Medical Term Ch 4

Front 1

Cytoplasm

Back 1

gel like substance that surrounds the nucleus of a cell but is contained within the cell membrane (contains organelles)

Front 2

Deoxyribonucleic acid

Back 2

molecule that holds genetic info and makes an exact copy of itself whenever the cell divides

Front 3

diagnosis

Back 3

identification of a disease or condition by scientific evaluation of signs/symptoms...

Front 4

Endoscope

Back 4

instrument consisting of a rigid or flexible fiberoptic tube and optical system for observing the inside of a hollow organ or cavity (fitted with light and camera)

Front 5

etiology

Back 5

study of the causes of disease

Front 6

fluoroscope

Back 6

instrument consisting of an x-ray machine and a fluorescent screen used to view the internal organs of the body

Front 7

idiopathic

Back 7

pertaining to conditions without clear pathogenesis or disease without recognizable cause (spontaneous origin)

Front 8

metabolism

Back 8

chemical changes that take place in a cell or an organism and produce energy and basic materials needed for all life processes

Front 9

prognosis

Back 9

prediction of the course and end of a disease and the estimated chance of recovery

Front 10

sign

Back 10

any objective evidence or manifestation of an illness or a disordered function of the body

Front 11

symptom

Back 11

any change in the body or its functions as perceived by the patient

Front 12

Midsagittal plane

Back 12

divides into right and left halves (Median)

Front 13

Coronal Plane

Back 13

aka Frontal, divides anterior/posterior (ventral/dorsal)

Front 14

Transverse Plane

Back 14

(horizontal) divides superior from inferior (upper/lower)

Front 15

diaphragm

Back 15

separates abdominopelvic from thoracic cavity

Front 16

RUQ

Back 16

right upper quadrant- gallbladder, pancreas, small and large intestines, right lobe of liver

Front 17

LUQ

Back 17

left upper quadrant- Left lobe of liver, stomach, spleen, part of pancreas, part of small and large intestines

Front 18

RLQ

Back 18

right lower quadrant- part of the small and large intestines, appendix, right ovary, right fallopian tube, right ureter

Front 19

LLQ

Back 19

left lower quadrant- part of the small and large intestines, left ovary, left fallopian tube, left ureter

Front 20

Left hypochondriac

Back 20

upper left region beneath the ribs

Front 21

right hypochondriac

Back 21

upper right region beneath the ribs

Front 22

epigastric

Back 22

region above the stomach

Front 23

left lumbar

Back 23

left middle lateral region

Front 24

right lumbar

Back 24

right middle lateral region

Front 25

umbilical

Back 25

region of the navel

Front 26

left inguinal/iliac

Back 26

left lower lateral region

Front 27

right inguinal/iliac

Back 27

right lower lateral region

Front 28

hypogastric

Back 28

lower middle region beneath the navel

Front 29

Abduction

Back 29

mvt away from the median plane

Front 30

Adduction

Back 30

mvt toward the median plane

Front 31

medial

Back 31

midline of the body or structure

Front 32

lateral

Back 32

pertaining to a side

Front 33

superior

Back 33

cephalad- toward the head or upper portion

Front 34

inferior

Back 34

caudal- away from the head or toward the tail/lower part

Front 35

proximal

Back 35

nearer to the body or point of attachment

Front 36

distal

Back 36

further from the center or point of attachment

Front 37

anterior

Back 37

ventral-near the front of the body

Front 38

posterior

Back 38

dorsal- near the back of the body

Front 39

parietal

Back 39

pertaining to the outer wall of the body cavity

Front 40

visceral

Back 40

pertaining to the viscera, or internal organs, especially the abdominal organs

Front 41

prone

Back 41

lying horizontal with face down or palms turned downward

Front 42

supine

Back 42

lying on the back with face upward or palm of hand or foot facing up

Front 43

inversion

Back 43

turning inward or inside out

Front 44

eversion

Back 44

turning outward

Front 45

palmar

Back 45

pertaining to the palm of the hand

Front 46

plantar

Back 46

pertaining to the sole of the foot

Front 47

superficial

Back 47

toward the surface of the body

Front 48

deep

Back 48

away from the surface of the body/internal

Front 49

cyto-

Back 49

-cell

Front 50

histo-

Back 50

-tissue

Front 51

nucleo/karyo-

Back 51

-nucleus

Front 52

antero-

Back 52

-anterior/front

Front 53

caudo-

Back 53

-tail

Front 54

cranio-

Back 54

-cranium

Front 55

disto-

Back 55

-far

Front 56

dorso-
postero-

Back 56

-back
-back/behind/posterior

Front 57

infero-

Back 57

-lower/below

Front 58

latero-

Back 58

-side

Front 59

medio-

Back 59

-middle

Front 60

proximo-

Back 60

-near

Front 61

ventro-

Back 61

-belly side

Front 62

abdomino-

Back 62

-abdomen

Front 63

cervico-

Back 63

-neck/cervix

Front 64

gastro-

Back 64

-stomach

Front 65

ilio-

Back 65

-ilium, flaring portion of hip bone

Front 66

inguino-

Back 66

-groin

Front 67

lumbo-

Back 67

-loins, lower back

Front 68

umbilico-

Back 68

-navel

Front 69

pelvi-
pelvo-

Back 69

-pelvis

Front 70

spino-

Back 70

-spine

Front 71

thoraco-

Back 71

-chest

Front 72

albino-
leuko-

Back 72

-white

Front 73

chloro-

Back 73

-green

Front 74

chromo-

Back 74

-color

Front 75

cirrho-
jaundo-
xantho-

Back 75

-yellow

Front 76

cyano-

Back 76

-blue

Front 77

erythro-

Back 77

-red

Front 78

melano-

Back 78

-black

Front 79

polio-

Back 79

-gray

Front 80

acro-

Back 80

-extremity

Front 81

etio-

Back 81

-cause

Front 82

fascio-

Back 82

-band/fibrous membrane supporting and separating muscles

Front 83

idio-

Back 83

-unknown/peculiar

Front 84

morpho-

Back 84

-form, shape, structure

Front 85

patho-

Back 85

-disease

Front 86

radio-

Back 86

-radiation/x-ray or radius

Front 87

somato-

Back 87

-body

Front 88

sono-

Back 88

-sound

Front 89

viscero-

Back 89

-internal organs

Front 90

xero-

Back 90

-dry

Front 91

-logy

Back 91

-study of

Front 92

-logist

Back 92

-specialist in the study of

Front 93

-genesis

Back 93

-forming/producing

Front 94

-gnosis

Back 94

-knowing

Front 95

-gram

Back 95

-record/writing

Front 96

-graph

Back 96

-instrument for recording

Front 97

-graphy

Back 97

-process of recording

Front 98

-meter

Back 98

-instrument for measuring

Front 99

-metry

Back 99

-act of measuring

Front 100

-pathy

Back 100

-disease

Front 101

ab-

Back 101

-from/away from

Front 102

ad-

Back 102

-toward

Front 103

infra-

Back 103

-below/under

Front 104

hetero-

Back 104

-different

Front 105

homeo-

Back 105

-same, alike

Front 106

peri-

Back 106

-around

Front 107

super-

Back 107

-upper/above

Front 108

trans-

Back 108

-across, through

Front 109

ultra-

Back 109

-excess, beyond

Front 110

adhesion

Back 110

abnormal fibrous band that holds normally separated tissues together, usually occurring within a body cavity

Front 111

analyte

Back 111

substance being analyzed or tested, generally by means of a chemical

Front 112

contrast medium

Back 112

in radiology a substance that is injected into the body via catheter or swallowed to facilitate radiographic imaging of internal structures that otherwise are difficult to visualize on x-ray films

Front 113

dehiscence

Back 113

bursting open of a wound (ie- a surgical abdominal wound)

Front 114

febrile

Back 114

feverish

Front 115

homeostasis

Back 115

relative constancy or equilibrium in the internal environment of the body which is maintained by the ever changing processes of feedback and regulation in response to external or internal changes (consistency of temp, acid, nutrients, and waste)

Front 116

inflammation

Back 116

body defense against injury, infection, or allergy marked by redness, swelling, heat, pain and sometimes loss of function (protects against invasion and repairs injured tissue)

Front 117

morbid

Back 117

diseased

Front 118

nuclear medicine

Back 118

branch of medicine concerned with the use of radioactive substances for diagnosis, treatment, and research

Front 119

radiology

Back 119

medical discipline concerned with the use of electromagnetic radiation, ultrasound, and imaging techniques for diagnosis and treatment of disease and injury

Front 120

radionuclides

Back 120

substances that emit radiation spontaneously (tracers)

Front 121

diagnostic radiology

Back 121

medical imaging using external sources of radiation to evaluate body structures and functions of organs

Front 122

interventional radiology

Back 122

use of imaging techniques in the nonsurgical treatment of various disorders such as balloon angioplasty and cardiac catheterization

Front 123

therapeutic radiology

Back 123

use of ionizing radiation in the treatment of malignant tumors (oncology)

Front 124

radiopharmaceutical

Back 124

radionuclide attached to a protein, sugar, or other substance that travels to the organ or area of the body that will be scanned

Front 125

scan

Back 125

term used to describe a computerized image by modality or structure

Front 126

sepsis

Back 126

pathological state, usually febrile, resulting from the presence of microorganisms or their products in the bloodstream

Front 127

suppurative

Back 127

producing or associated with generation of pus

Front 128

endoscopy

Back 128

visual examination of a cavity or canal using an endoscope

Front 129

laparoscopy

Back 129

visual examination of the organs of the pelvis and abdomen through very small incisions in the abdominal wall

Front 130

thoracoscopy

Back 130

examination of the lungs, pleura, and pleural space with a scope inserted through a small incision between ribs

Front 131

CBC

Back 131

complete blood count- common blood test that enumerates red and white blood cells and platelets, measures hemoglobin, estimates volume and percentages

Front 132

urinalysis

Back 132

common urine test that evaluates the physical, chemical, and microscopic properties of urine

Front 133

CT scan

Back 133

computed tomography- imaging technique achieved by rotating an x-ray emitter around the area to be scanned and measuring the intensity of transmitted rays from different angles

Front 134

doppler

Back 134

ultrasound technique used to detect and measure bloodflow velocity and direction through the cardiac chambers, valves, and peripheral vessels by reflecting sound waves off of moving blood cells

Front 135

fluoroscopy

Back 135

radiographic technique in which x-rays are directed through the body to a fluorescent screen that displays continuous imaging of the motion of internal structures and immediate serial images

Front 136

MRI

Back 136

magnetic resonance imaging- noninvasive imaging technique that uses radio waves and a strong magnetic field rather than an x-ray to produce multiplanar cross-sectional images

Front 137

nuclear scan

Back 137

diagnostic technique that uses a radioactive material introduced into the body and a scanning device used to determine size shape location and function of various organs and structures

Front 138

PET

Back 138

positron emission tomography- scan using computed tomography to record the positrons emitted from a radiopharmaceutical, producing a cross-sectional image of metabolic activity in body tissues to determine the presence of disease

Front 139

radiography

Back 139

imaged produced when an x-ray is passed through the body or area and captured on a film (x-ray)

Front 140

SPECT

Back 140

single photon emission computed tomography- noninvasive imaging technique that provides clear, 3D pictures of a major organ by injecting a radionuclide and detecting the emitted radiation using a gamma camera

Front 141

tomography

Back 141

radiographic technique that produces an image representing a detailed cross-section or slice of an area, tissue or organ at a predetermined depth

Front 142

US

Back 142

ultrasonography- image produced by high-frequency sound waves and displaying the reflected echoes on a a monitor

Front 143

biopsy

Back 143

representative tissue sample removed from a body site for microscopic examination usually to establish a diagnosis

Front 144

needle biopsy

Back 144

removal of a small tissue sample for examination using a hollow needle attached to a syringe

Front 145

punch biopsy

Back 145

removal of a small core of tissue using a hollow instrument

Front 146

shave biopsy

Back 146

removal of tissue using a surgical blade to shave elevated lesions

Front 147

frozen section biopsy

Back 147

ultra thin slice of tissue cut from a frozen specimen for immediate pathological examination

Front 148

ablation

Back 148

removal of a part, pathway or function by surgery, chemical destruction, electrocautery, freezing, or radiofrequency

Front 149

anastomosis

Back 149

surgical joining of two ducts, vessels, or bowel segments to allow flow from one to another

Front 150

cauterize

Back 150

destroy tissue by electricity, freezing, heat, or corrosive chemicals

Front 151

curettage

Back 151

scraping of a body cavity with a spoon shaped instrument called a curette

Front 152

I&D

Back 152

incision and drainage- incision made to allow the free flow or withdrawal of fluids from a wound or cavity

Front 153

laser surgery

Back 153

surgical technique employing a device that emits intense heat and power at close range to cut, burn, vaporize, or destroy tissues

Front 154

radical dissection

Back 154

surgical removal of tissue in an extensive area surrounding the surgical site in an attempt to excise all tissue that may be malignant to decrease the chance of recurrence

Front 155

resection

Back 155

partial excision or bone, organ, or other structure