic weighing

Back 309

Underwater weighing

Front 310

: Consisting of one cell only. Some organisms, such as bacteria, are unicellular

Back 310

Unicellular

Front 311

: Having one horn or being horn-shaped. The uterus is normally unicornuate.

Back 311

Unicornuate

Front 312

- Bones: Scapula, humerus, radius, ulna, # of carpals = 7 (with talus part of ankle joint), # of metacarpals (5), # of phalanges/phalanx .

Back 312

Upper Extremity

Front 313

superior (top) segment of the leg: the part above the knee.

Back 313

Upper leg

Front 314

: A neuron that starts in the motor cortex of the brain and terminates within the medulla (another part of the brain) or within the spinal cord. Damage to upper motor neurons can result in spasticity and exaggerated reflexes.

Back 314

Upper motor neuron

Front 315

- Brain nerve cells that initiate voluntary movements by sending an electrical impulse down their axons lying in the spinal cord to stimulate lower motor neurons.

Back 315

Upper Motor Neurons

Front 316

- The canal, extending from the bladder, through which urine leaves the body.

Back 316

Urethra

Front 317

- Inflammation of the passage from the bladder through which urine passes.

Back 317

Urethritis

Front 318

- Rash, much like nettle rash. The condition is usually caused by an allergy to shellfish or other foods, to some drugs, as well as stress and exposure to certain plants such as nettles and poison ivy.

Back 318

Urticaria

Front 319

- Any infection of any of the organs of the urinary tract, including but not restricted to cystitis, pyelonephritis, urethritis.

Back 319

UTI (Urinary Tract Infection)

Front 320

: 1. a frontal-plane deformity that the distal segment deviates laterally in relation to its proximal segment
Valgus: 1. the phenomenon that the distal segment bent outward in the frontal plane and angled away from the midline of the body 2. a frontal-plane deformity that the distal segment deviates laterally in relation to its proximal segment

Back 320

Valgum

Front 321

- The Valsalva maneuver in which a person tries to exhale forcibly with a closed glottis (windpipe) so that no air goes out through the mouth or nose.

Back 321

Valsalva

Front 322

: 1. a frontal-plane deformity that the distal segment deviates medially in relation to its proximal segment 2. a location of an object in computer programming

Back 322

Vara

Front 323

- A common scrotal condition characterized by elongation and enlargement of the network of veins leaving the testis which join to form the testicular vein.

Back 323

Varicocele

Front 324

- A dilated (widened) tortuous (twisting) vein, usually involving a superficial vein in the leg, often associated with incompetency of the valves in the vein.

Back 324

Varicose Vein

Front 325

- An enlarged and convoluted vein, artery or lymphatic vessel.

Back 325

Varix

Front 326

: 1. a frontal-plane deformity that the distal segment deviates medially in relation to its proximal segment

Back 326

Varum

Front 327

Angled inward, bent or twisted inward, as in cubitus varus, hallux varus, talipes equinovarus, genu varum, and coxa vara.

Back 327

Varus

Front 328

: An abnormal position, where part of a limb is twisted inward, toward the midline

Back 328

Varus

Front 329

- The tube connecting the testes with the urethra. The vas deferens is a coiled duct that conveys sperm from the epididymis to the ejaculatory duct and the urethra.

Back 329

Vas Deferens

Front 330

- A group of headaches felt to involve abnormal sensitivity of the blood vessels (arteries) in the brain to various triggers which results in rapid changes in the artery size due to spasm (constriction).

Back 330

Vascular Headache

Front 331

: Inflammation of the blood vessel walls.

Back 331

Vasculitis

Front 332

- Widening of blood vessels resulting from relaxation of the muscular wall of the vessels. What widens is actually the diameter of the interior (the lumen) of the vessel.

Back 332

Vasodilation

Front 333

: Individual bones which make up the spinal column

Back 333

Vertebra

Front 334

: The front portion of the individual vertebra

Back 334

Vertebral Body

Front 335

: Generic term for any repair or reconstruction of a vertebral body. Titanium vertebral cages or bone allografts are common ways of replacing damaged vertebral bodies.

Back 335

Vertebroplasty

Front 336

: 1. the axis perpendicular to the transverse plane, vertically from the top (superior) to the bottom (inferior) and perpendicular to the ground

Back 336

Vertical axis

Front 337

- rolling gait in which the weight-bearing hip is not stabilized; it bulges outward with each step, while the opposite side of the pelvis drops, resulting in alternating lateral trunk movements; due to gluteus medius muscle weakness, and seen with muscular dystrophies, among other disorders.

Back 337

Wadding gait

Front 338

: A venerable device used in biochemistry for measuring brathing (respiration) by tissues. Tissue slices are enclosed in a chamber in which the temperature and pressure are monitored and the amount of gas produced or consumed by the tissue is measured.

Back 338

Warburg apparatus

Front 339

- An anticoagulant with the same actions as dicumarol; also used as a rodenticide; also available as the potassium salt, with the same actions and uses.

Back 339

Warfarin

Front 340

: A local growth of the outer layer of the skin (the epidermis) caused by a virus.

Back 340

Wart

Front 341

- midbrain tegmentum lesion characterized by ipsilateral oculomotor nerve paresis and contralateral paralysis of the extremities, face, and tongue.

Back 341

Weber Syndrome

Front 342

An uncommon type of inflammation of small arteries and veins (vasculitis) that classically involves the vessels supplying the tissues of the lungs, nasal passages (sinuses), and kidneys

Back 342

Wegener's granulomatosis

Front 343

- popular term for flexion-extension injury.

Back 343

Whiplash injury

Front 344

- a rare condition characterized by steatorrhea, frequently generalized lymphadenopathy, arthritis, fever, and cough; many “foamy” macrophages are found in the jejunal lamina propria; caused by Tropheryma whippleii. May lead to progressive malnutrition, dementia, and if untreated, death.

Back 344

Whipple disease

Front 345

cells which circulate in the blood and lymphatic system and harbor in the lymph glands and spleen. They are part of the immune system responsible for both directly (T cells and macrophages) and indirectly (B cells producing antibodies) attacking foreign invaders of the body.

Back 345

White blood cells

Front 346

An infectious illness, also called melioidosis, that is most frequent in Southeast Asia and Northern Australia and is caused by a bacteria called "Pseudomonas pseudomallei" found in soil, rice paddies and stagnant waters. Humans catch the disease by inhalation of contaminated dust or when soil contaminated by the bacteria comes in contact with abraded (scraped) skin.

Back 346

Whitmore's disease

Front 347

Also known as pertussis, this is a feared infectious disease that can strike the respiratory system and affect other organs of the body.

Back 347

Whooping cough

Front 348

:: Depression that tends to occur (and recur) as the days grow shorter in the fall and winter. It is believed that affected persons react adversely to the decreasing amounts of light and the colder temperatures as the fall and winter progress. Winter depression is also known as seasonal affective disorder (SAD) and the hibernation reaction.

Back 348

Winter depression

Front 349

- a group of morbid symptoms, including excitability and irritability, occurring in an addicted person who is deprived of the accustomed dose of the addicting substance.

Back 349

Withdrawal symptoms

Front 350

: Also known as trench fever, a disease borne by body lice that was first recognized in the trenches of World War I, when it is estimated to have affected more than a million people in Russia and on the fronts in Europe. Trench fever was again a major problem in the military in World War II and is seen endemically in Mexico, Africa, E. Europe, and elsewhere. Urban trench fever occurs among the homeless people and people with alcoholism today.

Back 350

Wolhynia fever

Front 351

Abbreviation for the Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome, a condition caused by an abnormality in the electrical system of the heart which normally tells the heart muscle when to contract.

Back 351

WPW syndrome

Front 352

: A dystonia that affects the muscles of the hand and sometimes the forearm and only occurs during handwriting. Similar focal dystonias have also been called typist’s cramp, pianist’s cramp, musician’s cramp, and golfer’s cramp.

Back 352

Writer’s cramp

Front 353

–contraindication for ultraviolet irradiation therapy (a chronic progressive granulomatous reticulosis involving organs including the skin).

Back 353

Xenoderma Pigmentosum

Front 354

– dryness of the conjunctiva often result of vitamin A deficiency.

Back 354

Xenopthalmia

Front 355

-literally meaning "dry skin", is a condition involving the integumentary system, which in most cases can safely be treated with emollients and or moisturizers.

Back 355

Xerodermia

Front 356

– xerox photographs of the patients whole hand are made for some reasons that palm prints are made.

Back 356

Xerography

Front 357

– is common in diabetics due to the anhydrosis caused by diabetic autonomic neuropathy.

Back 357

Xerosis

Front 358

– CT produces a volume of data which can be manipulated, through a process known as “windowing”, in order to demonstrate various bodily structures based on their ability to block the X-ray beam.

Back 358

X-ray computed tomography

Front 359

– injection in acromioclavicular joint.

Back 359

Xylocaine

Front 360

– these tumors are characterized by the formation of foaming histrocytes or granular pink cytoplasm, the first indication of high cholesterol level.

Back 360

Xythoma

Front 361

- Oblique fractures cross both medial and lateral column, join in the olecranon fossa, and extend vertically into the joint, splitting the trochlea

Back 361

Y fracture

Front 362

- Object used to measure thumb abduction and extension and can also be adapted to measure the first web space of burned hands. There are no norms for this measurement. It is used to measure a patient’s progress over time.

Back 362

Yarn cone

Front 363

- Psychosocial factors which are essentially psycho-social in nature. These impede the progress of recovery.

Back 363

Yellow flags

Front 364

- A test for biceps tendon subluxation, at the shoulder. It is performed with the Therapist resisting shoulder flexion, elbow flexion and forearm supination. Palpating the biceps tendon is integral, to feel for the subluxation. May also be used to detect biceps tendinitis, but it will be pain in the bicipital groove noted and not instability of the tendon.

Back 364

Yergason's test

Front 365

- A pleomorphic Gram-negative bacillus, which causes enterocolitis, mesenteric adenitis, terminal ileitis, sepsis. It is also associated with postinfectious syndromes, including reactive arthritis, Reiter's syndrome, glomerulonephritis, uveitis, and erythema nodosum

Back 365

Yersinia enterocolitica

Front 366

- The point beyond which the strain largely increases even though the stress remains the same

Back 366

Yield point

Front 367

- Alternative type of physical therapy using mind-body exercise to relieve recurring pain

Back 367

Yoga

Front 368

- A human b type natriuretic peptide (hbnp). It is usually used along with rest and physical therapy

Back 368

Yohimbine mechanism

Front 369

- Persons between 60 and 75 years of age.

Back 369

Young old

Front 370

- A measure of the stiffness of a material or its ability to resist deformation. Elasticity equals stress divided by strain.

Back 370

Young's modulus of elasticity

Front 371

: Ulnar drift at the metacarpophalangeal joints associated with radial deviation of the wrist.

Back 371

Zigzag effect

Front 372

: The cheekbone

Back 372

Zygoma