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10 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Definition:
Obstructive pulmonary disease; Destruction of alveolar walls and distention of alveolar sac. Patients are usually smokers Signs and Symptoms: Thin, barrel-chest appearance Coughing, but little sputum Prolonged exhalation Diminished breath sounds Wheezing and rhonchi Pursed-lip breathing Pink Complexion "pink puffers" Tachycardia (increased heart rate) Tachypnea (breathing rate high) Diaphoresis (sweating, moist) Tripod position May be on home oxygen |
Emphysema
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Defintion:
Obstructive pulmonary disease; Affects bronchi and bronchioles, characterized by productive cough that persist for atleast 3 months a year for 2 years Signs and Symptoms; Typically overweight Chronic cyanotic complextion "blue bloaters" vigorous productive cough w/ sputum coarse rhonchi wheezes possible crackles at base of lungs |
Chronic Bronchitis
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Definition:
Increased sensitivity of the lower airways to irritants and allergens, causing bronchospasms and inflammation of the lining of the bronchioles. Signs and Symptoms: Dyspnea (shortness of breath) Nonproductive cough Wheezing Tachypnea (breathing faster) Tachycardia (increased hear rate) Anxiety and apprehension Possible fever Typical allergic signs; runny noise, sneezing, stuffy, blood shot eyes Chest tightness inability to sleep SpO2 <95% before O2 |
Asthma
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Definition:
Increased sensitivity of the lower airways to irritants and allergens, causing bronchospasms and inflammation of the lining of the bronchioles. Signs and Symptoms: Extreme Fatigue Too tired to breathe Inability to speak Cyanosis to core of body Heart rate > 150 bpm or slow rate Quiet or absent breath sounds Tachypnea (>32 bpm) Excessive diaphoresis Accessory muscle use Confusion SpO2 <90% with O2 |
Extreme Asthma
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Definition:
An acute infectious, caused by bacterium or a virus that affects the lower respiratory tract and causes lung inflammation and fluid or pus-filled alveoli Signs and Symptoms: Malaise and decreased appetite Fever Cough Dyspnea Tachypnea Chest pain (sharp and localized usually made worse when breathing deeply or coughing) Decreased chest wall movement Splinting of thorax by patient with his arm Crackles, localized wheezing, and rhonchi, Altered mental status Diaphoresis Cyanosis SpO2 <95% |
Pneumonia
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Definition
Obstruction of blood flow in the pulmonary arteries that leads to hypoxia. Can be caused by blood clot, air bubble fat particle, or foreign particles or amniotic fluid Signs and Symptoms: Sudden onset of dyspnea Rapid breathing Sudden onset of sharp, stabbing chest pain Cough (may cough up blood) Tachypnea Tachycardia Syncope (fainting) Cool, moist skin Restlessnesss, anxiety, sense of doom Decrease in blood pressure or hypotension Cyanosis (late) Distention neck veins (late signs) Crackles Fever SpO2<95% Signs of complete circulatory collapse |
Pulmonary Embolism
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Definition:
excessive amount of fluid collects in the spaces between the alveoli and capillaries. Signs and Symptoms: Dyspnea, especially on exertion Difficulty in breathing when laying flat Frothy sputum Tachycardia Anxiety, apprehension, combativeness, confusion Tripod position with feet dangling Fatigue Crackles and possibly wheezing Cyanosis Pale, moist skin Cough SpO2 <95% |
Pulmonary Edema
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Definition:
Inadequate pumping function of the heart that drastically increases the pressure in the pulmonary capillaries, which in turn forces fluid to leak into the space between the alveoli and capillaries and, eventually, into the alveoli themselves Signs and Symptoms: Dyspnea, especially on exertion Difficulty in breathing when laying flat Frothy sputum Tachycardia Anxiety, apprehension, combativeness, confusion Tripod position with feet dangling Fatigue Crackles and possibly wheezing Cyanosis Pale, moist skin Cough SpO2 <95% Distended neck veins Swollen lower extremities Signs of cardiac compromise |
Cardiogenic Pulmonary Edema
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Definition:
Sudden rupture of a portion of the visceral lining of the lungs, not caused by trauma. Males are five times likely to suffer from this, thin, tall, lanky and between the ages of 20-40. Patient may have history of smoking or a connective tissue disorder (Marfan syndrome or ehlers-danlos syndrome) or COPD Signs and Symptoms: Sudden onset of shortness of breath Sudden onset of sharp chest pain or shoulder pain Decreased breath sounds to one side of the chest Subcutaneous emphysema Tachypnea Diaphoresis Pallor (extreme paleness) Cyanosis (late) SpO2 <95% |
Spontaneous Pnuemothorax
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Definition:
Patient begins to breathe faster and deeper, beginning to "blow off" excessive amounts of CO2. Body needs a certain level of CO2 for normal function Signs and Symptoms: Fatigue Nervousness and anxiety Dizziness Shortness of breath Chest tightness Numbness and tingling feeling around mouth, hands, and feet Tachypnea Tachycardia Spasms of the fingers and feet causing them to cramp (carpopedal spasm) May precipitate seizures in a patient |
Hyperventilation Syndrome
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