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41 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
lumen?
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inner wall of the GI tract
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mucosa?
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innermost layer of lumen; includes layer of smooth muscle and exocrine gland cells
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chyme?
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liquid formed from broken down food
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absorption?
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movement of nutrients from lumen to circulatory system
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mastication?
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chewing
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pharynx?
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throat
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upper esophageal sphincter (UES)?
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sphincter at upper end of the esophagus; prevents air from entering during breathing
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lower esophageal sphincter (LES)?
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sphincter at lower end of the esophagus; prevents reflux of gastric contents
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Kupffer cells?
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liver cells which engulf harmful bacteria and anemic red blood cells
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bile?
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chemical responsible for emulsification of fat
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sphincter of Oddi?
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sphincter controlling flow of bile into small intestine
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anorexia?
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loss of appetite for food
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dyspepsia?
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indigestion or heartburn
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Cullen's sign?
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presence of ecchymosis around the umbilicus; indication of intra-abdominal bleeding
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borborygmus?
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bowel hypermotility
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bruits?
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"swooshing" sounds
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percussion notes?
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sounds in the abdomen; classified as tympanic or dull
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tympanic?
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high-pitched, loud sound of an air-filled intestine
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dull?
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medium-pitched, softer, thudlike sound over a solid organ
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hepatomegaly?
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liver enlargement
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splenomegaly?
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enlargement of the spleen
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Blumberg's sign?
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rebound tenderness in areas of the abdomen
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aspartate aminotransferase (AST)?
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enzyme found in liver
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alanine aminotransferase (ALT)?
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enzyme found in liver
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amylase?
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enzyme manufactured in pancreas
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lipase?
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enzyme manufactured in pancreas
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bilirubin?
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primary pigment in bile
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oncofetal antigens?
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evaluate to diagnose and monitor the success of cancer therapy and assess for recurrence of cancer in the GI tract
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fecal occult blood test?
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measures the presence of blood in stool from GI bleeding
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upper GI radiographic series?
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x-ray visualization from oral part of the pharynx to the duodenojejunal junction
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barium enema?
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radiographic visualization of the large intestine
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lower GI series?
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radiographic visualization of the large intestine
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volvulus?
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bowel obstruction form the twisting of the colon upon itself
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percutaneous transhepatic cholangiography (PTC)?
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x-ray study of the biliary duct system
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endoscopy?
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direct visualization of the GI tract by means of a flexible fiberoptic endoscope
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esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD)?
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visual examination of the esophagus, stomach, and duodenum
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endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP)?
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visual and radiographic examination of liver, gallbladder, bile ducts, and pancreas
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papillotomy?
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removal of gallstones
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enteroscopy?
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visualization of small intestine
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colonoscopy?
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endoscopic examination of the large bowel
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virtual colonoscopy?
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noninvasive use of scanner to view the colon
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