Medical Terminolgy

Front 1

Bone markings

Back 1

create characteristic featuresand may serve as poitns of attachment for muscles and tendons, join one bone to another or provide cavities and passage for nerves and blood vessels

Front 2

Bone processes

Back 2

projections or outgrowths of bone and help to form joints or serve as poitns of attachment for muscles and tendons

Front 3

bone head

Back 3

a rounded knowblike end of a long bone

Front 4

neck

Back 4

a constricted or narrow section of that connects the head like in the femur

Front 5

tuberosity

Back 5

an elevated, broad, rounded process of bone usually for attachement of muscles or tendons

Front 6

trocanter

Back 6

large bony process located below the neck of the femur, for attachment of muscles see page 135

Front 7

condyle

Back 7

a knucklike projection at the end of a bone, ususally fits into a fossa of another bone to form a unit

Front 8

crest

Back 8

a distinct border or ridge of bone

Front 9

spine

Back 9

a sharp projection from the surface of the bone, similiar to the crest, for example, the spine of the scapula (shoulder blade) used for muscle attachement

Front 10

bone depressions

Back 10

concave areas or openings in a bone

Front 11

sulcus

Back 11

a groove or depression in a bone

Front 12

sinus

Back 12

an opening or hollow space in a bone, as in the paranasal sinuses or the frontal sinus

Front 13

fissure

Back 13

same as sulcus

Front 14

fossa

Back 14

a hollow or shallow concave depression in a bone

Front 15

foramen

Back 15

a hole within the bone that allows blood vessels or nerves to pass through like in the skull

Front 16

cranial bones

Back 16

frontal, parietal, occipital, temporal, sphenoid

Front 17

facial bones

Back 17

mandibular, maxillary, zygomatic, nasal, lacrimal, vomer, palatine, nasal conchae

Front 18

hyroid bone

Back 18

located just above the larynx and below th mandible, It does not connect with any other bone to form a joint but is suspended by ligaments. muscles of the tongue and throat.

Front 19

vertebral bone

Back 19

cervical, thoracic, lumber vertebrae, sacrum, coccyx,

Front 20

bones of the thorax

Back 20

true ribs, costal cartilage, false ribs, floating ribs, sternum, manubrium, body, xiphoid, clavicle page 143

Front 21

scapula

Back 21

a large triangular shaped bone also known as the shoulder blade. p 143

Front 22

spine

Back 22

Part of the shoulder blade that you can feel where muscles attach page 144

Front 23

acromion

Back 23

sppon-shaped projection of the scaupla that connects with the clavicle to form the highest points of the shoulder. see page 144

Front 24

Bones of the upper extremities

Back 24

humerous, radius, ulna, carpals, metacarpals, phalanges

Front 25

Pelvis bones

Back 25

pelvic girdle, ilium, iliac crest, ischium, ischial, pubic, symphysis pubis, acetabulum

Front 26

Bones of the lower extremities

Back 26

femur, patella, tibia, fibula, metatarsals, phalanges

Front 27

Pathological conditions

Back 27

osteoporosis,osteomalacia,osteomyelitis, Ewing's sarcoma, osteogenic sarcoma, osteochondroma, talipes, abnormal curviture of the spine, fracture

Front 28

Types of fractures

Back 28

closed, open, complete, greenstick, compression, impacted, commuinuted, Colle's, hairline, stress, patholigical

Front 29

Treatments of fractures

Back 29

closed reduction, open reduction, internal fixation devices

Front 30

Diagnostic procedures and Procedures

Back 30

bone marrow aspirations, dual photon absorptiometry, dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA)

Front 31

sutures

Back 31

immovable joints where the cranial bones meet

Front 32

frontal bone p 137

Back 32

the forehead contains eyeballs and sinuses

Front 33

parietal bone p 137

Back 33

back of the head, top and upper sides of skull

Front 34

occipital bone p 137

Back 34

back of the head and the base contains the foramen magnum (a large opening in its base) which the spinal cord passes through

Front 35

temporal bone p 137

Back 35

lower sides and the base of the skull, contain the middle and inner ear, mastoid sinuses, temporal bone, which goes downward and forms the mastoid process, which serves as a point of attachment for muscles

Front 36

sphenoid bone

Back 36

bat shaped bone located at base of skull in front of temporal bones and joins and anchors other bones in the skull

Front 37

ethmoid bone

Back 37

lies just behind the nasal bone, part of sinuses and eye sockets

Front 38

fontanelles

Back 38

soft spots in babies skull where the bones have not fused together yet

Front 39

mandibular bone

Back 39

mandible or lower jaw bone. the largest, strongest bone of the face and is the only movable bone of the skull. movable joint is call the TMJ or tenporomandibular joint. Contains teeth

Front 40

maxillary bones

Back 40

two bones in the upper jaw.

Front 41

zygomatic bone

Back 41

highest point of the cheek and part of the eye orbits

Front 42

nasal bones

Back 42

give shape to the nose

Front 43

lacrimal bone

Back 43

paper thin and somewhat shaped like a fingernail. Located at the inner corner of eye

Front 44

vomer

Back 44

thin, flat bone that forms part of the nose

Front 45

palatine bones

Back 45

shaped like the letter L. Part of the nasal cavity

Front 46

vertebrae

Back 46

24 bones of the vertical column

Front 47

cervival vertebrae

Back 47

first segment of the spine. c1-c7. First one is called the Atlas. Second bone is called axis.

Front 48

thoracic vertebrae

Back 48

Second segment of the spine consisting of the next 12 vertebrae. connect with the 12 pairs of ribs and are called T1-T12.

Front 49

lumar vertebrae

Back 49

third segement of the spine consisting of the next 5 vertebrae. They are larger and heavier than the rest of the vertebrae. L1-L5.

Front 50

sacrum

Back 50

Fourth segment of the spine. The adult sacrum is a single triangular shaped bone wegded between hip bones and attached to the pelvic girdle. These are not one singular bone in a child.

Front 51

coccyx

Back 51

the fifth segment of the spine also called the tailbone. one single bone that results from the fusion of for bones in a child.

Front 52

vertebral body

Back 52

thick anterior portion of the vertebra that is drum shaped and is the weight bearing part of the spinal column

Front 53

invertebral disk

Back 53

Each vertebrae is seperated by this cartilage. Shock absorbers, cushion and flexibility

Front 54

vertebral foramen

Back 54

passageway for the spinal cord

Front 55

true ribs

Back 55

the first 7 pairs of the ribs. They are called true ribs because they attach to the sternum in front and the vertebrae in the back.

Front 56

costal cartilage

Back 56

attach the ribs to the sternum

Front 57

false ribs

Back 57

next 3 pairs of ribs see page 143. (ribs 8-10) the are called false because they only attach to the vertebrae and are attached to the 7th rib.

Front 58

floating ribs

Back 58

last two pairs of ribs (11 and 12) Although these ribs attach to the vertebrae in the back, they are completely free of attachment in the front.

Front 59

sternum

Back 59

also called the breastbone. flat, elongated bone that forms the midline partion of the thorax.

Front 60

clavicle

Back 60

also called the collar bone. supports the shoulder by connecting laterally to the scapula and anteriorly to the sternum

Front 61

scapula

Back 61

also called the shoulder blade.

Front 62

humerous see page 144

Back 62

the upper arm bone

Front 63

radius see page 144

Back 63

one of two lower bones of the arm that are joined together to form the lower part of the arm

Front 64

ulna see page 144

Back 64

second of two lower arm bones has a large projection called the olcranon process which is the point of the elbow

Front 65

carpals

Back 65

bones of the wrist, Each wrist have 8 bones. two rows of four.

Front 66

metacarpals

Back 66

bones of the hand.

Front 67

phalanges

Back 67

bones of the fingers and toes. Each finger has three except the thumb

Front 68

pelvic girdle

Back 68

bony ring formed by the hip bones, sacrum and coccyx. Page 145

Front 69

ilium

Back 69

largest of the three hip bones that you can feel if you put your hands on your hips.

Front 70

iliac crest

Back 70

see page 145, upper curved edge of the ilium.

Front 71

femur

Back 71

the thigh bone see page 147, longest, heaviest and strongest bone in the body.

Front 72

patella

Back 72

knee bone or knee cap, see page 147, largest seasmoid bone in the body.

Front 73

tibia

Back 73

larger and stronger of the two lower leg bones. Also called the shin bone.

Front 74

medial malleolus

Back 74

bony prominence on the inside of the ankle

Front 75

fibula

Back 75

more slender of the two lower leg bones

Front 76

tarsals

Back 76

bones of the ankle, there are seven

Front 77

calcaneus

Back 77

largest of the tarsals or ankle bones also known as the heel bone and serves as a point of attachment for several muscles of the calf

Front 78

talus

Back 78

just above the calcaneus or heel bone, joins with the tibia and fibula to form the ankle joint. The impact of a person's entire body weight is received by the talus bone at this point of connection and is then distributed to the other tarsal bones see page 148

Front 79

metatarsals

Back 79

Bones of the foot see page 148

Front 80

Bones of the foot are called...

Back 80

phalanges

Front 81

osteporosis

Back 81

porous bones due to loss of bone density

Front 82

osteomalacia

Back 82

disease in which the bones become abnormally soft due to a defiency of calcium and phosphorus in the blood. This disease results in fractures and noticeable deformities of the weight-bearing bones. When the disease occurs in children, it is called rickets.

Front 83

osteomyletitis

Back 83

localized or general infection of the bone and bone marrow, resulting from bacterial infection that has spread to the bone tissue through the blood.

Front 84

Ewing's sarcoma

Back 84

malignant tumor of the bones common to young adults, particularily adolescent boys

Front 85

Osteogenic sarcoma

Back 85

malignant tumor arising from the bone. common sites are just above the knee, just below the knee or just below the shoulder joint

Front 86

osteochondroma

Back 86

most common benign bone tumor. The femur and the tibia are most frequently involved.

Front 87

talipes

Back 87

Clubfoot. Feet turned inward

Front 88

Kyphosis

Back 88

abnormal outward curvature of the spine, commonly known as humpback or hunchback

Front 89

Lordosis

Back 89

abnormal inward curvature of the spine commonly known as swayback

Front 90

Scoliosis

Back 90

abnormal lateral sideways curvature of the spine to either side

Front 91

fracture

Back 91

broken bone, sudeen breaking of bone

Front 92

closed fracture

Back 92

simple fracture where there is a break in the bone but no open wounds in the skin

Front 93

open fracture

Back 93

compund fracture where there is a break in the bone as well as an open wound in the skin

Front 94

complete fracture

Back 94

a break that extends through the entire thickness of the bone

Front 95

greenstick fracture

Back 95

an incomplete fracure is a break that does not extend through the entire thickness of the bone. one side of the bone is broken and one side of the bone is bent

Front 96

compression fracture

Back 96

bone surfaces being forced against each other like in the back

Front 97

impacted fracture

Back 97

direct force causes the bone to break, forcing the broken end of the smaller bone into the broken end of the larger bone

Front 98

comminuted fracture

Back 98

force is so great that it splinters or crushes a segment of the bone

Front 99

Colle's fracture

Back 99

occurs at the lower radius, with in 1 inch of the connecting wrist bones

Front 100

Hairline fracture

Back 100

or stress fracture. Minor fracture in which the bone continues to be in perfect alignment. The fracture appears on teh x-ray as a very thin hair-line. Found often in runners and is not always visible.

Front 101

pathological fracture

Back 101

when a bone, weakened by a preexisting disease, breaks in a response to a force that owuld not cause a normal bone to break.

Front 102

closed reduction

Back 102

treatment of fracture that involves aligning the bone fragments through maual manipulation or traction without making an incision into the skin.

Front 103

open reduction

Back 103

tratment of a fracture that involves realigning the bone under direct observation during surgery. Devices such as screws, pins, wires and nails may be used internally and these internal devices are called internal fixation devices

Front 104

bone scan

Back 104

intravenous injection of fluid that is absorbed by the bone tissue and then scanned

Front 105

bone marrow aspiration

Back 105

removing small sample of bone marrow with a needle for the purpose of examining it under a microscope

Front 106

dual photon absorptiometry

Back 106

noninvasive procdure that involves beaming a minimal amount of radiation through the bones.

Front 107

DEXA or Dual Energy A-ray absorption

Back 107

noninvasive procedure that measures bone density. X-ray machine passes photons through the bones.

Front 108

THR

Back 108

Total Hip Replacement

Front 109

TKR

Back 109

Total Knee Replacement

Front 110

TMJ

Back 110

Temporomandibular Joint

Front 111

Fx

Back 111

Fracture

Front 112

C1

Back 112

Cervical vertebrae catergorization

Front 113

T1

Back 113

Thorax vertebrae categorization

Front 114

L1

Back 114

Lumbar vertebrae abbreviation

Front 115

S1

Back 115

sacrum