Medical Anatomy Flashcards Unit #2

Front 1

Word Root

Back 1

A word root may be used alone OR combined w/ other elements to form another word with a different meaning

Front 2

Combining Form

Back 2

When a word root is combined with a vowel (Usually an 'o')

Front 3

Suffix

Back 3

Word Element located at the end of a word
Usually indicates a procedure, condition, disease, or part of speech

Front 4

Prefix

Back 4

Word Element located at the beginning of a word
Usually indicates a number, time, position, or negation

Front 5

Rule # 1
of Word Building

Back 5

A word root links a suffix that begins with a vowel

Front 6

Rule #2
of Word Building

Back 6

A combining form (root + o) links a suffix that begins with a consonant

Front 7

Rule #3
of Word Building

Back 7

A combining form (root + o) links a root to another root to form a compound word (Even if the next root begins w/ a vowel)

Front 8

Defining Medical Words
(3 Steps)

Back 8

1) Define the SUFFIX first

2) Define the BEGINNING of the word

3) Define the MIDDLE of the word

Front 9

- centesis

Back 9

Suffix meaning Surgical Puncture

Front 10

- clast

Back 10

Suffix meaning To Break

Front 11

- desis

Back 11

Suffix meaning Binding or Fixation (of a joint or bone)

Front 12

- ectomy

Back 12

Suffix meaning Excision or Removal

Front 13

- lysis

Back 13

Suffix meaning Separation, Destruction, or Loosening

Front 14

- pexy

Back 14

Suffix meaning Fixation (of an organ)

Front 15

- plasty

Back 15

Suffix meaning Surgical Repair

Front 16

- rrhaphy

Back 16

Suffix meaning Suture

Front 17

- stomy

Back 17

Suffix meaning Forming an Opening (mouth)

Front 18

- tome

Back 18

Suffix meaning Instrument to Cut

Front 19

- tomy

Back 19

Suffix meaning Incision

Front 20

- tripsy

Back 20

Suffix meaning Crushing

Front 21

- gram

Back 21

Suffix meaning Record or Writing

Front 22

- graph

Back 22

Suffix meaning Instrument for Recording

Front 23

- graphy

Back 23

Suffix meaning Process of Recording

Front 24

- meter

Back 24

Suffix meaning Instrument for measuring

Front 25

- metry

Back 25

Suffix meaning Act of Measuring

Front 26

- scope

Back 26

Suffix meaning Instrument for Examining

Front 27

- scopy

Back 27

Suffix meaning Visual Examination

Front 28

- algia

- dynia

Back 28

Suffix meaning Pain

Front 29

- cele

Back 29

Suffix meaning Hernia or Swelling

Front 30

- ectasis

Back 30

Suffix meaning Dilation or Expansion

Front 31

- edema

Back 31

Suffix meaning Swelling

Front 32

- emesis

Back 32

Suffix meaning Vomiting

Front 33

- emia

Back 33

Suffix meaning Blood Condition

Front 34

- iasis

Back 34

Suffix meaning Abnormal Condition (produced by something specific)

Front 35

- itis

Back 35

Suffix meaning Inflammation

Front 36

- lith

Back 36

Suffix meaning Stone or Calculus

Front 37

- malacia

Back 37

Suffix meaning Softening

Front 38

- megaly

Back 38

Suffix meaning Enlargement

Front 39

- oma

Back 39

Suffix meaning Tumor

Front 40

- osis

Back 40

Suffix meaning Abnormal Condition or Increase (used primarily with BLOOD CELLS)

Front 41

- pathy

Back 41

Suffix meaning Disease

Front 42

- penia

Back 42

Suffix meaning Decrease or Deficiency

Front 43

- phobia

Back 43

Suffix meaning Fear

Front 44

- plegia

Back 44

Suffix meaning Paralysis

Front 45

- rrhage

-rrhagia

Back 45

Suffix meaning Bursting (of)

Front 46

- rrhea

Back 46

Suffix meaning Discharge or Flow

Front 47

- rrhexis

Back 47

Suffix meaning Rupture

Front 48

- stenosis

Back 48

Suffix meaning Narrowing or Stricture

Front 49

- toxic

Back 49

Suffix meaning Poison

Front 50

- trophy

Back 50

Suffix meaning Nourishment or Development

Front 51

a-

an-

Back 51

Prefix meaning Without or Not

Front 52

circum-

peri-

Back 52

Prefix meaning Around

Front 53

dia-

trans-

Back 53

Prefix meaning Through or Across

Front 54

dipl-

diplo-

Back 54

Prefix meaning Double

Front 55

endo-

intra-

Back 55

Prefix meaning In or Within

Front 56

homo-

homeo-

Back 56

Prefix meaning Same

Front 57

hypo-

Back 57

Prefix meaning Under, Below, or Deficient

Front 58

macro-

Back 58

Prefix meaning Large

Front 59

micro-

Back 59

Prefix meaning Small

Front 60

mono-

uni-

Back 60

Prefix meaning One

Front 61

post-

Back 61

Prefix meaning After or Behind

Front 62

pre-

pro-

Back 62

Prefix meaning Before or In Front of

Front 63

primi-

Back 63

Prefix meaning First

Front 64

retro-

Back 64

Prefix meaning Backward or Behind

Front 65

super-

Back 65

Prefix meaning Upper or Above

Front 66

Word Ending in -a

Back 66

Rule:
Retain 'a' and add 'e'

i.e.
pleura
pleurae

Front 67

Word Ending in -ax

Back 67

Rule:
Drop 'x' and add 'ces'

i.e.
thorax
thoraces

Front 68

Word Ending in -en

Back 68

Rule:
Drop 'en' and add 'ina'

i.e.
lumen
lumina

Front 69

Word Ending in -is

Back 69

Rule:
Drop 'is' and add 'es'

i.e.
diagnosis
diagnoses

Front 70

Word Ending in -ix

Back 70

Rule:
Drop 'is' and add 'ices'

i.e.
appendix
appendices

Front 71

Word Ending in -ex

Back 71

Rule:
Drop 'ex' and add 'ices'

i.e.
apex
apices

Front 72

Word Ending in -ma

Back 72

Rule:
Retain 'ma' and add 'ta'

i.e.
carcinoma
carcinomata

Front 73

Word Ending in -on

Back 73

Rule:
Drop 'on' and add 'a'

i.e.
ganglion
ganglia

Front 74

Word Ending in -um

Back 74

Rule:
Drop 'um' and add 'a'

i.e.
bacterium
bacteria

Front 75

Word Ending in -us

Back 75

Rule:
Drop 'us' and add 'i'

i.e.
bronchus
bronchi

Front 76

Word Ending in -y

Back 76

Rule:
Drop 'y' and add 'ies'

i.e.
deformity
deformities

Front 77

ae & oe

Back 77

Sounds:
only the second vowel is pronounced

Front 78

c & g
(before vowels)

Back 78

Sounds:
soft sound of s & j before e, i, and y

i.e.
cycle & gel

Front 79

c & g
(before most letters)

Back 79

Sounds:
hard sound before other letters (NOT e, i, or y)

i.e.
cardiac & gastric

Front 80

ch

Back 80

Sounds:
sometimes pronounced like 'k'

Front 81

pn @ beginning

Back 81

Sounds:
p is silent and only n is pronounced

Front 82

pn in the middle

Back 82

Sounds:
p & n are both pronounced

Front 83

ps @ beginning

Back 83

Sounds:
p is silent and only s is pronounced

Front 84

e and es (final letters)

Back 84

Sounds:
pronounced as separate syllables

Front 85

i @ end

Back 85

Sounds:
(to form a plural)
it is pronounced 'eye'