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227 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Epinephrine
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1. α1, α2, β1, β2
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Norepinephrine
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2. α1, α2, β1 (no β2 activity)
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GABA
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3. Causes an inhibitory cell hyperpolarization
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Muscarinic-r
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4. Uses DAG & IP3 as 2nd messengers 5. Parasympathetic control
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Bethanechol
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6. Cholinergic. ↑ GI & Bladder motility. Txt atonic bladder post-op
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Pilocarpine
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7. Cholinergic. Pupillary constriciton= miosis. Ciliary constriction= accomodation. 8. Txt acute glaucoma
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Isoflurophate
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9. Organophosphate. Irreversible acetylcholinesterase (-)r
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Pralidoxime
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10. “2PAM”. Reverses organophosphate binding to acetylcholinesterase
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Neostigmine
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11. Reversible acetylcholinesterase (-)r 12. Txt Myasthenia Gravis
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Myasthenia Gravis
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13. Anitbodies to Ach-r. ↑’g muscular weakness due to Ach’s weak postsynaptic effect @ NMJ. Inactivates-r
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Tubocurium
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14. Nondepol. Competitive cholinergic N-r (-)r. 15. Prevents Ach binding but does not activate NMJ 16. ↑ Histamine release= ↓ BP & ↑ bronchospasm
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Trimethaphan
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17. Nonselectively binds N-r of the PS- and SNS
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Pancurium
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18. More potent than tubocurium w/o histamine release
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Succinylcholine
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19. Depol. Non competitive (-)r of muscle aciton 20. Opens Na Ch.= fasciculations. Closes Na Ch.= paralysis. Continuous infusion.
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α1 & Eye
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21. Mydriasis due to norepinephrine. Prazosin (-).
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M-r & Eye
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22. Miosis due to Ach. Atropine (-).
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Sympathetic
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23. Post ganglionic symapthetic fibers releases norepinephrine
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Parasym.
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24. Post ganglionic parasympathetic fibers release Ach
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M3-r & Eye
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25. Contracts sphincter = miosis. Contracts ciliary = accomodation.
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M2-r & Heart
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26. Negative chronotropy: ↓ HR = vagal arrest 27. Negative inotropy: ↓ contractility
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M3-r & Lung
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28. Bronchospasm ↑secretions
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M3-r & GI
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29. ↑ motility (cramps & diarrhea). Involuntary defecation
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Tacrine
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30. Acetylcholine esterase (-)r. Txt Alzheimer’s
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Atropine
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31. DOC w/ vagal arrest
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Glycoperrolate
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32. M-r(-). Antispasmodic. Txt peptic ulcers.
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Pirenzepine
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33. M-r(-). Antispasmodic. Txt peptic ulcers.
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Doxacurium
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34. Most potent competitive non-depol NMJ (-)r. No cardiovascular side effects. No Histamine release.
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β bungarotoxin
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35. Prevent the releasal of Ach from vesicles @ the pre synaptic nerve ending
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α bungarotoxin
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36. Irreversible N-r (-)r = ↓ action potentials
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α1 & Eye
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37. Contracts radial muscle = mydriasis (pupil dilation)
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α1 & Arterioles
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38. Constiction: ↑TPR = ↑ Diastolic pressure = ↑ Afterload
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α1 & Venules
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39. Constriction: ↑ Venous return = ↑ Preload
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α1 & Sex Function
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40. Ejaculation
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↑ Diastolic
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41. ↑ α1 = ↑TPR
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↓ Diastolic
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42. ↑ β2; Direct acting vasodilators; (+)Cholinergics
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β1 & Heart
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43. (+)chronotropism = ↑HR. 44. (+)inotropism = ↑ contractility; ↑SV; ↑CO; ↑O2 consumption. 45. ↑ conduction velocity
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Phenylephrine
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46. α1 (+) Nasal decongestant.
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β2(+) Asma Drugs
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47. Metaproterenol; Albuterol; Terbutaline; Ritodrine; Salmeterol
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Ritodrine/Turbutaline
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48. Relaxes myometrium used in pre-mature labor pains
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Phentolamine
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49. Epi reversal. Blocks α, vasodilation occurs. Pt goes from HyperTN to HypoTN. 50. Txt pheochromocytoma = ↓BP
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Terazosin
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51. Txt BPH
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Yohimbine
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52. ↑ sympathetic outflow = α2 (-). Txt impotence.
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Cardioselective NMJ
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53. Pancuronium = ↑HR due to atropine-like anti muscarinic vagolytic effect & Gallamine (-)r
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Ecothiophate
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54. Irreversible cholinesterase (-)r.
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Pyridostigmine
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55. Cholinomimetic that ↑s M & N-r effects. (-) acetylcholinesterase & plasma cholinesterase 56. DOC for the oral Txt of MG
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Digoxin
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1. ↓ AV nodal conduction/ inh. Na/K/Atpase = inc. Ca conc. in heart cells = inc. contraction force
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Diltiazem
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2. Txt black men. Txt AV nodal re entrance
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Quinidine
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3. ↓ AV nodal conduction. Cinchonism. Anticholinergic= aggravate MG. Hypotension= α block
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Verapamil
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4. ↓ AV nodal conduction. ↓ BP. Negative inotrope= no CHF use
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Propranolol
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5. ↓ AV nodal conduction. ↓ BP. Negative inotrope(= β block) Aggravates Asthma and Diabetes Melitus via β2 block.
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Diazoxide
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6. Balanced vasodilator.
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Niroprusside
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7. Balanced vasodilator. Unloads heart. ↑s cyanide= pre-txt w/ thiosulfate. Txt Acute HTN’v Crisis
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Reserpine
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8. Txt severe & resistant HTN. Depletes CA. See stuffy nose. No to pts w/ peptic ulcers.
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Dobutamine
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9. At high doses β2(+) offsets α1 = β1 ↑ CO w/o systemic vascular resistance
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Dopamine
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10. At low doses Txt Shock= dilates renal and mesenteric aa= maintain urine output
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Esmolol
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11. Short acting β(-)
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Captopril
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12. Balanced vasodilator. Txt Outpt. CHF see dry cough(bradykinin induced)
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Digoxin
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13. Txt CHF & Atrial Flutter - inotropic -↓ K+ levels= dig. Toxicity
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Dig. Toxicity
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14. Fatal ventricular arrhythmias w/ sever AV block
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Quinidine
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15. ClassIa anti arrhythmic. Moderate Na Ch. Block
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Lidocaine
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16. ClassIb anit arrhythmic. Normalizes conduction. Txt initial MI= control arrhythmias
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Flecanide
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17. ClassIc anti arrhythmic. Marked conduction slowing
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Amiodarone
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18. Long t1/2= need potent doses to obtain desired level for action. See blue skin, ocular deposits, Pulmonary Fibrosis.
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NE
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19. ↑ AV nodal conduction via β1. Metoprolol(-) β1
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Ach
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20. ↓ AV nodal conduction via M receptor. Atorpine(-) M-r
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Atenolol
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21. Controls catecholamine induced arrhythmias
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Bretylium
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22. Txt Malignant Ventricular Arrhythmias but causes passing catecholamine release that can aggravate arrhythmias briefly
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Nimodipine
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23. Txt Acute subarachnoid hemorrhage by preventing post hemorrhagic vasospasm
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Atropine
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24. ↓ excess vagal tone as seen in Sinus Bradycardia
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Nitrates
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25. ↓ preload= venous pooling. ↓ MVO2= reflex tachy. ↑ ventr work= dec O2 demand
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Propranolol
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26. Blocks reflex tachy but causes excess brady= ↑ diastole time= ↑ EDV
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Verapamil
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27. ↑ O2 supply via ↓ in vasospasm Txt Prinzmetal’s variant angina
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Aspirin
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28. Prevents arterial platelet adhesion (not DVThrombi). Inactivates COX= ↓ platelet production of TxA2, a potent vasoconstictor
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Warfarin
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29. (-)Vit. K dependent gamma carboxylation of clotting factors= anticoagulation state
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Heparin
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30. Dependent on Antithrombin III activation
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TPA
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31. Binds to fibrin clots & activates plasminogen on the spot. Short t1/2, given IV. 32. Does not discriminate b/t fibrin-based clots= bleeding & stroke complications arise
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Streptokinase
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33. From bacteria= allergies arise. Can see excess bleeding in post-op pts.
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Urokinase
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34. Human source. ↑ plasmin. Can see excess bleeding in post-op pts.
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Colestipol
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35. Bile acid sequestrants. Interrupt bile acid reabsorption= ↑↑ LDL uptake. Cholestyramine same MOA.
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Lovastatin
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36. HMGCoA reductase(-)= ↑ LDL-r synthesis. Pravastatin/ Mevastatin same MOA.
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Losartan
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37. ↓ Aldosterone. ↑ Renin 2-3x’s
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Diazoxide
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38. Txt insulinomas. Not balanced vasodilator= onlt dilates arterial smooth muscle
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Clonidine
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39. Central α2(+). ↓ TPR via ↓ symapthetic effect
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Methyldopa
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40. Central α2(+). (++) Coombs= Hemolytic anemia
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Phenytoin
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41. ClassIb. Reverses mild AV block due to digitoxin toxicity
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Procainamide
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42. ClassIa. SLE like syndrome.
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Indopamide
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43. Only Thiazide that will have no effect on cholesterol levels
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Thiazides
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44. Older black men w/ HTN due to ↑ Renin
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β(-)
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45. Young white men w/o asthma (cause bronchospasm)
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ACEIs
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46. (-) change AI AII. (-) Bradykinin inactivation. Captopril/ Enalapril 47. Cause renal failure = use w/ caution in the elderly
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Epinephrine
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48. ↑ contraction rate & force via β1. 49. ↑ systolic but ↓ diastolic BP. 50. ↓ peripheral resistance via β2 vasodilaiton
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Norepi.
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51. ↑ heart rate and ↑ systolic and diastolic BP 52. ↑ peripheral blood vessel resistance
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Methyldopa
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53. DOC for pregnancy induced HTN
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Quinidine pre-txt
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54. Atrial arrhythmia pretxt w/ a drug that will ↓ ventricular response: Dig.;β(-); Ca Ch.(-)
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ClassII
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55. β(-) ↓risk fo reinfarction & sudden death following MI
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“Gray man”
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56. Amiodarone: ClassIII antiarrhythmia
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Beperidil
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57. Ca Ch(-). Limited clinical use due to Torsades de Pointes
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ACEIs
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58. Vasodilate renal efferents > than afferent arterioles: ↓GFR & Filtration pressure 59. ↓ Diabetic renal failure progression
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Adenosine
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60. Its receptor is blocked by Methylxanthines (ie… Theophyline) 61. Favored for the Txt of Reentrant Supra Ventricular Tachycardia
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Enoxaparin
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62. Low molecular weight heparin = Oral anticoagulant
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Isoproterenol
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63. ↑HR & ↓MAP
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Variant angina
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64. Use Ca Ch. (-)r ie… Nifedipine
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Contraindicated in CHF
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65. β (-)r = you don’t want to ↓ the heart’s pumping strength
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TOM
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1. Short –acting BDZs: 2. Triazolam 3. Onazelam 4. Midazolam
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Butyrophenone
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5. Haloperidol & Droperidol
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Atypical D4
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6. Clozapine – Thioridazine – Olanzepine – Risperidone = Do not cause EPS
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Flumazenil
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7. BDZ antidote for OD
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Methylphenidate
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8. Txt attention deficit disorder
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Phenytoin
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9. Causes aplastic anemia/ gingival hyperplasia/ cleft lip & palate
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Thiopental
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10. Short acting Barb
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Carbamazepine
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11. DOC trigeminal neuralgia. Txt lennox gestaut seizures in kids
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Atypical D4-r
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12. Thioridazine; Olamzapine; Clozapine
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Pimozide
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13. Txt Tourette’s
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Risperidone
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14. Good for negative symptoms
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Thioridazine
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15. Most anti cholinergic neuroleptic
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Haloperidol
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16. Neuroleptic malignant hyperthermia due to chronic D2 block. give Dantrolene and Bromocriptine
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Imirpamine
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17. Enurisis
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Clomirpramine
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18. Txt OCD See aggressive behavior w/ use
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Trazadone
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19. Priapism
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Bupropion
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20. Helps to quit smoking
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SSRIs
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21. Primarily used for OCD
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Fluoxetine
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22. Good for negative symptoms
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Phenelzine
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23. Irreversible MAOI
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Lithium
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24. Txt manic phase of Bipolar Disorder 25. Causes goiter by (-) conversion of T4 to T3 26. Nephrogenic diabetes insipidus 27. Low salt diet will lead to Li toxicity
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Alprazolam
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28. DOC stage fright
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Propranolol
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29. Social phobia
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κ-r
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30. Spinal analgesia. Euphoria. ++euphoria. ++sedation. Constipation.
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µ-r
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31. Supraspinal analgesia. Dysphoria. +respiratory depression. +sedation.
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Morphine & O2
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32. Admin. is contraindicated to pts on morphine sedation= ↓ CO2 sensitivity and O2 admin. can stop breathing.
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Morphine
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33. ↑ ICP = do not give to pt. with head trauma
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Morphine OD
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34. 1.pinpoint pupils 2.↓’d respiraiton 3.coma
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Meperidine
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35. Anesthetic used during labor
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Hydromorphone
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36. µ(+) used in renal failure
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Tramadol
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37. Ambulatory txt for mod. to severe pain
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Naloxone
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38. Txt opioid OD. Reverses respiratory depression
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Pentazocine
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39. Part κ(+) & part µ(-)
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Butorphenol
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40. Part κ(+) & part µ(-)
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Nalbuphene
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41. Part κ(+) & part µ(-)
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↓ GABA
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42. ↓ seizure focus= Barbs & BDZs
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↓ Fast Na Ch.
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43. ↓ electrical activity spread = Phenytoin & Carbamazepine
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Methoxyflurane
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44. Can be nephrotoxic. Needs low MAC for anesthetic induction.
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Enflurane
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45. Can cause tonic/clonic muscle spasms
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Isoflurane
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46. Can cause bronchospasm
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Halothane
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47. Can cause ventricular extrasystoles & Malignant hyperthermia & Hepatitis
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Nitric Oxide
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48. No effect on HR. Needs high MAC for anesthetic induction.
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Thiopental
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49. Short acting Barb.
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Kentamine
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50. Dissociative anesthetic
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Droperidol
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51. Can be used in combo w/ Fentanyl for neuroleptoanalgesic effect 52. Neuroleptic tranquilizer. Has mild alpha block
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Fentanyl
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53. Can be used on combo w/ Droperidol for neuroleptoanalgesic effect 54. Used transdermally for chronic pain
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Midazolam
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55. Pre anesthetic. Induces amnesia
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Primidone
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56. Biotransformed to Phenobarb.
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C & A delta Fibers
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57. First fibers to be blocked w/ anesthesia
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Esters
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58. Procaine, Tetracaine, Benzocaine 59. Broken down and make PABA (allergen)
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Amides
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60. Lidocaine, Mepivaciane, Bupivaciane, Etidocaine= “i” before “caine” always an amide 61. Metabolized in the liver
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Amphetamine
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62. DA reuptake (-)’r. MAOI. Parkinson’s txt
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Bromocriptine
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63. D2(+). Used w/ L-Dopa for “on-off” phenomenon of Parkinson’s
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Benztropine
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64. Ant M w/ some DA reuptake (-). Parkinson’s txt
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Amantidine
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65. ↓ DA reuptake. Can cause livido reticularis= skin mottling.
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Diphenhydramine
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66. Txt early Parkinson’s stages
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Pergolide
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67. > Effective & longer acting than Bromocriptine
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Ethosuximide
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68. DOC for Absence seizures
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Tranylcypromine
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69. MAOI = antidepressant
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SSRI & MAOI
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70. Fatal combo, especially seen with the use of Paroxetine or Fluoxetine (SSRIs) and Tranylcypromine (MAOI)
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Labor opioids
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71. Meperidine & Nalbuphine
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Desipramine causes
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72. Sudden cardaic death in children
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Primaquine
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4. Malaria profylaxis 5. Used for extraerythrocytic forms Plasmodium vivax or P. ovale
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Ciporfloxacin
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6. Quinolone derivative
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Sulfonamides
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7. PABA structural analogs 8. Inhibit Folic acid synthesis
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Tertacyclines, anuria & the exception
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9. Should not be used in anuric pt due to production of (-) Nitrogen balance & ↑d BUN levels. 10. Doxycycline is the exception
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Ceftriazone
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11. 3rd generation cephalosporin 12. DOC for bacterial meningitis in kids (ie… HiB) 13. One dose txt of gonorrhea
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Hepatic coma DOC
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14. Neomycin (aminoglycoside) – it supresses the normal flora = ↓g NH4 production = ↓g free nitrogen levels in the bloodstream.
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Clavulanic acid
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15. Irreversible (-)r of β lactamases, but ot of transpeptidase = use w/ a β lactamase sensitive penicillin
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Piperacillin
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16. Txt Pseudomonas aeruginosa & Klebsiella 17. Broad spectrum antibiotic
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Streptomycin (aminoglycoside)
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18. Txt Mycobacterium tuberculosis
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Isoniazid
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19. Most commonly used drug for TB. 20. Usually combined w/ Rifampin and/or Ethambutol 21. Pre Txt w/ Pyridoxine (Vit B6) can prevent peripheral neuritis‘
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Pyrantel Pamoate
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22. Txt of Hookworm disease 23. Depolarizing NMJ (-)r
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Buy “AT” 30, “CELL” at 50
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24. A = Aminoglycosides 25. T = Tetracyclines 26. C = Chloramphenicol 27. E = Erythromycin (macrolide) 28. L = Clindamycin 29. L = Lincomycin
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Cefoxitin
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30. Txt intraabdominal infections (ie… w/ Bacteroides fragilis) 31. Traditional txt has been Clindamycin & Gentamycin
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Chloramphenicol
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32. Broad spectrum antibiotic 33. Bone marrow depression (common) – Aplastic anemia (rare) 34. Gray baby syndrome (chloramphenicol cannot be conjugated) 35. DOC Typhoid Fever (symptomatic Salmonella infection) 36. DOC HiB meningitis in kids – especially resistant strain to ampicillin
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Nifurtimox
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37. Txt trypanosomiasis
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Metronidazole
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38. Txt Leishmaniasis & Amebiasis 39. Good for anaerobic bacteria = Bacteroides fragilis 40. DOC Trichomoniasis 41. DOC Giardia lamblia
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Txt P. carinii
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42. TMP-SMX & Pentamidine
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Tetracycline
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43. Txt of Brucellosis & Cholera 44. Txt Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever 45. Txt spirochete infections = Lyme disease (Borrelia burgdorferi)
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TMP-SMX
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46. (-) dihydrofolate reductase activity
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Benzathine Penicillin G
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47. Long duration of action = given once every 3-4 weeks for Txt of Syphilis
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Praziquantel
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48. Txt Schistosomiasis (trematode [fluke] infections)
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Melarsoprol
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49. Txt Trypanosomiasis that has neurological symptoms
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Stibogluconate
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50. Txt Leishmaniasis
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Fluconazole
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51. Txt fungal encephalitis
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Amphotericin B
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52. Polyene antifingal
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Ketoconazole MOA
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53. (-) fungal ergosterol synthesis = disrupts membrane
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Griseofulvin MOA
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54. Accumulates in keratinized layers of the skin = used in dermatomycoses infections
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Mefloquine
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55. Anti malarial 56. Txt Chloroquine resistant strains = P. falciparum
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Chloroquine
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57. Txt for Malaria when inside RBC
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Nifurtimox
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58. DOC Chagas disease due to Trypanosoma cruzi
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Erythromycin
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59. Used in pts allergic to penicillins
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Nystatin
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60. Topical txt of superficial mycotic infections = Candidiasis
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Acyclovir
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61. Guanine analog 62. Txt Herpes infections
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Imipenem
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63. Used w/ Cilastatin 64. Can cause seizures
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Cefoperazone side effects
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65. Bleeding due to vit K level alterations 66. Contraindicated in pts w/ bleeding disorders
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Vancomycin
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67. Used for MRSS (methicillin resistant Staph. Aureus) 68. “Red neck”: due to histamine release causes facial flushing
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Meropenem
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69. used w/ Cilastatin 70. Does not cause seizures (cf w/ Imipenem)
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Nafcillin
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71. Only penicillin that does not need dose adjustment in renal impairment
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Peripheral neuropathy
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72. Seen w/ use of: 73. Metronidazole – Isoniazid – Vincristine – ddI – AZT – Allopurinol
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Sulfonamides & newborns
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74. Kernicterus can occur
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“O.N.E.” for gonorrhea
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75. Fluoroquinolones used in a one dose deal for gonorrhea: 76. O = Ofloxacin 77. N = Norfloxacin 78. E = Enoxacin
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Ribavirin
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79. Txt RSV (Respiratory Syncytial Virus)
|
|
|
Cyclosporine
|
80. Protects against rejections from organ transplants 81. Does not induce bone marrow depression
|
|
|
Cyclophosphamide
|
82. Alkylating agent of both purine & pyrimidine bases of DNA 83. Txt CLL
|
|
|
Cisplatin’s toxicities
|
84. Nephro- & Ototoxicity
|
|
|
Methotrexate
|
85. Antimetabolite of folic acid: (-)dihydrofolate reductase
|
|
|
Leucovorin Rescue
|
86. Can block/reduce Methotrexate = ↑ folic acid via a reduced folate
|
|
|
Bleomycin toxicities
|
87. Pneumonitis & pulmonary fibrosis
|
|
|
Azathiorine
|
88. Used in organ transplantation = kidney allografts 89. Allopurinol can ↑ its activity by (-) its biotransformation to xanthine oxidase
|
|
|
MOPP
|
90. Chemotherapy used in the txt of Hodgkin’s disease 91. M = Mechlorethamine – nitrogen mustard 92. O = Oncovin (Vincristine) – prevents microtubule assembly 93. P = Procarbazine 94. P = Prednisone – glucocorticoid, inducing apoptosis
|
|
|
Tamoxifen
|
95. (-) estrogen receptor 96. Txt of breast tumors, can see associated endometrial CA
|
|
|
Flutamide
|
97. Antiandrogenic 98. Used w/ Leuprolide (LH-RH analog) 99. Txt prostatic CA
|
|
|
Megestrol
|
100. (-) progesterone receptor 101. Txt endometrial CA
|
|
|
Fluoxymesterone
|
102. Androgenic steroid 103. Txt mammary CA in postmenopausal women
|
|
|
Methotrexate
|
104. Folic acid analog that (-) tetrahydrofolate synthesis by (-) dihydrofolate reductase 105. Txt of ALL 106. Txt of Psoriasis
|
|
|
Brain tumor Txt
|
107. Lomustine 108. Carmustine – Causes pulmonary fibrosis
|
|
|
Streptozocin
|
109. Attaches to β cells 110. Txt of pancreatic insulinomas
|
|
|
Cytarabine (AraC)
|
111. Pyrimidine analog 112. DOC for AML
|
|
|
Dactinomycin
|
113. Used for Wilms tumor & rhabdomyosarcoma
|
|
|
Etoposide
|
114. Used for oat cell CA
|
|
|
Paclitaxel
|
115. Used for ovarian CA
|
|
|
Amifostine
|
116. Can ↓ nephrotoxicity due to chronic use of Cisplatin
|
