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74 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What are the 4 Principal Layers of the GIT?
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-mucosa
-Submucosa -Muscularis Propia -Serosa |
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In smooth muscle cells, what seperates the Mucosa from the submucosa?
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Musclaris Mucosae
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What does the Submucosa consist of? (3)
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-Meisner Nerve Plexus
-dense connective tissue -blood and lymph vessels |
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Where is Auerbachs Nerve Plexus located?
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Muscularis Propia
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What does the Serosa consist of?(3)
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-Simple Squamous epithelium
-loose connective tissue -adipose tissue |
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What diease in Neonates consists of a missing nerve plexus?
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Hirschsprung Diease
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What is the result of Hirschsprung Diease?(2)
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-Failure of Peristalsis
-nerve plexus fails to migrate in emybro developement. |
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In the U.S. where does Burkitts Lymphoma arrise? (2)
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-Tumors in the GI of small bowel.
-Peyer Patches of the small bowel |
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What people are @ risk to Burkitts lymphoma? (2)
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-Immunocompromised Patients
-Kids |
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What kind of growth is Barrett's Esophagus?
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Metaplastic plasia
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Is metaplastic plasia malignat or benign process?
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Benign
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What is Barrett's esophagus due to?
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-Long standing GERD
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What kind of Epithelium does esophagus have?
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Nonkeratinized Stratified Squamous
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What is the fnx of the LES?
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Controls motility of GI
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What is the term that notes compromise of LES?
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Achalasia
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What clincial name correlates with GERD.
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Reflux Esophagitis
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Clincial name for Metaplastic Esophagus?
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Barretts Esophagus
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What are surface epithelial lining invaginations in the muscosa of the stomach?
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Gastric Pits
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What is the clinical name for a Dialated Vein in the esophagus?
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Esophageal Varcies
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What is cancer of the stomach called?
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Adenocarcinoma
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What 2 substances does parietal cells produce?
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-Intrinsic Factor
-HCL |
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What does lack in Inrinsic Factor cause?
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dec. absorption
vit B12 def. |
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What is the etiology of Pernicious Anemia?
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Autoimmune; destroys parietal cells
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What Bac is a common cause of gastric ulcers & lymphoma.
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H. pylori
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What is the most distinctive characteristic of the Small Bowel?
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Mucosal lining w/ numerous Villi
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What does atrophy of villi cause?
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Malabsorption
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In the small bowel, What are the small invaginations of the epithelium into Lamina propia bet villi, that form intestinal glands?
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Crypts of Lieberkuhn
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What are the clusters of Lymph. tissue in the lamina propia of the ileum of small bowel.
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Peyer Patches
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What is the key point of identifiying the small bowel?
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Villi processes
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What is the key point in identifying the large intestine?
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Inverted test tubes
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The colon has Many --?--, and No --?---.
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-Many Crypts of Liberkun
-No Villi |
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What type of tissue is below the pectinate line?
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Squamous
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What is cancer of the Anus called?
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Squamous Cell Carcinoma
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What causes compression of the sinusoids in hepatocytes?
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Cirrioshis
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What makes up the Portal Triad in liver?
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-Portal Vein
-Hepatic Artery -Bile Duct |
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What is Cholelitihiasis?
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Gallstones; cholesterol stones
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What is Cholecystitis?
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Inflamation of the gallbladder.
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What do Testes produce? 2
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Testosterone and Spermatozoa
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What is the fnx of leydig cells.
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secrete testosterone
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What cells support, protect, and nourish spermatogenic cells in testis?
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Sertoli Cells
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What is the terminal end of the uterus called?
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Cervix
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Where does the cervix extends into?
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Vagina
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What kind of tissue does cervix consist of?
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Non-keratinizing squamous epithelium
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What tissue does the endometrium consist of?
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Simple Columnar Epithelium
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What lies bet. Follicular cells?
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Parafollicular cells
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What does Parafollicular cells secrete?
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Calcitonin
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What is the most predomaint cell(structural) in the epidermis?
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Keratincytes
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What is the Fnx of Melanocytes?
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distribute melanin into keratinocytes.protects against UV
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What is the fnx of Langerhan cells.
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APC's
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What are the 3 main cell types in the epidermis.
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-keratinocytes
-melanocytes -Langerhans cells |
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Where is type II collagen mostly found? 2
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-Matrices of Hylaline Cartilage
-Elastic Cartilage |
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What is the most common cartilage in the body?
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Hylaline Cartilage
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What cells produce the cartlidge matrix?
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Chondrocytes
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What is present in elastic cartilage and absent in fibroblasts?
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perichondrium
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What is a malignacy of cartilage called?
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Chondrosarcoma
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What kind of epithelium is present in bronchi?
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puesdostratified columnar epithelium
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Where is fibrocartilage found?
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Intervertbral discs at major joints of the body.
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What is the disorder where a patient lacks Collagen?
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Earlier Danloss syndrome
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What is the Etiology of Celiacs Sprue?
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Autoimmune
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What are the histological structures involved in Celiacs sprue?
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Atrophy(destruction) of the villi
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What is the diease involved in celaics sprue?
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Malabsorption
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What causes a fatty liver?
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Triglycerides
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What is the clinical term for fatty liver?
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Steotosis
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What is bone marrow failure called?
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aplastic anemia
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Proliferation of cells in the bone marrrow?
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leukemia
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Too (many/few) platelets?
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Thrombocytosis;Thrombocytopenia
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Presentation of brain w/alzhemiers.
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wide sucli and narrow gyri
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Type of epithelium that is located at sites of rapid diffusion? eg. alveoli, bowmans cap?
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Simple Squamous Epithelium
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What type of epithelium makes up ducts of many glands in our body?
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Simple Cuboidal Epithelium
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What epithelium is involved in active secretion or absorption of material or if ciliated movement along surfaces?
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Simple columnar epithelium
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What epithelium is composed of a superfical layer of columnar cells and a cubodial deep layer contacting the basal lamina? eg penile urethra.
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Stratified Columnar Epithelium
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What is the type of epithelium that is most of the time found ciliated and 2 or more nucleui are found very close to each other but both rest on the basement membrane. eg. trachea bronchi
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Pseudostratified Columnar Epithelium
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What type of epithelium contains several layers(stratified) with a surface area that is large and dome shaped thats found in the bladder.
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Transitional Epithelium
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What type of epithelium is present in areas for protection or wet mucus surfaces that may or may not be keratinized. eg.skin or esophagus
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Keratinized/nonkeritanized stratified squamous epithelium
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