Medical Immunology: Module 2

Front 1

APOPTOSIS

Back 1

1. PROCESS OF PROGRAMMED CELL DEATH/ CELL SUICIDE

Front 2

LYSOZYME

Back 2

1. MEMBRANE-BOUND ORGANELLE THAT CONTAINS ENZYMES THAT BREAKDOWN WASTE MATERIALS AND CELLULAR DEBRIS
2. INTRACELLULAR DIGESTION
3. ENZYME CAPABLE OF DESTROYING CELL WALLS OF CERTAIN BACTERIA; MILD ANTISEPTIC

Front 3

OPSONINS

Back 3

ANTIBODY COATS PATHOGENS OR ANTIBODY-ANTIGEN COMPLEXES TO MAKE THEM MORE SUSCEPTIBLE TO PHAGOCYTOSIS

Front 4

GRANZYME

Back 4

RELEASED W/IN CYTOTOXIC T-CELLS & NK CELLS WHICH INDUCES APOPTOSIS (CELL-DEATH) W/IN VIRUS INFECTED CELLS, DESTROYING THEM

Front 5

PERFORIN

Back 5

1. PROTEIN RELEASED FROM CYTOTOXIC T-CELLS & NK CELLS WHICH ATTACKS TARGET CELLS
2. CREATES A PORE/HOLE IN TARGET CELL MEMBRANE
3. CELL DIES

Front 6

ENDOSOME

Back 6

1. MEMBRANE-BOUND COMPARTMENT INSIDE EUKARYOTIC CELLS THAT DEGRADES ENGULFED CELL MATERIAL OR RECYCLES IT BACK TO THE CELLS SURFACE
2. ALSO INVOLVED W/ TRANSPORT W/IN THE CELL

Front 7

PHAGOSOME

Back 7

1. VESICLE FORMED AROUND AN ABSORBED PARTICLE DURING PHAGOCYTOSIS
2. THIS IS WHERE AN ORGANISM IS KILLED

Front 8

PHAGOLYSOSOME

Back 8

1. LYSOSOME GRANULES IN CELL COMBINE W/ PHAGOSOME TO FORM THIS
2. ENZYMES IN HERE WILL DEGRADE MICROBES OR EXPEL ORGANISM IF ITS TOO LARGE TO BE ENGULFED

Front 9

CLASSIC C3 CONVERTASE

Back 9

1. C4b2a
2. MOST ABUNDANT COMPLEMENT
3. COMMON W/IN ALL THREE PATHWAYS
4. CLEAVES TO C3a & C3b

Front 10

ALTERNATE C3 CONVERTASE

Back 10

C3bBb
CLEAVES TO C3

Front 11

C5 CONVERTASE

Back 11

1. C4b2a3b
2. CLEAVES INTO C5a & C5b

Front 12

WHAT FACTOR STABILIZES THE C3bBb

Back 12

PROPERDIN

Front 13

HOW IS THE CLASSIC PATHWAY ACTIVATED?

Back 13

BY BINDING OF C1 COMPLEX WHICH CONSISTS OF C1q, C1r, & C1s

Front 14

HOW IS THE ALTERNATIVE PATHWAY ACTIVATED?

Back 14

ACTIVATION IS INDICATED DIRECTLY ON THE SURFACE OF THE PATHOGEN OR MICROBE & IS INDEPENDENT OF ANTIBODIES

Front 15

HOW IS THE LECTIN PATHWAY ACTIVATED?

Back 15

1. WHEN A PROTEIN (MANNOSE-BINDING LECTIN) RECOGNIZED & BINDS TO MANNOSE RESIDUES ON A PATHOGENS CELL SURFACE
2. MICROBE SURFACE MANNOSE SUGAR

Front 16

ANAPHYLATOXINS

Back 16

1. C3a, C4a, & C5a
2. GRANULE RELEASE FROM MAST CELLS & BASOPHILS
3. INDUCE TRAUMATIC EVENTS
4. ANAPHYLAXIS: SEVERE SYSTEMIC REACTION

Front 17

MAC COMPLEX AND WHAT IT DOES

Back 17

C5bC6C7C8C9
CAUSES LYSIS OF PATHOGEN
MEMBRANE ATTACK COMPLEX

Front 18

WHAT CELLS PRODUCE THE MAJORITY OF THE COMPLEMENT PROTEINS?

Back 18

1. HEPATOCYTES (LIVER CELLS)
2. ACTIVATED MACROPHAGES

Front 19

WHATS THE MOST ABUNDANT COMPLEMENT PROTEIN?

Back 19

C3

Front 20

WHAT CAUSES REDNESS & HEAT?

Back 20

DILATION OF BLOOD VESSELS

Front 21

WHAT CAUSES EDEMA?

Back 21

SWELLING DUE TO LEAKAGE OF FLUID INTO AREA

Front 22

WHAT CAUSES PAIN?

Back 22

SWELLING & STIMULATION OF PAIN RECEPTORS

Front 23

EXTRAVASATION

Back 23

1. HOW NEUTROPHILS & MACROPHAGES GET TO INJURED TISSUES
2. ESCAPE OF BLOOD, LYMPH, OR BODY FLUID FROM VESSELS INTO TISSUES

Front 24

DESCRIBE THE FIRST STEP IN THE PROCESS OF EXTRAVASATION: ROLLING

Back 24

1. DURING INFLAMMATION ENDOTHELIAL CELLS RECEIVE ALARM SIGNALS FROM CYTOKINES
2. ENDOTHELIAL CELLS THEN EXPRESS PROTEIN SELECTIN (SEL) ON SURFACE
3. SELECTIN WILL BIND TO SELECTN LIGANS (SLIG) FOUND ON NEUTROPHILS
(BOND ISNT STRONG AND CAUSES NEUTROPHIL TO ROLL ALONG DAMAGED TISSUE)

Front 25

DESCRIBE THE 2ND STEP IN THE PROCESS OF EXTRAVASATION: SNIFFING & STOPPING

Back 25

1. AS NEUTROPHIL ROLLS, IT SNIFFS FOR A SIGNAL THAT AN INFLAMMATORY REACTION IS GOIGN ON IN THE TISSUE
2. C5a (COMPLEMENT FRAGMENT), LPS (BACTERIAL WALL COMPONENT) CAUSES NEUTROPHIL TO EXPRESS A NEW PROTEIN CALLED INEGRIN OR INT ON ITS SURFACE
3. INT WILL BIND TO INTRACELLULAR ADHESION MOLECULE CALLED ICAM FOUND ON THE SURFACE OF ENDOTHELIAL CELLS
4. THIS INTERACTION IS VERY STRONG & CAUSES NEUTROPHIL TO STOP ROLLING

Front 26

DESCRIBE THE 3RD STEP INT HE PROCESS OF EXTRAVASATION: MIGRATION TO INFLAMED TISSUE

Back 26

1. CHEMO-ATTRACTIVES SUCH AS C5a & FRAGMENTS OF BACTERIA KNOWN AS f-met PEPTIDES ALLOW NEUTROPHILS TO SQUEEZE THROUGH ENDOTHELIAL CELLS & MIGRATE TO SITE OF INFLAMMATION

Front 27

WHAT'S THE ROLE OF PHAGOCYTES IN INNATE IMMUNITY?

Back 27

PROCESS OF ENGULFING & DESTROYING UNWANTED ENTITIES

Front 28

WHATS THE ROLE OF NK CELLS IN INNATE IMMUNITY?

Back 28

TO DETECT DEFECTIVE OR ABNORMAL CELLS BY LOOKING FOR ABNORMAL SURFACE ANTIGENS & LOOKING FOR A REDUCED # OF MCH ANTIGENS

Front 29

ONE OF THE FUNCTIONS OF COMPLEMENT IS CELL LYSIS. THIS FUNCTION IS ACCOMPLISHED THROUGH DEVELOPMENT OF ______.

Back 29

THE MEMBRANE ATTACK COMPLEX
MAC

Front 30

OUR NATURAL IMMUNITY, THE ONE WE ARE BORN WITH IS CALLED WHAT?

Back 30

INNATE IMMUNITY

Front 31

TWO RESEARCHERS DEVELOPED VACCINES AGAINST POLIO AROUND THE SAME TIME PERIOD. WHICH ONE USED LIVE, ATTENUATED VIRUS IN HIS VACCINE PREPARATION?

Back 31

ALBERT SABIN USED LIVE, ATTENUATED VIRUS IN HIS VACCINE & IT WAS ADMINISTERED VIA SUGAR CUBE.

Front 32

WHAT AGENT DID EDWARD JENNER USE TO PROMOTE IMMUNITY TO SMALLPOX?

Back 32

COWPOX VIRUS