Reading...
Play button
Play button
Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
18 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
Bactericidal Agents (7)
|
1. aminoglycosides
2. B lactams 3. Vancomycin 4.Daptomycin 5. Quinolones 6. Rifampin 7. Metronidazole |
|
|
Bacteriostatic agents (7)
|
1. Macrolides
2. Clindamycin 3. Sulfonamides 4. Trimethoprim 5. Tetracyclines 6. Tigecycline 7. Linezolid |
|
|
Bacteriocidal agents are preferred when: (3)
|
1. severe life threatening infections
2. infections in immunocompromised hosts 3. infections at body sites where assistance from host defenses is minimal |
|
|
MBC
|
Utilizes broth determined from MIC, uses subcultures of aliquots meeting the MIC criteria, uses the antimicrobial concentration that results in 99.9% reduction in compared with the organism concentration in the original inoculum (That is the MBC)
|
|
|
Significance of the MBC
|
Uncertain results of MBC might lead to treatment failure, if the MBC is equal to or greater han 32 times the MIC, the organism might be tolerant
|
|
|
Concentration dependent antimicrobials (3)
|
Aminoglycosides
Quinolones Daptomycin |
|
|
Time dependent antimicrobials (2)
|
B lactams
Vancomycin |
|
|
If drug is time dependent would you give a high or low dose?
|
Low dose given frequently or as continuous infusion
|
|
|
If a drug is concentration dependent, would you give a high or low dose, and how frequent?
|
High dose with intermittent frequency
|
|
|
AUC:MIC ratio is a developing concept
|
Measures both the magnitude and exposure of antimicrobials
Used for quinolones and vancomycin |
|
|
Cpmax: MIC ratio
|
- The higher the ratio, the higher the rate of kill
- May be important for both efficacy and prevention of resistance - Quinolones and aminoglycosides (equal or greater than 10 maximizes activity) |
|
|
Post antibiotic effect (PAE)
|
This is when the the concentration is below the MIC, but growth of bacteria continues to be inhibted
|
|
|
Post antibiotic effect for Gram +
|
Exhibit at least 1 hour of PAE
|
|
|
Post antibiotic effect for Gram -
|
Occurs with antibiotics that inhibit DNA or protein synthesis
(ex. quinolones, aminoglycosides) |
|
|
What antibiotic reduces renal toxicity and has a postantibiotic effect?
|
Aminoglycosides
|
|
|
Why do we use combination antimicrobial therapy? (4)
|
1. Treatment of a polymicrobial infection caused by organisms with different resistance profiles
2. Achieving more rapid bactericidal activity than could be achieved with a single agent 3.Achieving bactericidal activity against an organism for which no single agent is lethal 4.Minimizing the emergence of resistance |
|
|
Outcomes of using a combination therapy of antibiotics: (3)
|
1. Synergy - combination exceeds that of a single agent alont
2. Indifference - level of activity is no better than single agent alone 3. Antagonism - level of activity is substantially less than the activity of agent alone |
|
|
Examples of synergy:
|
For enterococcal endocarditis use ampicillin + gentamicin.
For Cryptococcal meningitis use amphotericin B + flucytosine |
