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70 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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to control the symptoms of cancer is what kind of collaborative care
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palliation
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to maintain with treatment is what kind of collaborative care of cancer
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control
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the study of cancer
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oncology
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specialist of cancerf
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oncologist
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a local treatment for cancer -
energy produced by radiation toxic to cells - disrupts chemical bonds in DNA, cancer cells lose ability to replicate |
radiation therapy
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____ to radiation varies throughout the cell cycle - useful for cells that are rapidly dividing
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cellular sensitivity
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the goal of radiation therapy is to
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achieve maximum tumor control with minimal damage to normal tissue
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external radiation, machine
pt is delivered radiation from a distance PT NOT RADIOACTIVE |
teletherapy
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radioactive material placed directly into or adjacent to tumor, ingested in body.
PT IS RADIOACTIVE |
brachytherapy
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radiation therapy is given pre-op, post-op and intra op
t/f |
true
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seeds or ribbons implanted directly into or close to tumor
(EX: PROSTATE GLAND) |
Sealed Source ( BRACHYTHERAPY)
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isotopes given by mouth or IV, I 131 for thyroid cancer
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UNsealed source (brachytherapy)
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a medication containing radioactive materials is injected into a vein or into a body cavity.
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# unsealed internal radiation therapy
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radiation side effects can cause
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extreme fatigue
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extreme fatigue due to radiation is due to what
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waste products and the increased metabolism necessary to get rid of it
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Name precautions for BRACHYTHERAPY
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film badge to detect exposure
6 feet distance / shielding private room / pregnancy precaut care with body fluids/linen DO NOT TOUCH LEAD CONTAINER |
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What can reduce the size of tumor, followed by radiation/chemo
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surgery
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risk for recurrance of cancer occurs right after
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cured time
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blanching, erythema, desquamation, sloughing, hemorrhage, ulcerations of mucous membranes, decreased oral secretions Dry Mouth, hair loss
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side effects of Radiation therapy
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it is normal to find what in the lungs with radiation therapy
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Interstitial Exudate
Pneumonitis radiation pneumonia cough dypsnea |
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it is normal to find what in the heart after radiation therapy
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pericardial effusion, pericarditis
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=RADIATION THERAPY=
DO NOT USE HEATING PADS, ICE PACKS, AVOID SUN EXPOSURE |
Protect Treatment field
USE NON IRRITATING LOTIONS MILD SOAPS PAT SKIN DRY |
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for which type of cancer is radiation therapy most effective?
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Cancers that are LOCALIZED to one tissue or body area
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using chemicals as systemic therapy to eliminate or reduce number of malignant cells in primary and secondary tumors is called
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chemotherapy
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chemotherapy does what to cells?
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disrupts cell cycle - damages DNA - interferes with synthesis of enzymes and chemicals needed by the cell
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effects cells in process by cellular replication and proliferation including resting phase (any phase)
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cell-cycle phase NON SPECIFIC
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effect on cells in process of dividing during a specific phase only
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Cell cycle phase SPECIFIC
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chemotherapy is classified according to
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effects of agent on cell and pharmacologic properties
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chemotherapy is done pre-op and post-op
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true
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what has the greatest effect on non tumor cells
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systemic (chemicals)
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chemotherapy dosing is based on
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body surface area (height/weight)
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name the SYSTEMIC chemo routes
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SYSTEMIC = IV, ORAL, IM
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name the REGIONAL chemo routes
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REGIONAL =
intracavity intrathecal intraventricular intraarterial intravesical (into bladder) |
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WHAT can cause PHLEBITIS and SCLEROSIS?
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irritants
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what causes damage to the tissue
DO NOT GIVE IV (PERIPHERALLY) |
Vesicant
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side effects of chemotherapy are a result of
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destruction of NORMAL cells
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There is NO distinction between normal cells and cancer cells
t/f |
true
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Anaphalaxis, hypersensitivity reaction, extravasation, anticipatory nausea/vomitiing, cardiac dysrthymias, hemmorhagic cystitis are all what kind of side effects
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ACUTE CHEMOTHERAPY SIDE EFFECTS
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N/V mucositis, alopecia, skin rash, bone marrow supression, diareeah, constipation, neurotoxicities, fatigue are all what kind of side effects
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DELAYED CHEMOTHERAPY SIDE EFFECTS
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damage to heart, liver, kidneys, lungs, reproductive dysnfunction are all what kind of side effects
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CHRONIC CHEMOTHERAPY SIDE EFFECTS
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An increasing TUMOR shows symptoms of
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Increased FATIGUE
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BONE MARROW SUPRESSION
HEMATOPOIETIC EFFECTS decreased RBC's .... |
anemia
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BONE MARROW SUPRESSION
HEMATOPOIETIC EFFECTS decreased WBCs.... |
leukopenia
4-10K |
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BONE MARROW SUPRESSION
HEMATOPOIETIC EFFECTS decreased neutrophils THE MOST IMPORTANT! |
Neuropenia - MOST IMPORTANT
less than 1000 |
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BONE MARROW SUPRESSION
HEMATOPOIETIC EFFECTS decreaesd platelets less than 50K |
Thrombocytopenia less than 50K
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the lowest count of WBC is called
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NADIR (peak effect of drug)
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BONE MARROW SUPRESSION
HEMATOPOIETIC EFFECTS decreaesd RBC, WBC, PLATELETS |
Pancytopenia
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stimulates production, maturation, regulation and activation of the cells of the hematopoeitic system
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hematopoietic growth factors
304 LEWIS |
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what consists of agents that modify the relationship between the host and the tumor by altering biologic response of the host to the tumor cells
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biotherapy
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biotherapy has direct
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anti-tumor effects
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THE MAIN SYMPTOM OF NEUTROPENIA IS
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FEVER
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Biotherapy modulcates _________
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host immune system
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Biotherapy interferes with the cancer cells ability to
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metastasize
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WHEN YOUR PT HAS A FEVER DUE TO NEUTROPENIA (DECREASED NEUTROPHILS) YOU MUST
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CONTACT MD
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manifestations of thrombocytopenia include all but
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Leukopenia (deceased wbc)
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dizziness, decreased O2, HYPOTENSION are symtpoms of
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anemia
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granulocytes colony, stimulates neutrophils
stimulating factor G -CSF |
NEUPOGEN/neulasta
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erthrythropoietin - stimulates RBC
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EPOGEN/procrit
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interleukin 11 - stimulates WBC
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NEUMEGA/interleukin
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cancer can be treated with replacing bone marrow through a donor, and using chemo to kill the bad bone marrow, this process is by
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stem cell transplants
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peripheral blood stem cells require _______- which takes the blood out, removes STEM CELLS, then replaces the blood
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aphoresis
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Biotherapy coorelates with what kind of symptoms
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FLU - LIKE
Headache, fever, chills, myalgias, fatigue, malaise, weakness, photosensistivity, anorexia, nausea |
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name other symptoms of biotherapy
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tachycardia
orthostatic hypotension confusion, memory loss, insomnia |
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The RN action for Biologic therapy is to
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EDUCATE
Treat FLU symtpoms |
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genetic material introduced into patients cells to fight disease
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gene therapy
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gene therapy enhances the cells ability to
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fight cancer
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what does gene therapy target?
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gene therapy targets cancer cells to destroy or prevent growth
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PETACHIAE
ECCHMOSIS GINGIVAL BLEEDING are all manifestations of |
thrombocytopenia (decreased platelet count)
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Action before entering chemo patient room is to
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wear protective gown and respiratory mask when completing treatments.
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KNOW BONE MARROW SUPRESSION TERMS
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ANEMIA, LEUKOPENIA, NEUTROPENIA, THROMBOCYTOPENIA,PANYCTOPENIA
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