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100 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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cirrhosis
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Gr. kirrhos = tawny yellow.
Laennec coined this term for the yellowish liver of fat and fibrosis. It now has a wider application, tending to connote fibrosis irrespective of color. |
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cisterna
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L. cisterna = a reservoir or cistern.
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clavicle
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L. clavicula, diminutive of clavis = a key.
So named for its resemblance in shape. |
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coccyx
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Gr. kokkyx = cuckoo.
Adopted for anatomy from a supposed resemblance of this bone to the beak of a cuckoo. |
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coelom
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Gr. koiloma = a hollow.
Used in embryology, and as a name for the general body cavity in the adult. |
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collagen
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Gr. kolla = glue, and gennào = to produce. ||
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commissure
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L. commissura; from con (com-) = together, and mittere = to put.
Hence a joining or a seam. |
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condyle
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Gr. kondylos = a knuckle. ||
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conjunctiva
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L. con = with, and jungere (junctus) = to join.
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constrictor
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L. con = together, and stringere = to pull.
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conus
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Gr. konos = a cone or peg.
Used of various more or less peg-shaped anatomical structures: for example, the conus medullaris of the spinal cord.. |
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cornea
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L. corneus = horny.
The cornea of the eye was formally called the cornea tela, which meant the horny tissue or layer. |
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cornu
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L. cornu = a horn.
Applied especially to horn-shaped structures in the CNS. |
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coronary
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L.coronarius = pertaining to or like a crown.
Applied especially to the arteries of the heart, so called because they encircle the organ as a wreath or crown. |
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corpus
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L. corpus = body.
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corpus luteum
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L. luteus = yellow.
Describing the scarring of the ovary. |
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cortex
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L. cortex = outer layer or bark.
In anatomy, it is applied to the outer layer of organs. |
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cranium
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Gr. kranion = skull.
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cremaster
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Gr. kremastos = hanging.
Galen used this appropriate name for the muscle on which the testicle is hung. || |
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cribriform
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L cribrum = a sieve, and forma = form.
Applied to the sieve-like plate of the ethmoid bone. |
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cricoid
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Gr. krikos = a circle or ring, and eidos = resemblance.
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crus
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L. crista = leg.
Any structure in anatomy resembling a leg or, in the plural crura, of a pair of dividing structures. |
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cuboid
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Gr. kybos = a cube, and eidos = resemblance.
A square bone in the foot. || |
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cuneiform
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L. cuneus = a wedge, and forma = form.
In anatomy for wedge-shaped bones in the wrist and ankle. |
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cutaneous
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L. cutaneus = relating to the skin; from cutis = skin.
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cyst
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Gr. kystis = bladder.
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cyto-
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Gr. kytos = vessel or urn; the same as the Latin vas.
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dactyl
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Gr. daktylos = finger or toe.
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decidua
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L. decidus = falling off.
The decidua is the altered mucous membrane lining the uterus during pregnancy and puerperium. |
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deferens
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L. de = away, and ferre = to carry.
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deltoid
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Gr. delta = the Greek letter , and eidos = resemblance.
Applied to the deltoid muscle because of its triangular shape. || |
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depressor
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L. de = down, premere = to press, and the suffix -or = the agent.
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diaphragm
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Gr. diaphragma = a wall or partition; from dia = across, and phragma = a wall.
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diastole
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Gr. dia = apart, and stellein = to send.
Hence to dilate or spread. |
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diencephalon
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Gr. dia (di-) = through, and encephalon = brain.
Hence the “between” brain. |
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digastric
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Gr. di = two, and gaster = belly.
A term descriptive of this muscle, which has two different bellies. |
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distal
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L. distare = to stand apart or to be distant.
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dorsal
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L. dorsum = the back.
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duodenum
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L. duodeni = twelve.
Thus named because of its length in fingerbreadths. || |
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dura
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L. durus = hard. ||
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endocrine
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Gr. endon = within, and krinein = to separate.
Denotes a gland whose product passes into the blood, being separated within the gland. |
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ependyma
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Gr. epi = upon, and endyma = a garment.
In anatomy, applied to the lining of the spinal canal or outer covering of the spinal cord. |
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epicardium
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Gr. epi = upon, and kardia = heart.
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epigastrium
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Gr. epi = upon, and gaster = stomach.
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epiphysis
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Gr. epi = upon, and physis = growth.
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epiploic
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Gr. epiploon = omentum.
The epilploic appendages hang from the omentum. |
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epispadas
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Gr. epi = upon, and spadon = a rent or tear.
Applies to a congenital opening of the urethra on the upper surface or dorsum of the penis. |
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erector
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L. erectus = upright.
Applied to a muscle which causes a structure to stand upright. |
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esophagus
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Gr. oisophagos = gullet.
The Greek term was formed from oiso, the future tense of phero = to carry, and phagein = food. |
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ethmoid
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Gr. ethmos = a sieve, and eidos = resemblance.
A term describing the structure of the ethmoid bone of the skull. |
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eversion
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L. evertere = to turn outward; from ex (e-) = out, and vertere = to turn.
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extensor
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L. extendere = to stretch out.
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extrinsic
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L. extrinsecus = originating or acting outside; from exter = outside, and -secus = on the side.
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falciform
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L. falx = sickle, and forma = form.
The falciform ligament has this shape. |
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fascia
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L. fascia = a ribbon or fillet.
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femur
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L. femur = thigh, but applied to the bone of the upper leg.
The adjective femoral is used of various structures in the thigh. |
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fibula
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L. fibula = a clasp or a pin; originally from figo = fasten.
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fimbria
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L. fimbria = fringe.
Applied to the processes at the abdominal end of the fallopian tube. |
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flexor
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L. flectere = to bend.
From the same root comes the word flex, flexion, and flexure = a fold or crease |
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follicle
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L. folliculus, diminutive of follis = a bag. ||
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foramen
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L. foramen = an opening; from forare = to bore. ||
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fornix
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L. fornix = arch or vault.
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fossa
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L. fossa = a ditch.
Used in anatomy for depressed areas. |
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fovea
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L. fovea = a pit.
In ophthalmology it applies to the central depression in the retina. |
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frontal
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L. frons = forehead.
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fundus
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L. fundus = bottom.
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ganglion
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Gr. ganglion = a swelling.
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gastric
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Gr. gaster = stomach or belly.
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genitalia
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L. genitalis = pertaining to reproduction.
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genu
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L. genu = the knee, but used in anatomy of any bent structure.
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glabella
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L. glabellus = smooth.
Name for the prominence on the frontal bone just above the nose. |
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glans
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L. glans = acorn.
Used for the head of the penis, which is shaped somewhat like an acorn. || |
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glenoid
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Gr. glene = joint socket, and eidos = resemblance.
Homer used the word genoid to signify the pupil of the eye; and because of the small images seen reflected there, it also meant doll or little girl. |
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gluteal
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Gr. gloutos = buttocks.
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gonad
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Gr. gone = a seed or generation.
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gubernaculum
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L. gubernaculum = helm or little governor; from gubernare = to control, and the diminutive suffix -culum.
The gubernaculum of the testis is the fetal cord which guides the descent of the testis. |
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gut
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AS. guttas = the bowels.
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gyrus
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Gr. gyros = a circle.
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hallux
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L. hallux = great toe.
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hamulus
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L. hamulus, a diminutive of hamus = a hook.
Applied to hook-shaped structures. |
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helicotrema
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Gr. helix = a coil, and trema = a hole.
Applied to the communication between the two channels of the cochlear convolutions. |
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helix
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Gr. helix = a coil or screw.
The coiled or turned-over margin of the auricle. |
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hernia
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L. hernia = a rupture.
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hilum (hilus)
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L. hilum = a small thing. ||
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humerus
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L. (h)umerus = the shoulder bone; related to Gr.
omos = the shoulder |
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hydrocele
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Gr. hydor = water, and kele = swelling.
Usually used of a collection of fluid in the tunica vaginalis of the testes. |
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hyper
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Gr. hyper = excessive.
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hypo
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Gr. hypo = less.
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ilium
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L. ilium = the flank, and the iliac bone.
Originally because the small intestines are largely supported by this bone, and the old term for the small intestines was ilia (plural of ilium). |
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incisor
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L. incidere = to cut into; from in = in, and caedere = to cut.
Applied to the eight cutting teeth. |
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incus
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L. incus (incudis) = anvil.
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inguinal
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L. inguen = groin.
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innominate
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L. innominatus = unnamed; from in = not, and nomen = name.
There are two structures called innominate, one artery and one bone. |
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insertion
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L. in = in, and serere = to put.
Hence, the point of attachment of a muscle in the more movable of the two structures which it joins. |
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inter
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L. inter = between
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intestine
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L. intestinum = intestine.
The noun intestinum came from the adjective intestinus, which meant nothing more than inner or inward. The popular term “innards” expresses the same thing. |
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inversion
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L. invertere = to turn about or inside out. ||
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in vitro
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See vitreous.
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in vivo
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See vitreous
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ipsilateral
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L. ipse = self or same, and latus = side.
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