Medical Nutrtion Therapy

Front 1

This diet consists of pureed, homogeneous, and cohesive foods, which should be "puddinglike." No coarse textures, raw fruits or vegetables, nuts, etc are allowed.

Back 1

Level 1: Dysphagia Pureed (Pureed)

Front 2

Thin, nectarlike, honeylike, and spoon-thick are all used to describe what?

Back 2

Liquid Consistency

Front 3

This diet consists of foods that are moist, soft, and easily formed into a bolus. All meats are ground or minced no larger than one-quarter inch pieces.

Back 3

Level 2: Dysphagia Mechanically Altered (Dental Mechanical)

Front 4

This diet consists of food of nearly regular textures with the exception of very hard, sticky, or crunchy foods. Foods must be moist and in bite sized pieces.

Back 4

Level 3: Dysphagia Advanced (Dental Soft)

Front 5

This diet, which furnishes only fluids, some electrolytes, and small amounts of energy, are routinely used after surgery (especially cardiac).

Back 5

Clear Liquid Diet

Front 6

Chopping, mashing, pureeing, or grinding food to modify the texture for those patients who have limited chewing or swallowing ability.

Back 6

Consistency Modification

Front 7

Low blood glucose manifesting as weakness, perspiration, hunger, nausea, anxiety, and tremors, 1-2 hours after a meal.

Back 7

Alimentary Hypoglycemia

Front 8

Black, tarry stools indicative of intestinal bleeding.

Back 8

Melena

Front 9

Avoiding high fat meals, eating at least 3-4 hours before retiring, avoiding smoking, alcohol, and caffeine, avoiding highly acidic and spicy foods, losing weight, and consuming adequate fiber are all MNT recommendations for:

Back 9

Gastroesophageal Reflux (GERD) and Esophagitis

Front 10

Ovoidance of heavy, large meals, avoiding meals before reclining, and weight reduction are all recommendations for the condition:

Back 10

Hiatal Hernia

Front 11

Patients, after undergoing oral surgery, will often be given this type of diet that can bypasses the oral cavity until it heals.

Back 11

Nutritional Support

Front 12

In Gastritis, what nutrient status should be monitored because of lack of intrinsic factor and acid production?

Back 12

Vitamin B-12

Front 13

Iron is often suppressed in gastritis patients because of the use of what medication?

Back 13

Powerful acid suppressants

Front 14

Which specific alcoholic beverages should be avoided for patients with peptic ulcers?

Back 14

Beer and wine

Front 15

Peptic ulcers are caused by a number of risk factors, but have this one factor in common:

Back 15

Helicobacter pylori infection

Front 16

After gastric surgery, many patients have trouble absorbing ingested food, and have this specific medical concern?

Back 16

Dumping Syndrome

Front 17

Dumping syndrome can be managed nutritionally by decreasing intake of what type of nutrient?

Back 17

Simple Carbohydrates

Front 18

Decreasing intake of carbohydrates that are likely to be malabsorbed and therefore fermented by intestinal bacteria can be useful in managing what gastrointestinal disturbance?

Back 18

Intestinal gas (flatulence)

Front 19

The first line treatment for this common gastrointestinal disturbance is to ensure that the diet has adequate fiber and fluid.

Back 19

Constipation

Front 20

The fecal contents, including bacteria and any remaining gastrointestinal secretions and foods not digested or absorbed.

Back 20

Residue

Front 21

The first step in managing diarrhea.

Back 21

Fluid and electrolyte replacement

Front 22

Lactose, high amounts of fiber, sugar alcohols, high amounts of sucrose and fructose, caffeine, and alcohol are all foods to limit in what type of diet?

Back 22

Low or Minimum residue diet

Front 23

What class of fats are best tolerated by patients who are experiencing chronic weight loss because of steatorrhea?

Back 23

Medium Chain Triglycerides

Front 24

What amount of fat remaining in the stool would indicate steatorrhea?

Back 24

20%

Front 25

This syndrome is precipitated by the immunologic interaction of gluten in the grains wheat, rye, barley, and oats (by contamination), and intestinal cells; characterized by flattening the villi of the small intestine.

Back 25

Gluten-sensitive enteropathy (celiac disease)

Front 26

This amino acid is the preferred fuel for the enterocyte.

Back 26

Glutamine

Front 27

A malabsorption syndrome resulting from bacterial overgrowth in a surgically created loop or dysfunctional segments of the small intestine.

Back 27

Blind Loop Syndrome

Front 28

Which specific component of gluten are those with gluten-sensitive enteropathy adverse to?

Back 28

Gliadin

Front 29

An acquired diarrheal syndrome with malabsorption that occurs in many tropical areas.

Back 29

Tropical Sprue

Front 30

In addition to administering intramuscular vitamin B12 to patients with tropical sprue, what other nutrient should be supplemented?

Back 30

Folate

Front 31

In addition to supplementation of B12 and folate in patients with Inflammatory bowel disorders, which other nutrient should be supplemented?

Back 31

Vitamin B6

Front 32

In severe cases of inflammatory bowel disease, when patients have severe wasting and inability to digest nutrient, what is the recommendation?

Back 32

Parenteral Nutrition

Front 33

Patients with this condition often become trapped in a vicious cycle in which anxiety about food, GI stress, and social embarrassment leave them with a restrictive diet and worsening symptoms.

Back 33

Irritable Bowel Syndrome

Front 34

For patients with diverticulosis, what is the general nutritional recommendation?

Back 34

high fiber diet

Front 35

For patients with diverticulitis, what is the general nutritional recommendation?

Back 35

Low residue diet

Front 36

Consequences of this condition, brought about by surgery of the gastrointestinal tract, include malabsorption of nutrients, frequent diarrhea, steatorrhea, electrolyte imbalances, and weight loss.

Back 36

Short Bowel Syndrome

Front 37

Those with short bowel syndrome will initially need what type of diet?

Back 37

Total parenteral nutrition

Front 38

The goal after rectal surgery is to delay and decrease stool formation. What is the accepted nutritional recommendation?

Back 38

Minimum residue diets

Front 39

Energy requirements for Liver cirrhosis.

Back 39

120-140% REE

Front 40

Fat intake recommendations for patients with Liver cirrhosis.

Back 40

25-40% percent of calories

Front 41

To promote nitrogen accumulation, how much protein is needed for liver disease patients?

Back 41

1.2-1.3 g/kg/day

Front 42

In what form should all vitamins be for patients with liver disease?

Back 42

Water soluble

Front 43

Parenteral nutrition is recommended for any patient who can take nothing orally for what frame of time?

Back 43

At least 5 days

Front 44

The medical nutrition therapy for ascites is reduction of sodium in the diet to how much?

Back 44

2 g/day

Front 45

The fluid recommendation for patients with hyponaturemia is restricted to:

Back 45

1- 1.5 L/day

Front 46

What category of amino acids are recommended in the management of encephalopahty?

Back 46

Branch chain amino acids (Valine, leucine, iso-leucine)

Front 47

What nutrient must be restricted in cholycystitis?

Back 47

Fat

Front 48

What should not be included in the PN regimen if hypertriglyceridemia is the cause of the pancreatitis?

Back 48

Lipid emulsion

Front 49

Patients with chronic pancreatitis are at risk for developing what specific type of malnutrition?

Back 49

Protein-energy malnutrition

Front 50

This protein, synthesized in the liver in the acute phase response to inflammation, is a marker for CVD:

Back 50

C-reactive protein

Front 51

What are the components of the TLC (theraputic lifestyle change) dietary pattern for prevention of CHD (saturated fat and cholesterol)?

Back 51

Sat fat: less than 7% of total calories
Cholesterol: less than 200 mg/day

Front 52

What are the two diets appropriate for CVD prevention?

Back 52

TLC (theraputic lifestyle change) and DASH (dietary approaches to stop hypertension)

Front 53

These compounds isolated from soybean oils or pine tree oil, have been shown to lower blood cholesterol:

Back 53

Stanols and sterols

Front 54

This amino acid metabolite of methionine has been identified as a potential risk factor for cardiovascular disease.

Back 54

Homocysteine

Front 55

This constellation of risk factors includes glucose intolerance, hypertension, abdominal obesity, low HDL cholesterol, and hypercholesterolemia:

Back 55

Metabolic syndrome

Front 56

This mineral has an inverse relationship with blood pressure, hence as this nutrient increases, blood pressure decreases:

Back 56

Potassium

Front 57

This mineral is a potent inhibitor of vascular smooth muscle contraction, and may play a role in blood pressure regulation as a vasodialator:

Back 57

Magnesium

Front 58

What is the main risk factor for hypertension?

Back 58

Being overweight

Front 59

What is the sodium intake recommendation made by the DASH diet?

Back 59

less than 2.4 g/day sodium

Front 60

These compounds lower surface tension to permit gas exchange at the gas-liquid interface in the alveoli of the lungs:

Back 60

Surfactant

Front 61

This word is used to describe shortness of breath:

Back 61

Dyspnea

Front 62

This word is used to describe rapid breathing:

Back 62

Tachypnea

Front 63

These compounds lower surface tension to permit gas exchange at the gas-liquid interface in the alveoli of the lungs:

Back 63

Surfactant

Front 64

This is the first step in treating the malabsorption and maldigestion associated with cystic fibrosis:

Back 64

Pancreatic Enzyme replacement therapy

Front 65

This word is used to describe shortness of breath:

Back 65

Dyspnea

Front 66

Even with pancreatic enzyme supplementation, these vitamins still remain inadequately absorbed:

Back 66

fat soluble

Front 67

This word is used to describe rapid breathing:

Back 67

Tachypnea

Front 68

The disease coefficient for patients with CF ranges from what for normal lung function to what for very severe lung disease?

Back 68

0.0 to 0.5

Front 69

This is the first step in treating the malabsorption and maldigestion associated with cystic fibrosis:

Back 69

Pancreatic Enzyme replacement therapy

Front 70

The primary goal of MNT for patients with respiratory failure is what?

Back 70

To preserve lean body mass

Front 71

Urinary volume of less than 500 ml/day

Back 71

Oliguria

Front 72

Even with pancreatic enzyme supplementation, these vitamins still remain inadequately absorbed:

Back 72

fat soluble

Front 73

A method of removing waste products from the blood in which diffusion carries them from the blood through the semipermeable peritoneal membrane and into the dialysate; can be either continuous ambulatory, or continuous cyclical.

Back 73

Peritoneal dialysis

Front 74

The disease coefficient for patients with CF ranges from what for normal lung function to what for very severe lung disease?

Back 74

0.0 to 0.5

Front 75

A method for clearing waste products from the body in which blood passes by the semipermeable membrane of the artificial kidney and waste products are removed by diffusion and fluids by ultrafiltration.

Back 75

Hemodyalisis

Front 76

The primary goal of MNT for patients with respiratory failure is what?

Back 76

To preserve lean body mass

Front 77

Urinary volume of less than 500 ml/day

Back 77

Oliguria

Front 78

A method of removing waste products from the blood in which diffusion carries them from the blood through the semipermeable peritoneal membrane and into the dialysate; can be either continuous ambulatory, or continuous cyclical.

Back 78

Peritoneal dialysis

Front 79

A method for clearing waste products from the body in which blood passes by the semipermeable membrane of the artificial kidney and waste products are removed by diffusion and fluids by ultrafiltration.

Back 79

Hemodyalisis

Front 80

After kidney transplantation, what macronutrient must be increased?

Back 80

Protein (1.3-1.5 g/kg)

Front 81

What mineral must be limited in end-stage renal disease, at least temporarily?

Back 81

Potassium