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176 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Several recent studies suggest that this issue/condition is now the third leading cause of death in the US, is responsible for at least 10% of all deaths in the US, and is an under-recognized and therefore under-reported cause of death in the US. This issue/condition is: - medical errors - car accidents - handguns - epidemics |
medical errors |
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A 57-year-old male patient is having his annual physical. Due to a family history of coronary artery disease and his sedentary lifestyle, his doctor orders a total blood cholesterol panel. What is the optimal level of total cholesterol in the blood for adults? - < 200 mg/dL - 200-239 mg/dL - 300-339 mg/dL - >500 mg/dL |
< 200 mg/dL |
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Genital warts are caused by: - HPV - HIV - HAV - VZV |
HPV |
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Mary Smith, a 48-year-old patient, is receiving an IV mixture of four different medications to treat stage 2 invasive ductal breast carcinoma. Each of the medications act upon a different aspect of the cancer cells. This mixture is typically termed a(n): - amalgamation - mash-up - blend - cocktail |
cocktail |
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A chronic inflammatory bowel disease where affected segments of the bowel may be separated by normal bowel issue is characteristic of: - Crohn's disease - appendicitis - Graves' disease - diverticulitis |
Crohn's disease |
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Increasing peristalsis of the intestines, increasing salivation, and a slowing heart rate are examples of: - parasympathetic nervous system responses - sympathetic nervous system responses - automatic nervous system responses - higher brain functions |
parasympathetic nervous system responses |
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A pathological diagnosis of transitional cell carcinoma is made. The examined tissue was removed from the: - bladder - oral cavity - esophagus - pleura |
bladder |
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Which of the following is a lethal arrhythmia? - ventricular fibrillation - atrial tachycardia - atrial fibrillation - bradycardia |
ventricular fibrillation
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The least invasive restrictive gastric surgery used to reduce the size of the stomach to facilitate weight loss in obese patients is: - laparoscopic gastric banding - a gastric bypass - Roux-en-Y gastric surgery - a biliopancreatic diversion |
laparoscopic gastric binding |
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Which one of the following cells produces antibodies? - helper T cells - A cells - cytotoxic T cells - plasma cells |
plasma cells |
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A serum potassium level of 2.8 would indicate: - Addison's disease - hypokalemia - anemia - diabetic ketoacidosis |
diabetic ketoacidosis |
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The HPV vaccine, Gardasil, is recommended for all children/young adults between the ages of 9 and 26 years. It is a quadrivalent vaccine. What is the definition of quadrivalent? - It must be administered every 4 years to be effective - It is administered in a series of four shots over a 6-month period - It reduces the risk of infection by four times - It prevents infection from the four most prevalent types of HPV that cause cervical cancer |
It prevents infection from the four most prevalent types of HPV that cause cervical cancer |
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Pain is a symptom of which of the following conditions? - second-degree burn (partial thickness) - both first-degree burn (superficial) and second degree burn (partial thickness) - first-degree burn (superficial) - third-degree burn (full thickness) |
both first-degree burn (superficial) and second-degree burn (partial thickness) |
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Which of the following is a severe, chronic, two-phased, bacterial respiratory infection that has become increasingly difficult to treat because many antibiotics are no longer effective against it? - SARS - H1N1 - MDR-TB - MRSA |
MDR-TB |
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Which of the following anatomical parts is involved in both the respiratory and digestive systems? - nasal cavity - pharynx - trachea - larynx |
pharynx |
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Which of the following procedures is typically performed on children to facilitate the drainage of serous exudate behind the tympanic membrane in chronic otitis media? - myringotomy with tympanostomy tubes - stapedectomy - cerumen evacuation - cochlear implants |
myringotomy with tympanostomy tubes
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Which endocrine gland secretes epinephrine, which activates the "fight or flight" response and increases blood pressure and metabolism? - beta cells of the pancreas - pineal - alpha cells of the pancreas - adrenal medulla |
adrenal medulla |
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Which of the following sequences correctly depicts the flow of blood through the heart to the lungs in order for gas exchange to occur? - right atrium, right ventricle, pulmonary artery, lungs - right ventricle, right atrium, lungs, pulmonary artery - right atrium, right ventricle, lungs, pulmonary artery - right ventricle, right atrium, pulmonary artery, lungs |
right atrium, right ventricle, pulmonary artery, lungs
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Mycobacterium tuberculosis is the organism that causes tuberculosis (TB), typically a respiratory disorder. It is currently experiencing resurgence in the US and many other countries. What is the average time frame in which all patients with new, previously untreated TB must have daily antibiotic therapy? - 6-9 weeks - 6-9 months - 4-7 days - 4-7 years |
6-9 months |
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The patient's pathology report revealed the presence of Reed-Sternberg cells. This is indicative of: - Hodgkin's disease - leukemia - sarcoma - non-Hodgkin's lymphoma |
Hodgkin's disease
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A 72-year-old white male patient is on Coumadin therapy. Which of the following tests is commonly ordered to monitor the patient's Coumadin levels? - prothrombin time - partial thromboplastin time - bleeding time - blood smear |
prothrombin time |
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Carpal tunnel syndrome is caused by entrapment of the: - radial nerve - tibial nerve - ulnar nerve - medial nerve |
medial nerve
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What is the name of the protein that gives breads, cereals, baked goods, and pasta their structure but can cause serious gastrointestinal complications when ingested by individuals with celiac disease? - gluten - carbohydrate - antioxidant - glucose |
gluten |
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Children at higher risk for sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) include those _____ - with respiratory problems - all answers apply - with sleep apnea - who are premature infants |
all answers apply |
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Clinical manifestations of this disease include polydipsia, polyuria, polyphagia, weight loss, and hyperglycemia. Which of the following tests would be ordered to confirm the disease? - fasting blood sugar - postprandial blood sugar - glucose tolerance test - glucagon |
glucose tolerance test |
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On an EKG, what signifies the electronic stimulation of the ventricles? - the QRS wave - the P wave - the height of the wave - the spacing of the waves |
the QRS wave |
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Which set of muscles controls the movement of the eye up and down? - superior and inferior oblique - superior and inferior rectus - medial and lateral oblique - medial and lateral rectus |
superior and inferior rectus |
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In general, excessive RBC breakdown could result in: - Crohn's disease - high bilirubin levels - elevated BUN - peptic ulcers |
high bilirubin levels |
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The drug commonly used to treat bipolar mood swings is: - Lanoxin - lorazepam - lithium carbonate - Lasix |
lithium carbonate |
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A common contraceptive that is implanted in the uterus induces slight endometrial inflammation, which attracts neutrophils to the uterus. These neutrophils are toxic to sperm and prevent the fertilization of the ovum. This contraception is termed: - oral contraceptives - progestin injections - an IUD - spermicides |
an IUD |
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Softening of the bone in children is termed _____ - Raynaud's disease - rubella - Reye's syndrome - rickets |
rickets |
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Diagnostic testing for meningitis usually involves _____ - blood cultures - testing urine - cerebrospinal fluid analysis - stool C and S |
cerebrospinal fluid analysis
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A 63-year-old patient with terminal pancreatic cancer has started palliative chemotherapy. Palliative means: - alleviating or eliminating distressing symptoms of the disease - increasing the immune response to fight infections - quick destruction of cancerous cells - the combining of several medications to cure the cancer |
alleviating or eliminating distressing symptoms of the disease |
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Gas exchange in the lungs takes place at the: - trachea - alveoli - bronchioles - bronchi |
alveoli |
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Which endocrine gland secretes melatonin, which controls the circadian rhythm of an individual? - pineal - beta cells of the pancreas - adrenal medulla - alpha cells of the pancreas |
pineal |
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Which of the following is a hereditary disease of the cerebral cortex that includes progressive muscle spasticity and mental impairment leading to dementia? - Bell's palsy - Lou Gehrig's disease - Guillain-Barre syndrome - Huntington's disease |
Huntington's disease |
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Diabetic microvascular disease occurs _____ - only in patients with type 1 diabetes - as a direct result of elevated serum glucose - due to damage to nerve cells - as a result of elevated fat in blood |
as a direct result of elevated serum glucose |
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A common cardiac glycoside medication that increases the force of the cardiac contraction without increasing the oxygen consumption, thereby increasing the cardiac output is typically given to patients with heart failure. However, there is a very narrow therapeutic window between effectiveness and toxicity, and the patient must be monitored closely. This common cardiac medication is: - nitroglycerin - acetylsalicylic acid - COX-2 inhibitor - digoxin |
digoxin |
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Cancer derived from epithelial tissue is classified as a(n) - carcinoma - adenoma - lipoma - sarcoma |
carcinoma |
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The organism transmitted by a mosquito bite that causes malaria is a - protozoa - bacteria - virus - prion |
protozoa |
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Coronary arteries may become blocked, either partially or totally, due to athereosclerosis and lead to an AMI. Which of the following procedures would be used to improve the coronary blood flow by building an alternate route for the blood to bypass the blockage by inserting a portion of another blood vessel, typically the saphenous vein? - CABG - PTCA - cardiac catheterization - carotid endarterectomy |
CABG |
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A toxic goiter has what distinguishing characteristic?
- iodine deficiency - parathyroid involvement - thyroid hyperfunction - presence of muscle spasm |
thyroid hyperfunction |
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Which structure transports urine from the kidneys to the bladder? - urethra - ureter - meatus - vas deferens |
ureter |
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In which brain lobe is the processing of smell and hearing stimuli performed? - temporal - parietal - frontal - occipital |
temporal
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Which of the following best summarizes the current treatment of cervical cancer? - a new three-shot vaccination series protects against types of HPV that cause most cervical cancer cases - all stages have extremely high cure rates - over 99% of cases are linked to long-term HPV infections - early detection and treatment of cervical cancer does not improve patient survival rates |
a new three-shot vaccination series protects against the types of HPV that cause most cervical cancer cases
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A condition that involves the fifth cranial nerve, also known as "tic douloureux," causes intense pain in the eye and forehead; lower lip, the section of the cheek closest to the ear and the outer segment of the tongue; or the upper lip, nose, and cheek - thrush - Tourette's disorder - trigeminal neuralgia - Bell's palsy |
trigeminal neuralgia |
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Necrosis extending down to the underlying fascia is characteristic of a decubitus ulcer in stage _____ - one - two - three - four |
three |
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The causative organism for severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) is a _____ - fungus - retrovirus - bacterium - coronavirus |
coronavirus |
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Early detection programs apply screening guidelines to detect cancers at an early stage, which provides the likelihood of increased survival and decreased morbidity. Which of the following would not be a diagnostic or screening test for colorectal cancer? - sigmoidoscopy - uppder GI x-ray - double contrast barium enema - fecal occult blood test |
upper GI x-ray |
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A 37-year-old female goes to her family physician complaining of dysuria, urgency, fever, and malaise. A UA is performed, and upon gross examination is found to be turbid and has an unusual odor. Microscopic examination reveals a rod-shaped microorganism. A 24-hour culture produces a colony count greater than 100,000/mL of Escherichia coli. This would indicate a diagnosis of: - UTI - PID - KUB - FUO |
UTI |
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O2 is carried in the blood _____ - serum - in the form of carbonic acid - plasma - bound to hemoglobin |
bound to hemoglobin |
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Impetigo can be _____ - spread through autoinoculation - caused by Staphylococcus aureus - either spread through autoinoculation or caused by Streptococcus pyogenes - caused by Streptococcus pyogenes |
either spread through autoinoculation or caused by Streptococcus pyogenes
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A bee stung little Bobby. He experiences itching, erythema, and respiratory distress caused by laryngeal edema and vascular collapse. In the emergency room where he is given an epinephrine injection, Bobby is diagnosed with: - anaphylactic shock - allergy sinusitis - asthma - allergic rhinitis |
anaphylactic shock |
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A 62-year-old female presents to her family doctor complaining of fatigue; constantly feeling cold, especially in her hands and feet; weakness; and pallor. O2 must be transported to the cells and exchanged with CO2, which is then transported back to the lungs to be expelled. A hematology laboratory test that evaluates the oxygen-carrying capacity of blood is referred to as a: - hematocrit - WBC diff. - CBC - hemoglobin determination |
hemoglobin determination |
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Maria is in the hospital recovering from colon resection surgery. Based on her symptoms, her doctors are concerned about the possibility that she has developed a pulmonary embolism. Which of the following procedures will provide the definitive diagnosis? - none of these answers apply - lung scan - pulmonary angiography - chest x-ray |
pulmonary angiography |
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Some immunizations, such as tetanus, require a second application, to strengthen or "remind" the immune system in response to antigens. The subsequent injections are termed: - alerting shots - unnecessary shots - booster shots - warning shots |
booster shots |
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A 13-year-old patient is brought to her pediatrician with a 2-week history of fatigue, an occasional low-grade fever, and malaise. The pediatrician indicates it is a possible infection but needs to know what type of infection. She orders a hematology laboratory test to determine the relative number and percentage of each type of leukocytes. This test is referred to as a: - WBC diff. - hematocrit - hemoglobin determination - CBC |
WBC diff. |
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Contributing factors of mental disorders include: - heredity, stress, and trauma - heredity - stress - trauma |
heredity, stress, and trauma |
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There has been a significant increase in the number of cases and deaths from pertussis. Health care professionals attribute this disease trend to which of the following? - all answers apply - an increase in the virulence of the bacteria - a decrease in the number of people immunized with TDaP - drug-resistant strains of the bacteria |
A decrease in the number of people immunized with TDaP |
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When a physician orders a liver panel, which of the following tests are not included? - albumin - bilirubin - alkaline phosphatase - creatinine |
creatinine |
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The key diagnostic finding for typical pneumonia is: - a positive sputum culture - elevated WBC - abnormal chemical electrolytes - lung consolidation on CXR |
lung consolidation on CXR |
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A mild, atypical lung infection with inflammation and fluid buildup, usually caused by Mycoplasma pneumoniae or other bacterial, in which the patient is mildly ill but does not require hospitalization and is treated with antibiotics is termed: - walking pneumonia - emphysema - intrinsic asthma - pneumoconiosis |
walking pneumonia |
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A surgical procedure that cuts into the skull to drain blood from a subdural hematoma in order to decrease the intracranial pressure is termed a(n): - craniectomy - angioplasty - craniotomy - hemispherectomy |
craniotomy |
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The interaction of two drugs working together to where each simultaneously helps the other achieve an effect that neither could produce alone is termed a: - placebo effect - synergistic effect - potentiation effect - antagonistic effect |
synergistic effect |
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Fractures occur in patients with osteoporosis due to: - a tendency to fall from a lack of joint mobility - falling from loss of balance - fibrous joint adhesions tearing apart small bones - loss of bone mass |
loss of bone mass |
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In which brain lobe is the processing of emotions, intellect, and personality performed? - frontal - occipital - temporal - parietal |
frontal |
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In _____ anemia, the red blood cells become shaped like elongated crescents in the presence of low oxygen concentration - folic acid - sickle cell - vitamin B12 - aplastic |
sickle cell |
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One of the most common causes of peptic ulcer disease is the consumption of aspirin and NSAIDs. Another common cause is infection by Helicobacter pylori, and the usual treatment for this condition is use of: - antibiotics - antiemetics - antivirals - antifungals |
antibiotics |
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Which of the following is the most effective method for the prevention of influenza? - coughing into the crook of the elbow - Flu-Mist nasal spray vaccine - handwashing - intramuscular injection vaccine |
intramuscular injection vaccine |
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John Palmer was in a car accident and sustained severe chest trauma resulting in a tension pneumothorax. Manifestations of this disorder include all of the following except: - severe chest pain - shock - dyspnea - clubbing |
clubbing
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Full-blown AIDS sets in as: - helper T-cell concentrations decrease - immunity to HIV increases - CD4 receptors increase - HIV virus concentrations decrease |
helper T-cell concentrations decrease |
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Scabies, a highly contagious condition that produces intense pruritus and a rash, is caused by: - candidiasis - pediculosis capitis - itch mites - ringworm |
itch mites |
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The muscular contractions that move food through the alimentary canal from the mouth to the anus is referred to as: - peristalsis - paralysis - peritonitis - pleural effusion |
peristalsis |
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Which disease is a malignancy of the lymphatic system? - cystic fibrosis - Von Willebrand's disease - neutropenia - Hodgkin's disease |
Hodgkin's disease |
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Which of the following best describes tuberculosis? - a viral infection of the lungs - an ordinary lung infection - an acute bacterial infection of the lung - a chronic, systemic disease whose initial infection is in the lungs |
a chronic, systemic disease whose initial infection is in the lungs |
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A patient's history includes the following documentation: small ulcers (chancres) appeared on the genitalia and resolved after four to six weeks; elevated temperature, skin rash, and enlarged lymph nodes - chest x-ray - serology test - bone marrow test - thyroid scan |
serology test |
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What common vitamin should be taken by pregnant women to substantially reduce the occurrence of neural tube defects, such as spina bifida, in a developing fetus? - B12 - E - calcium - folic acid |
folic acid |
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A 68-year-old female patient has no visible bleeding, but remains anemic. Her physician is concerned about possible gastrointestinal bleeding. Which of the following tests might be ordered? - DEXA scan - guaiac smear test - prostatic-specific antigen test - Pap smear test |
guaiac smear test |
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Which of the following tubes conveys sperm from the seminal vesicle to the urethra? - epididymis - vas deferens - oviduct - ejaculatory duct |
ejaculatory duct |
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The prevention of illness through vaccination occurs due to the formation of: - helper B cells - memory cells - mast cells - immunosurveillance |
memory cells |
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Etiologies of dementia include: - all answers apply - ischemia - brain tumors - trauma |
all answers apply |
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Henrietta presents with a chief complaint of pain and weakness in her arms and neck. After an H and P and a review of diagnostic tests that include a myelogram, her doctor diagnoses a herniated nucleus pulposus at the _____ level of her spine. - lumbar - cervical - sacral - thoracic |
cervical |
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Most of the digestion of food and absorption of nutrients occur in the: - ascending colon - stomach - esophagus - small intestine |
small intestine |
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How can Grave's disease be treated? - radioactive iodine therapy - surgery - all answered apply - antithyroid drugs |
all answers apply |
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What is the largest serous membrane that covers the abdominal organs and lines the abdominal wall? - pleural membrane - perineum - peritoneum - pericardial membrane |
peritoneum |
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Which of the following procedures would be performed for the removal of the gall bladder due to excessive gallstone formation? - ERCP - hemicolectomy - cholangiography - cholecystectomy |
cholecystectomy |
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When the body's immune system reverses itself and attacks the organs and tissues, this process is called: - immunosuppression - an allergy - autoimmunity - immunodeficiency |
autoimmunity |
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Which type of joint, such as the sutures of the skull, has no movement? - amphiarthoriss - diarthrosis - synarthrosis - arthritis |
synarthrosis |
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Which of the following conditions is typically treated with the insertion of a pacemaker? - Sick-sinus syndrome - all answers apply - third-degree heart block - bradyarrhythmias |
all answers apply |
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Which of the following is a liver function test? - AST (SGOT) - ECT - BUN - TSH |
AST (SGOT) |
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Which of the following conditions is not a predisposing risk associated with essential hypertension? - cigarette smoking - obesity - age - low dietary sodium intake |
low dietary sodium intake |
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Photophobia or visual aura preceding a severe headache is a characteristic of: - myasthenia gravis - maastitis - malnutrition - migraines |
migraines |
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The most common etiology of dementia in the United States is: - Alzheimer's disease - anxiety disorder - autism - alcohol abuse |
Alzheimer's disease |
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A "pill-rolling" tremor of the hand is a characteristic symptom of: - myasthenia gravis - Gullain-Barre syndrome - Parkinson's disease - epilepsy |
Parkinson's disease |
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The first stage of alcoholic liver disease is: - fatty liver - alcoholic hepatitis - jaundice - cirrhosis |
fatty liver |
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Margaret needs to have her mitral valve replaced. Her surgeon will discuss which of the following issues with her before the surgery? - a biological valve (usually porcine) will last 10 to 15 years - all answers apply - a mechanical valve will require that she take a "blood thinner" for the rest of her life - a mechanical valve increases the risk of blood clots that can cause stroke |
all answers apply |
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The state of balance or normality that the human body continuously tries to attain is referred to as: - homeostasis - pathogenesis - etiology - iatrogenic |
homeostasis |
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Rheumatoid arthritis typically affects the _____ - large, weight-bearing joints - intervertebral disks - hips and shoulders - knees and small joints of the hands and feet |
knees and small joints of the hands and feet |
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A severe allergic reaction which can be life-threatening, due to a swollen throat, difficulty breathing, rash, and dizziness that must be treated with injectable epinephrine is termed: - asthma - arrythmia - amyloidosis - anaphylaxis |
anaphylaxis |
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A physician prescribes a diuretic for his patient. He could be treating any of the following disorders except: - mitral stenosis - pulmonary edema - pneumonia - congestive heart failure |
pneumonia |
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A 19-year-old college student, who lives on campus in a dormitory, is brought to the ER by his roommates, complaining of a severe headache, nuchal rigidity, fever, and photophobia. The ER physician performs an LP and orders a CSF analysis with a bacterial culture and sensitivity. The young man is admitted to the ICU with a provisional diagnosis of: - a methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus skin infection - meningitis due to Neisseria meningitidis-positive cerebrospinal fluid - a group A beta-hemolytic streptococcal throat infection - tuberculosis with drug-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis-positive sputum |
meningitis due to Neisseria mengitidis-positive cerebrospinal fluid |
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A stapedectomy is a common treatment for: - ostoclerosis - atherosclerosis - multiple sclerosis - scoliosis |
ostoclerosis |
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United States health care providers are concerned about a possible pandemic of avian flu because: - there is no vaccine currently available - it is caused by a group of viruses that mutate very easily - all answers apply - the causative virus is being spread around the world by migratory birds |
all answers apply |
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The progress of a disease, including initiating factors, signs and symptoms, physical manifestations, residual sequela, prognosis, and finally, the end result, is termed: - iatrogenic - homeostasis - etiology - pathogenesis |
pathogenesis |
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The hypothalamus and the thalamus are part of the: - exocrine system - cerebellum - limbic system - brainstem |
limbic system |
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A standard surgical procedure used for the treatment of early-stage breast cancer involves the removal of the cancerous tumor, skin, breast tissue, areola, nipple, and most of the axillary lymph nodes, but leaves the underlying chest muscles intact. This procedure is termed a(n): - lumpectomy - incisional breast biopsy - modified radical mastectomy - partial mastectomy |
modified radical mastectomy |
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Henry experienced sudden sharp chest pain that he described as heavy and crushing. His pain and past medical history caused Dr. James to suspect that Henry was having an acute myocardial infarction (AMI). Which of the following tests is a more specific marker for an AMI? - LDH1 - CK-MB - AST - Troponin I |
CK-MB |
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A patient, who is HIV positive, has raised red or purple lesions that appear on his skin, in his mouth, and most anywhere on his body. What is the stage of his disease process in today's medical terminology? - ARC - AZT - AIDS - HIV positive |
AIDS |
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Most carbon dioxide is carried in the: - red blood cells - blood as CO2 gas - blood plasma in the form of carbonic acid - blood bound to hemoglobin |
red blood cells |
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Which of the following is a risk factor involved in the etiology of gallstones? - being overweight - low-fat diets - the presence of a peptic ulcer - being an adolescent |
being overweight |
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In which gender is the urethra significantly longer? - it depends on the height of the individual - males - females - it is the same length regardless of gender |
males |
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An African American couple are undergoing genetic counseling to determine the likelihood of producing children with a recessively genetic blood condition. The genetic tests reveal that the father carries the trait to produce abnormal hemoglobin, HbS, which causes crystallization in RBCs and deforms their shape when O2 is low. This condition causes painful crises and multiple infarcts and is termed: - iron-deficiency anemia - hemophilia - sickle cell anemia - thalassemia |
sickle cell anemia |
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Which step of the "chain of infection" is disrupted by eliminating the standing water in old tires, birdbaths, and empty buckets when combating Zika virus epidemic? - identifying the susceptible host - killing the virus particle - eliminating the reservoir - stopping the direct transmission |
eliminating the reservoir |
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Which of the following is not one of the five layers of the epidermis? - stratum spinosum - stratum lucidum - stratum corneum - stratum fascia |
stratum fascia |
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Dr. Zambrano ordered a CEA test for Mr. Logan, a 67-year-old African American male patient. Dr. Zambran may be considering a diagnosis of: - carpal tunnel syndrome - congestive heart failure - cancer - cardiomyopathy |
cancer |
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When a decubitis ulcer has progressed to a stage in which osteomyelitis is present, the ulcer has extended to the: - fascia - muscle - subcutaneous tissue - bone |
bone |
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The most common rickettsial disease in the United States is: - Lyme disease - Rocky Mountain spotted fever - hantavirus - syphilis |
Rocky Mountain spotted fever |
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Which of the following is a congenital condition that is the most severe neural tube defect? - myelomeningocele - severe combined immunodeficiency - spina bifida occulta - meningocele |
myelomeningocele |
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Sam Spade has been severely injured in an MVA because he was not wearing a seat belt. The organ in his body, situated at the upper left of his abdominal cavity, under the ribs, that is part of lymphatic system has been ruptured, and he is bleeding internally. Sam needs a surgical procedure known as: - sigmoidoscopy - splenectomy - sequestrectomy - sialoadenectomy |
splenectomy |
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A cardiac condition where there is an abnormality in the way the electricity passes through the sinoatrial (SA) node and the atrioventricular (AV) node to generate a pulse or heartbeat is: - hypertrophic cardiomyopathy - acute myocardial infarction - tachycardia - heart block |
heart block |
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The leading cause of blindness in the US is a vision-related pathology caused by diabetes. It is called: - retinal detachment - retinopathy - rhabdomyosarcoma - retinoblastoma |
retinopathy |
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The _____ is the largest solid organ of the body, but the _____ is the largest organ overall. - intestine, liver - brain, latisssimus dorsi - liver, skin - skin, brain |
liver, skin |
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Before leaving the hospital, all newborns are screened for an autosomal recessive genetic disorder of defective enzymatic conversion in protein metabolism. With early detection and a protein-restricted diet, brain damage is prevented. This disease is: - Tay-Sachs disease - phenylketonuria - cystic fibrosis - hereditary hemochromatosis |
phenylketonuria |
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The nose, mouth, sinuses, pharynx, and larynx make up the: - upper respiratory tract - lower respiratory tract - upper gastrointestinal tract - lower gastrointestinal tract |
the upper respiratory tract |
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Mary Mulholland has diabetes. Her physician has told her about some factors that put her more at risk for infections. Which of the following factors would probably not be applicable? - both hypoxia and increased blood supply - increased glucose in body fluids - increased blood supply - hypoxia |
increased blood supply |
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Which one of the following is not a pathophysiological factor in anemia? - loss of spleen function - excessive RBC breakdown - lack of RBC maturation - loss of bone marrow function |
loss of spleen function |
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Old age, obesity, and a family history of diabetes are all characteristics of: - juvenile diabetes - type 1 diabetes - IDDM - type 2 diabetes |
type 2 diabetes |
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The process of cancer development, from exposure through the cellular changes of hyperplasia to neoplasia, is termed: - carcinogenesis - pathogenesis - metastasis - staging |
carcinogenesis |
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Which type of diagnostic test involves the use of electromagnetic waves to produce very detailed images of soft tissue structures of the body? - electrophoresis - CAT or CT scan - x-ray - MRI |
MRI |
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_____ is the most common type of skin cancer and _____ is the most deadly type of skin cancer. - squamous cell carcinoma, oat cell carcinoma - oat cell carcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma - malignant melanoma, basal cell carcinoma - basal cell carcinoma, malignant melanoma |
basal cell carcinoma, malignant melanoma |
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A surgical procedure that is performed to realign and stabilize a fractured femur with a rod and screws is referred to as a(n): - open reduction with internal fixation - closed reduction with external fixation - osteotomy - closed reduction with internal fixation |
open reduction with internal fixation |
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Prevention programs identify risk factors and use strategies to modify attitudes and behaviors to reduce the chance of developing cancers. Which of the following would not be an identified risk factor for colorectal cancer? - alcohol use - a high fiber diet - physical inactivity - obesity |
a high fiber diet |
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Why are there "black box warnings" on antidepressant medications regarding children and adolescents? - antidepressants interfere with physiological growth patterns in children and adolescents - dosage requirements must be significantly higher in children and adolescents compared to adults - antidepressants increase the risk of suicidal thinking and behavior in some children and adolescents - there is no established medical need for treatment of depression in children and adolescents |
antidepressants increase the risk of suicidal thinking and behavior in some children and adolescents |
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Which of the organs listed below has endocrine and exocrine functions? - pancreas - liver - kidney - lung |
pancreas |
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A radiological test for bone mineral density (BMD) is a useful diagnostic tool for diagnosing: - osteoarthritis - osteomyelitis - osteoporosis - rheumatoid arthritis |
osteoporosis |
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The Phalen's wrist flexor test is a noninvasive method for diagnosing: - severe acute respiratory syndrome - carpal tunnel syndrome - Down syndrome - Tourette's syndrome |
carpal tunnel syndrome |
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A sweat test was done on a patient with the following symptoms: frequent respiratory infections, chronic cough, and foul-smelling bloody stools. Which of the following diseases is probably suspected? - cystic lung disease - cystic pancreas - cystic fibrosis - cystic breast disease |
cystic fibrosis |
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Which of the following is a characteristic of Graves' disease? - it usually cannot be treated - it usually affects the elderly - it most commonly affects males - it is an autoimmune disease |
it is an autoimmune disease |
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Many bacterial diseases are transmitted directly from person to person. Which of the diseases listed next is a bacterial disease transmitted by way of a tick vector? - Lyme disease - tuberculosis - tetanus - Legionnaires' disease |
Lyme disease |
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The childhood viral disease that unvaccinated pregnant women should be prevented from contracting because it may be passed to the fetus, thus causing congenital anomalies such as mental retardation, blindness, and deafness, is: - tetanus - rubella - rubeola - rickets |
rubella |
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A pharyngeal culture is taken from a 13-year-old male patient presenting to the ER with fever, painful cervical lymph nodes, purulent tonsillar exudate, and difficulty swallowing. A blood agar culture plate shows complete hemolysis aroun dStreptococcus pyogenes bacterial colonies. The patient is given a prescription for erythromycin. the diagnosis in this case is: - meningitis due to to Neisseria meningitidis-positive cerebrospinal fluid - a group A beta-hemolytic streptococcal throat infection - tuberculosis with drug-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis-positive sputum - a methicillin- resistant Staphylococcus aureus skin infection |
a group A beta-hemolytic streptococcal throat infection |
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Ingrid Anderson presents with a skin infection that began as a raised, itchy bump, resembling an insect bite. Within 1 to 2 days, it developed into a vesicle. Now it is a painless ulcer, about 2 cm in diameter, with a black necrotic area in the center. During the history, her doctor learns that she has recently returned from an overseas vacation and becomes concerned that she may have become infected with anthrax. He will prescribe an: - antiparasitic - antiviral - antineoplastic - antibiotic |
antibiotic |
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An 81-year-old male with arteriosclerosis and a long-standing history of taking Coumadin presents to his physician's office for his biweekly prothrombin time (PT) test. The PT test is one of the most common hemostasis tests used as a presurgery screening and monitoring Coumadin (warfarin) therapy. This test evaluates: - the iron-binding capacity of RBCs - the type and cross-match of blood - coagulation of the blood - the oxygen-carrying capacity of RBCs |
coagulation of the blood |
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A treatment for sensorineural hearing loss is: - removal of impacted cerumen - stapedectomy - myringotomy - cochlear implants |
cochlear implants |
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Which of the following issues seems to be the main contributing factor to the rise of antibiotic-resistant bacterial organisms such as methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus? - the use of antibacterial soaps and other products that contain triclosan and/or triclocarban - all answers apply - patient non-compliance in the use of antibiotics when the patient does not take all of the medicine for the allotted time - the over-prescribing of antibiotics to treat bacterial and viral infections |
all answers apply |
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Which of the following pieces of equipment records the electrical activity of the brain? - ECG - EEG - EKG - EMG |
EEG |
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Common kidney stone treatments that allow small particles to be flushed out of the body through the urinary system include all of the following except: - fluid hydration - ureteroscopy and stone basketing - extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy - using medication to dissolve the stone(s) |
ureteroscopy and stone basketing |
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Each of the following conditions fall under the category of COPD except: - smoking - emphysema - chronic bronchitis - pneumonia |
pneumonia |
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Why must influenza immunizations be developed and administered on an annual basis? - people develop resistance to the vaccine - the virus mutates significantly each year - the pharmaceutical companies produce the lowest dosage possible - the immunization is only strong enough for one year |
the virus mutates significantly each year |
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Which valve is between the left atrium and left ventricle? - aortic - pulmonary - mitral - tricuspid |
mitral valve |
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In a systemic circulation, which of the following vessels carries oxygenated blood? - pulmonary veins - left ventricle - right vena cava - renal arteries |
left ventricle |
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Which of the following autoimmune diseases affects tissues of the nervous system? - rheumatoid arthritis - myasthenia gravis - Goodpasture's syndrome - Hashimoto's disease |
myasthenia gravis |
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The most common type of vaginitis is: - yeast - viral - both yeast and protozoan - protozoan |
both yeast and protozoan |
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Portal hypertension can contribute to all of the following except: - esophageal varices - ascites - kidney failure - dilation of the blood vessels lining the intestinal tract |
kidney failure |
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An elevated serum amylase would be characteristic of: - gallbladder disease - postrenal failure - acute pancreatitis - prerenal failure |
acute pancreatitis |
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A 28-year-old female presents to her general practitioner with morning nausea and vomiting, weight gain, and two missed menstrual cycles. The physician orders a pregnancy test. What chemical in the urine does this lab test detect? - alpha-fetoprotein - human chorionic gonadotropin - carcinoembryonic antigen - creatine phosphokinase |
human chorionic gonadotropin |
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The positive belief in a drug and its ability to cure a patient's illness, even if this drug is an inactive or inert substance, typically positively influences a patient's perception of their outcome. This effect is termed a: - potentiation effect - synergisitc effect - antagonistic effect - placebo effect |
placebo effect |
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Microbiological lab culture and sensitivity tests were performed on the skin scrapings of a groin lesion on a 27-year-old male patient who presented to a local health department clinic. The results confirm infection with Treponema pallidum. He was given a prescription for penicillin and told to return for a follow-up visit in 2 weeks. His diagnosis is: - herpes - syphilis - HPV - HIV |
syphilis |
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The presence of fluid in the alveoli of the lungs is characteristic of: - pneumonia - COPD - Crohn's disease - tuberculosis |
pneumonia |
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_____ is usually the first symptom of benign prostate hyperplasia. - pelvic pain - abdominal pain - difficulty in urinating - burning pain during urination |
difficulty in urinating |
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Which of the following is an effect of insulin? - increases the breakdown of fats - increases blood glucose - decreases glycogen concentration in liver - increases glucose metabolism |
increases glucose metabolism |
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A disease of the inner ear with fluid disruption in the semicircular canal that causes vertigo is: - mastoiditis - labyrinthitis - Meniere's disease - both labyrinthitis and Meniere's disease |
both labyrinthitis and Meniere's disease |
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A new strain of influenza, H1N1, is a highly virulent strain that spread all over the world. This type of epidemiological disease pattern is referred to as a(n): - epidemic - pandemic - cluster - outbreak |
pandemic |
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Penicillin is effective in the treatment of all of the following except: - strep throat - Lyme disease - syphilis - influenza |
influenza |
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One of the most common manifestations of Zika virus exposure in utero is severe fetal brain malformation due to the virus attacking and destroying the neurons. This condition is called: - myelomeningocele - meningitis - microcephaly - encephalitis |
microcephaly |
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The most common bloodborne infection in the US is: - hemophilia - hepatitis C - Helicobacter pylori - hepatitis A |
hepatitis C |
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Sex-linked genetic diseases - occur only in males - involve a defect on a chromosome - occur equally between males and females - are transmitted during sexual activity |
involve a defect on a chromosome |
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The etiology of aplastic anemia is: - bone marrow failure - chronic blood loss - acute blood loss - inadequate iron intake |
bone marrow failure |
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All of the following are examples of direct transmission of a disease except: - coughing or sneezing - droplet spread - physical contact - contaminated foods |
contaminated foods |
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A procedure performed with an instrument that freezes and destroys abnormal tissues (including seborrheic keratoses, basal cell carcinoma, and squamous cell carcinomas) is: - cryosurgery - phacoemulsification - photocautery - electrodesiccation |
cryosurgery |
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Diastole occurs when: - cardiac insufficiency is present - the ventricles fill - the ventricles contract - the atria contracts |
the ventricles fill |
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The opposing interaction of two drugs in which one decreases or cancels out the effects of the other is termed a: - antagonistic effect - synergistic effect - potentiation effect - placebo effect |
antagonistic effect |
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Cervical cerclage is a procedure used to help prevent: - torticollis - miscarriage - breathing restrictions - torsion |
miscarriage |
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The most fatal type of lung cancer is: - adenocarcinoma - small cell cancer - large cell cancer - squamous cell cancer |
small cell cancer |
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Which of the following cells produce histamine in a type I hypersensitivity reaction? - neutrophils - macrophages - mast cells - lymphocyte |
mast cells |
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A 75-year-old patient has a sore tongue with tingling and numbness of the hands and feet. She has headaches and is fatigued. Following diagnostic workup, the doctor orders monthly injections of vitamin B12. This patient most likely has which of the following conditions? - aplastic anemia - sickle cell anemia - autoimmune hemolytic anemia - pernicious anemia |
pernicious anemia |
