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17 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What are the three categories of immunosuppressive drugs discussed in class?
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Corticosteroids, Immunosuppressive agents, Cytotoxic drugs
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what is Hsp90?
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heat shock protein; it is found bound to steroid receptor in the cytoplasm. it is released when steroid binds to steroid receptor.
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Once in the nucleus, what does the steroid/steroid receptor complex do?
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either activates or inhibits gene transcription.
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What is NF-kappa-B?
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it is a transcription factor for pro-inflammatory cytokine synthesis. It can be inhibited by the steroid/steroid receptor complex
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What are Cyclosporin A, tacrolimus and rapamycin and what is their main effect?
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Immunosuppressive agents; interfere with T-cell signaling
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_________ dephosphorylates NFAT allowing it to enter the nucleus and ____________ gene transcription --> synthesis of IL-2
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calcineurin; activates
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Cyclosporin and tacrolimus act by blocking _________
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clacineurin
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Rapamycin blocks __________
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serine/threonine kinase (mTOR)
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Cyclophosphamide is a __________ _______
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cytotoxic drug (alkylates DNA)
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Azathiprine and mycophenolate mofetil are __________ __________
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cytoxic drugs (interfere w/ DNA synthesis)
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____________ interferes with DNA synthesis and blocks CD28 co-stimulation
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azathioprine
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by what mechanism would anti-alpha4 integrin help with multiple sclerosis?
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block the migration of immune cells into brain tissues
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______________: toxins that have been weakened by: chemical treatment (ex. formalin), heating, or genetic manipulation (example: tetanus and diphtheria toxoids)
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toxoids
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______________: whole bacteria that have been killed using the same approaches as described for toxoids (example: cholera vaccine consists of inactivated bacteria in combination with or without the non-toxic cholera toxin B subunit)
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killed vaccines
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______________: live vaccines containing weakened forms of the organism that causes the disease (example: flu vaccine; polio vaccine; MMR vaccine)
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attenuated vaccines
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_________________: composed of isolated antigenic components of a pathogen but not the pathogen itself (example: hepatitis A and B vaccines)
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subunit vaccines
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_______________: capsular polysaccharides that are joined chemically to an immunogenic protein (example: H. influenzae vaccine)
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conjugate vaccines
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