Medical Massage Lesson #2

Front 1

Function of Muscles

Back 1

* to contract in order to produce the acceleration, deceleration, or static position of the skeletal structure

Front 2

Skeletal Muscle

Back 2

* most abundant tissue in the body

~ makes up about 40 - 45% of total weight of the human body

Front 3

Isometric Contraction

Back 3

* muscle contracts but does NOT lengthen or shorten

Front 4

Isotonic Contraction

Back 4

* has 2 types of movement

1) Concentric: muscle Shortens as it contracts

2) Eccentric: muscle Lengthens as it contracts

Front 5

Hypertonicity

Back 5

* tightening of a muscle

~ most commonly occurring soft tissue pathology

Front 6

Trigger Points

Back 6

* hyperirritable focus usually found within a taunt band of skeletal or muscle fascia

~ always painful upon compression

~ gives rise to reffered pain

~ autonomic phenomena

Front 7

Autonomic Phenomena

Back 7

* sweating, goosebumps, tearing, & changes in temperature

Front 8

Most Common Trigger Point Muscles

Back 8

* Quadratus Lumborum

* Upper Trapezius

* Levator Scapula

* Infraspinatus

~ develop trigger points due to greater physical demand

Front 9

Active Trigger Points

Back 9

* symptomatic & refers pain

Front 10

Latent Trigger Points

Back 10

* asymptomatic & most common

Front 11

Primary Trigger Points

Back 11

* activated by acute or chronic overload of a muscle

Front 12

Associated Trigger Points

Back 12

* 2 types

1) Satellite

2) Secondary

Front 13

Satellite Trigger Points

Back 13

* activated by being in a referral pattern of another trigger point

Front 14

Secondary Trigger Points

Back 14

* activated by being overloaded as a synergist or antagonist of a muscle

Front 15

Trigger Point Activation

Back 15

*C: cold

*R: referral

*I: ischemic

*O: overload

*T: trauma

*S: stress

Front 16

Trigger Point Treatment

Back 16

* Ischemic Compression: stretching a muscle to the point of discomfort

~ apply pressure, about 20 - 30 pounds for up to 1 minute

~ best & most common technique to treat trigger points

Front 17

Atrophy

Back 17

* muscle loosing size & function due to lack of use ( muscle wasting away )

~ loss of strength & nervous system dysfunction due to disuse & denervation ( loss or impairment of nerve supply to a muscle )

~ result of nerve compression, disease, or trauma to a nerve

Front 18

Contusion

Back 18

* CRUSH INJURY: caused by a direct blow to a muscle & causes disruption in the fibers

Front 19

Ecchymosis

Back 19

* bruising, follows a contusion

Front 20

Myositis Ossification

Back 20

* ossification within the muscle tissue after a contusion

~ locally contraindicated for massage

Front 21

sTrain

Back 21

* Tendon: attaches muscle to bone

( Muscle ) an overstretch or tear to a musculotendinous unit

~ loss of muscle function

Front 22

sTrain Causes

Back 22

~ forced overstretching of a muscle

~ contraction against heavy resistance

~ muscle imbalances

Front 23

sTrain Contributing Factors

Back 23

~ lack of warm up

~ limited flexibility

~ overuse

~ history

~ altered biomechanics or posture

Front 24

sPrain

Back 24

* Ligament: attaches bone to bone

( Joint ) an overstretch or tear to a ligament ( heals slower )

~ loss of joint function

Front 25

sPrain Causes

Back 25

~ sudden or violent twist or wrench of a joint beyond normal R.O.M

Front 26

sPrain Contributing Factors

Back 26

~ hypermobility

~ history of injury

Front 27

Bursa

Back 27

* fluid filled sac that cusions around a joint ( between bone & soft tissue )

Front 28

Bursitis

Back 28

* the acute or chronic inflammation of a bursa

~ often a secondary condition

Front 29

Bursitis Causes & Contributing Factors

Back 29

* Causes: direct trauma, chronic overuse, & infection

* Contributing Factors: muscle imbalance, poor biomechanics, postural dysfunction

Front 30

Bursitis Treatment

Back 30

~ Friction the bursa in chronic stage

~ address casual factors

~ Ice the bursa in acute stage

Front 31

Tendinitis

Back 31

* inflammation of a tendon

Front 32

Tendinosis

Back 32

* degeneration or break down of collagen fibers

Front 33

Tendinosis Causes

Back 33

~ repetitive use

Front 34

Tendinosis Treatment

Back 34

* Friction to the site of injury

Front 35

Tenosynovitis

Back 35

* chronic overuse problem affecting only the tendons enclosed in the synovial sheath

Front 36

Synovial Sheath

Back 36

* surrounds a tendon in the distal extremities

* Function: to reduce friction between the tendon & retinaculum