Medical Nutrition: Chapter 1 Of "understanding Normal And Clinical Nutrition" Seventh Edition

Front 1

Chronic

Back 1

Progresses slowly; last long period of time.

Front 2

Acute

Back 2

Develops quickly with sharp symtoms, and runs a short course.

Front 3

Nutrition

Back 3

The science of foods and the nutrients and other substances they contain.

Front 4

Food

Back 4

Product derived from plants or animals that can be taken into the body to yield energy and nutrients.

Front 5

Diet

Back 5

The foods and beverages a person eats and drinks.

Front 6

Functional Foods

Back 6

Whole foods, fortified foods, modified foods. (Foods that yield benefits higher than their nutrient contributions.)

Front 7

Energy

Back 7

The capcity to do work.

Front 8

Nutrients

Back 8

Chemical substances obtained from food and used in the body to provide energy, structural materials, and regulating agents.

Front 9

Phytochemicals

Back 9

Nonnutrient compounds found in plant-derived foods that have biological activity.

Front 10

Nonnutrients

Back 10

Compounds in foods that do not fit within the six classes of nutrients.

Front 11

Inorganic

Back 11

Not containing carbon or pertaining to living things.

Front 12

Organic (Chemistry)

Back 12

A substance containing carbon-carbon bonds or carbon-hydrogen bonds.

Front 13

Organic (Agricultural)

Back 13

Growing crops and raising livestock according to USDA standards.

Front 14

Essential Nutrients

Back 14

Nutrients a person must obtain from food because the body cannot make them for itself in sufficient quantity.

Front 15

Indespensable Nutrients

Back 15

Essential Nutrients

Front 16

Energy-Yielding Nutrient

Back 16

Carbohydrates, fat, and protein.

Front 17

Calories

Back 17

Units by which energy is measured

Front 18

Kilocalories

Back 18

1000 calories

Front 19

Energy Density

Back 19

A measure of the energy a food provides relative to the amount of food (kcal per gram)

Front 20

Vitamins

Back 20

Organic, essential nutrients required in small amounts by the body for health.

Front 21

Minerals

Back 21

Inorganic elements

Front 22

Genome

Back 22

The full complement of DNA in the chromosomes of a cell.

Front 23

Nutritional Genomics

Back 23

The science of how nutrients affect the activities of genes and how genes affect the activities of nutrients.

Front 24

Anecdote

Back 24

A personal account of an experience or event and is not accepted as reliable scientific information.

Front 25

Dietary Reference Intakes (DRI)

Back 25

A nutrient intake values for healthy people in the US and Canada.

Front 26

Requirement

Back 26

The lowest continuing intake of a nutrient that will maintain a specified criterion of adequacy.

Front 27

Estimated Average Requirement (EAR)

Back 27

The average sufficient daily amount of a nutrient in half the healthy people in an age/gender group.

Front 28

Recommended Dietary Allowance (RDA)

Back 28

The average sufficient daily amount of a nutrient needed to keep almost all healthy people healthy.

Front 29

Deficient

Back 29

Not enough of a nutrient to maintain good health. This results in deficiency symptoms.

Front 30

Adequate Intake (AI)

Back 30

The average daily amount of a nutrient that appears to be sufficient to maintain health. Use this in the absence of RDA.

Front 31

Tolerable Upper Intake Level (UL)

Back 31

The max daily amount of a nutrient that appears safe for most healthy people. Beyond this, there is increased risk of health defects.

Front 32

Estimated Energy Requirement (EER)

Back 32

The average dietary energy intake that maintains energy balance/good health in a person of a given age/gender/weight/height/level of phsyical activity.

Front 33

Acceptable Macronutrient Distribution Ranges (AMDR)

Back 33

Ranges of intakes for the energy nutrients that provide adequate energy and nutrients and reduce the risk of chronic diseases.

Front 34

A Registered Dietitian

Back 34

A college-educated food and nutrition specialist who is qualified to evaluate people's nutritional health and needs.

Front 35

Malnutrition

Back 35

Any condition caused by excess or deficient food energy or nutrient intake or by an imbalance of nutrients

Front 36

Undernutrition

Back 36

Deficient energy or nutrients

Front 37

Overnutrition

Back 37

Excess energy or nutrients

Front 38

Nutrition Assessment

Back 38

A comprhensive analysis of a person's nutrition status that uses health, socioeconomic, drug, and diet histories, etc.

Front 39

Anthropometric

Back 39

Realting to measurement of the physical characteristics of the body.

Front 40

Overt

Back 40

Out in the open and easy to observe.

Front 41

Primary Deficiency

Back 41

A nutrient deficiency caused by inadequate dietary intake of a nutrient.

Front 42

Secondary Deficiency

Back 42

Caused by somethaing other than an inadquate intake such as a disease condition or drug interaction that reduces absorption, accelerates use, hastens excretion, or destroys the nutrient.

Front 43

Subclinical Deficiency

Back 43

A deficiency in the early stages, before the outward signs have appeared.

Front 44

Covert

Back 44

Hidden, as if under covers.

Front 45

Healthy People

Back 45

A national public health initiative under the jurisdiction of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services that identifies the most significant preventable threats to health and focuses efforts toward eliminating them.

Front 46

Chronic Diseases

Back 46

Characterized by a slow progression and long duration.

Front 47

Risk Factor

Back 47

A condition or behavior associated with elevated frequency of a disease but not proved to cause it.