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21 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Causes of postural hypotension? |
HANDI:
Hypovolemia/Hypopituitarism Addison's Disease Neuropathy (autonomic) Drugs (vasodilators, TCAs, diuretics, antipsychotics) Idiopathic |
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Common causes of bradycardia?
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PAD HIM
Physiological (athletes/sleep) Paroxysmal bradycardia Atrioventricular 2nd degree block (type II) / 3rd degree Drugs (beta blockers, digoxin, amiodarone) Hypothyroid/hypothermia Icterus (if severe) Myocardial Infarction |
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Causes of ST elevation?
Common vs Everything Else |
Common: MVPP
Myocardial Infarction Ventricular Aneurysm Prinzmetal's Angina Pericarditis Everything Else: ELEVATION Electrolyte Imbalances LBBB Early repolarization Ventricular Hypertrophy Aneurysm Treatment (i.e., pericardiocentesis) Injury Osborne waves (hypothermia) Non-occlusive vasospasm (Prinzmetal's) |
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Features of acute arterial obstruction in an extremity?
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The Six P's
Pistol shot onset Pain Pallor Parasthesia Paralysis Perishing cold or Poikiothermia |
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The syncope differential?
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HEAD, HEART and VESS(E)LS
Hypoglycemia/Hypoxia Epilepsy Anxiety Dysfunction of the brainstem (i.e., brainstem TIA) Heart attack Embolism of the pulmonary artery Aortic obstruction (aortic stenosis, myxoma) Rhythm disturbance Tachycardia, especially VT Vasovagal Ectopic pregnancy Situational (i.e., micturition, defecation) Subclavian steal Low systemic vascular resistance (i.e., anaphylaxis) Sensitive carotid sinus |
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Some common causes of asystole?
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HAD 3 Hypo's
Hyperkalemia Acidosis Drugs Hypoxia, Hypothermia, Hypokalemia |
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A general approach to chronic heart failure?
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DAVID Bowie
Diuretics ACE inhibitors Vasodilators Inotropes (i.e., Digoxin) Beta-blockers (i.e., carvedilol, an alpha+beta adrenergic antagonis) |
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Side effects of Digoxin?
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GECCK+!
GIT: nausea, vomiting, abdo pain, ulceration Eyes: blurring/haloes/xanthopsia CNS: depression, confusion, delirium, hallucinations Cardiac: arrhythmias K+: Hypokalemia |
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Differential for a leg ulcer?
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VAIN PAIN
Venous insufficiency Arterial insufficiency Infection (i.e. syphilis) Neuropathic Pressure sores Arthritis (i.e., RA, PAN) Injury Neoplastic |
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The characteristics of the jugular venous pressure?
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MOPHAR
Multi-waveform Occludable Positional variation Hepato-jugular reflux Above filling Impalpable Respiratory changes |
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Some causes of atrial fibrillation?
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ARITHMATIC
Alcohol Rhematoid heart disease Ischemic heart disease Thyrotoxicosis Hypertension Mitral stenosis / MI Atrial septal defect /atrial myxoma Toxins Idiopathic/Infective endocarditis Cardiomyopathy /constrictive pericarditis |
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Seom causes of supraventricular tachycardia?
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SNAP
Sinus tachycardia Nodal tachycardia (i.e. re-entrant vs. WPW) Atrial fibrillation Paroxysmal atrial tachycardia |
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The Jones criteria for Rheumatic fever?
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Major criteria: CASES
Carditis Arthritis (Migratory) Subcutaneous nodules Erythema marginatum Sydenham's chorea Minor criteria- 4 PA Pyrexia Prolonged PR Past Hx of rheumatic fever Positive (raised) ESR and/or CRP Arthralgia |
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6 complications of mitral stenosis
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PASTRI
Pulmonary hypertension Atrial fibrillation Systemic embolization Tricuspid regurgitation Right heart failure Infective endocarditis |
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List some complications of a myocardial infarction
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ABCDE
Arrhythmias / Aneurysm Bradycardia / BP low Cardiac failure / cardiac tamponade Dressler's syndrome / Death Embolism of mural thrombus |
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Contraindications to beta-adrenergic receptor antagonists? (beta blockers)
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ABCDE
Acute asthma exacerbation Block (heart) Cardiac failure (now controversial) Diabetes Mellitus (hypoglycemic shock) Extremities (peripheral vascular disease) |
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Side effects of ACE inhibitors?
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CAPTOPRIL
Cough (bradykinin mediated) Anaphylaxis Palpitations Taste (loss of) Orthostatic hypotension Potassium elevation Renal impairment Impotence Leukocytosis |
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5 causes of 3rd heart sound?
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FIPPY
Failure Incompetence (mitral/tricuspid) Pregnancy Pulmonary embolus Youth |
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4 causes of a 4th heart sound?
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HITS
Hypertension / Heart block Ischemic heart disease Tamponade Stenosis (aortic/pulmonary) |
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Causes of pericarditis?
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DRAUMSTICX
Dressler's syndrome Rheumatic fever Arthritis (rheumatoid) Uremia Myocardial infarction SLE Trauma Idiopathic Coxsackie B virus X-ray (ionizing radiation) |
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Symptoms and prognosis of aortic stenosis?
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SAD 1,2,6
Syncope - 1 yr Angina - 2 yrs Dyspnea - 6 month prognosis |
