Medical 2 Unit 6

Front 1

What is a gland?

Back 1

A structure that secretes hormones

Front 2

What is a hormone?

Back 2

A substance which produces some kind of change in an organ/body

Front 3

Anterior pituitary gland

Back 3

Adenohypophysis. Secretes MOST of the hormones.

Front 4

Posterior pituitary gland

Back 4

Neurohypophysis

Front 5

Pituitary gland

Back 5

Hypophysis

Front 6

What is HGH and what does it do?

Back 6

Human growth hormone- Makes you grow. At a certain point the levels drop.

Front 7

Condition of the extremities enlarging.

Back 7

Acromegaly

Front 8

Overproduction of HGH in childhood

Back 8

Gigantism

Front 9

Underproduction of HGH in childhood

Back 9

Dwarfism

Front 10

Where is the thyroid gland and what does it do?

Back 10

In the neck- regulates metabolism.

Front 11

Hormone secreted by the thyroid gland which regulates metabolism

Back 11

Thyroxine

Front 12

Too much thyroxine in the system results in-

Back 12

Hypoerthyroidism or Graves' disease.

Front 13

BMR

Back 13

Basal metabolic rate

Front 14

Swollen/overworking of the thyroid gland.

Back 14

Goiter

Front 15

Part of the thyroid gland that connects them together.

Back 15

Isthmus

Front 16

Another hormone secreted by the thyroid gland and what it does.

Back 16

Calcitonin - regulates the levels of blood calciuim. Takes calcium from the blood and into the bones.

Front 17

Four glands located on the posterior side of the lobes of the thyroid and what they do

Back 17

Parathyroids - Regulate the levels of calcium and phosphorus in the blood.

Front 18

Hormone secreted by the parathyroids and what it does

Back 18

Parathyroid hormone - takes calcium from the bones and puts it in the blood.

Front 19

Lack of ADH

Back 19

Diabetes insipidus

Front 20

TSH

Back 20

thyroid stimulating hormone, secreted by the pituitary gland

Front 21

What does TSH do?

Back 21

Causes the thyroid gland to produce thyroxine.

Front 22

Too much TSH causes what?

Back 22

It causes the thyroid gland to produce too much thyroxine, causing hyperthyroidism

Front 23

One particular type of hyperthyroidism

Back 23

Graves' disease

Front 24

Characteristic of Graves' disease

Back 24

Exopthalmos- protruding eyeballs

Front 25

Too little thyroxine

Back 25

Hypothyroidism

Front 26

One type of hypothyroidism present in children

Back 26

Cretenism

Front 27

Another name for that disease, but in adults

Back 27

Myxedema.

Front 28

Too much calcium in the blood

Back 28

Hyperparathyroidism. Bones become osteocerotic.

Front 29

Too little calcium in the blood

Back 29

Hypoparathyroidism

Front 30

Muscle twitching

Back 30

Tetany

Front 31

Hyperflexion of the wrist and extension and stiffening of the fingers

Back 31

Trousseau's sign

Front 32

Two glands in the pancreas

Back 32

Endocrine and Exocrine

Front 33

Explain those glands

Back 33

Exocrine - 1% - has ducts
Endocrine - 99% - ductless

Front 34

A cells vs. B cells

Back 34

A cells - need glucose to live. A cells produce glucagons which go into the liver and convert the stored glucose into glucose that the body can use.
B cells - produce insulin

Front 35

Insulin--

Back 35

Allows glucose to get into the cells

Front 36

What happens when glucose can't get into the cells and the blood-sugar level goes up

Back 36

Diabetes mellitus

Front 37

Type 1-

Back 37

Juvenile Onset / Insulin dependent. The B cells in the pancreas are not producing insulin.

Front 38

Type 2-

Back 38

Adult onset. Insulin is being produced, but the surface of the cells dont react to it and so the insulin can't transport the glucose.

Front 39

A bi product of fat mobilization.

Back 39

Fatty acids.

Front 40

What does fat mobilization create and what does it lead to?

Back 40

Ketone bodies, leads to ketoacidosis.

Front 41

What is ketoacidosis and what does it result in

Back 41

It depresses the brian centers that have to do with breathing and awareness. Results in diabetic coma.

Front 42

Happens if you fast.

Back 42

Ketonic

Front 43

Glands located on top of the kidneys

Back 43

Adrenal glands

Front 44

Two portions to the adrenal glands

Back 44

Cortex / Medulla

Front 45

What does the cortex of the adrenal glands secrete?

Back 45

Adrenaline aka epinephrine

Front 46

What does the medulla of the adrenal glands secrete?

Back 46

Cortisol

Front 47

To little cortisol secreted by the medulla

Back 47

Addison's disease-- weight loss, abnormal skin color, blood pressure probs, fainting

Front 48

Too much cortisol

Back 48

Cushing's syndrome-- weight gain distributed unevently, lethargic, mental functioning dull

Front 49

Gland which no one knows exactly what it does

Back 49

Pineal gland - said to be involved with sleep-wake cycles.