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32 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What are the three mechanisms of immunologic tolerance induction?
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clonal deletion, clonal anergy, suppression
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where does central tolerance occur, and what mechanism is involved?
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bone marrow and thymus, clonal deletion
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What is the function of HLA?
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to present antigens (it is the human MHC complex)
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What auto-antibody is most specific to SLE?
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anti-body against ds DNA (ANA Anti-nuclear Ab is less specific)
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What are the top four most prevalent clinical manifestations of SLE
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hematologic, arthritis, skin, fever
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Butterfly rash on the face is a characteristic skin clinical manifestation of which autoimmune disease?
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SLE
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_____________________ is a chronic, recurrent, systemic inflammatory disease that primarily involves the joints. Age of onset is usually 40 – 70 years.
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Rheumatoid Arthritis
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Anti-CCP is a specific indicator of which autoimmune disease?
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RA
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Joint deformity and destruction is very characteristic of which autoimmune disease?
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RA
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Which inflammatory cytokines are important in RA?
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TNF-alpha, IL-1, IL-17
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What tissue is being targeted in the autoimmune attack occurring in Type I diabetes?
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beta cells of the pancreatic Islets of Langerhans
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A 9-year-old boy was seen by his PCP with approximately 3-week history of excessive thirst, polyuria, and a weight loss of 3 kg. According to his mother he seemed lethargic during the day, and slept excessively at night. He reported some blurred vision. He most likely has what autoimmune disease?
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IDDM
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What autoimmune disease is the most common form of hypothyroidism in the US?
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Hashimoto Thyroiditis
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What are the symptoms of hypothyroidism?
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fatigue, weakness, weight gain, cold intolerance, muscle cramps, dry pale skin
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A 13-year-old female patient presents with vague abdominal discomfort, malaise, and occasional non-bloody diarrhea over a 5-month period. Her mother stated there was weight loss and anorexia. Examination revealed hyper pigmentation, even on buccal mucosa and gingiva. Lab tests revealed low cortisol levels and antibodies to the adrenal cortex. The most likely diagnosis is what autoimmune disease?
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Addison's disease
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What are the signs and symptoms of Addison's disease?
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adrenal insufficiency - hypotension, anorexia, malaise, hyperpigmentation
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What is the most common form of Polyglandular Autoimmune Syndromes?
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Type II
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Which form of Polyglandular Autoimmune Syndrome is associated with a defect in AIRE transcription factor?
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Type I
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What is the mechanism of disease in Grave's Disease?
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Autoantibody binds to and stimulates TSH receptor on thyroid, causing hyperthyroidism
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What are the signs of hyperthyroidism?
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hand tremors, nervousness, weight loss, tachycardia
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What is the primary patient population and symptoms of Goodpasture's Syndrome?
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young males, bloody sputum and/or urine
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Which autoimmune disease is caused by circulating antibody to basement membrane?
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Goodpasture's sydrome
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____________________ feature immunologic reactions against rbc proteins
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immune hemolytic anemias
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What is the most common type of autoimmune hemolytic anemia?
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Warm-antibody
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Which type of autoimmune hemolytic anemia features IgG?
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warm-antibody
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Which type of autoimmune hemolytic anemia features mostly IgM?
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cold-antibody
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To determine transfusion/transplant compatibility, would you use a direct or indirect Coomb's test?
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indirect
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In what disease are auto-reactive antibodies are directed against the acetylcholine receptors at neuromuscular junctions?
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Myasthenia Gravis
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Giant-cell Arteritis, Wegener's Granulomatosis and Henoch-Schonlein purpura are examples of what autoimmune disease?
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Inflammatory Vasculitides
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Which autoimmune pathology may involve immune complexes, antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies (ANCA), or anti-endothelial cell antibodies?
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Inflammatory Vasculitides
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Which autoimmune disease is caused by an autoimmune Ab against keratinocyte antigens?
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Pemphigus Vulgaris
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______________________ is a chronic debilitating disease that features inflammatory demyelination of the CNS, resulting in progressive motor weakness, parethesias, visual impairment, ataxia
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MS
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