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70 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Define pediculosis pubis
(pubic or crab lice)? |
caused by Phthirus, a grayish, parasitic "crab" louse that lays eggs tha attach to the hair shaft
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How is crab lice treated?
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apply 1% permethrin creme rinse to affected area and wash it off after 10 minutes
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Define scabies?
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Sarcoptes scabiel is a parasitic itch mite; female burrows under skin to deposit eggs
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How is scabies treated?
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permethrin cream 5% applied to all body areas from neck down and washed off after 8 to 14 hours or lindane 1% shampoo (if pregnant, also add crotamiton 10% lotion)
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Define viral hepatitis?
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inflammatory process of liver caused by infection by viruses
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Define pelvic inflammatory disease?
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clinical syndrome of inflammatory disorders of upper female genital tract
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Define trichomoniasis?
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sexually transmitted
infection caused by T. vaginalis transmitted by shared bath facilities, wet towels, or wet swimsuits pt asymptomatic or mild symptoms more advanced symptoms are yellow-green, frothy, odorous discharge and vulvular itching woman may complain of dysuria dyspareunia sometimes subeqithelial hemorrhages on cervix (strawberry-like red spots)visible with colpo- scope vaginal pH of 4.5 or higher positive whiff test |
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How to treat trichomoniasis
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metronidazole (Flagyl)administered in a single 2-g dose or, alternatively, metronidazole 500 mg twice daily for 7 days for both male and female sexual partners
avoid sex until cured avoid alcohol with drug or may cause abdominal pain, nausea, flushing, tremors (same as Antabuse) |
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Define chlamydial infection?
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caused by C. trachomatis; most common bacterial STI in U.S.
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How to treat Chlamydial infection?
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single dose of azithromycin (works for noncompliance) 1 g orally; or Doxycycline (inexpensive) 100 g by mouth twice a day for 7 days (if pregnant, use erythromycin or amoxicillin)
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Define gonorrhea?
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infection caused by bacterium Neisseria gonorrhoeae
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Gonorrheal treatment for nonpregnant women?
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antibiotic therapy with:
cefixime ciprofloxacin ofloxacin levofloxacin orally plus doxycycline or azithromycin administered orally if chlamydia has not been ruled out |
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Define herpes genitalis?
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two serotypes HSV-1 and
HSV-2 (most common; also called herpes genitalis, and that's the focus of these cards) symptoms and treatment for both are the same recurrent lifelong infection multiple blisterlike vesicles in genital area |
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Define syphilis?
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chronic infection caused by spirochete Treponema pallidum; divided into early and late stages
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Define condylomata acuminata; also called genital or venereal warts?
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caused by human papilloma virus; evidenced by single or multiple soft, grayish pink, cauliflower-like lesions in genital area
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What is the treatment for gonorrhea if pregnant?
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ceftriaxone
cefixime with erythromycin or amoxicillin |
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What is vulvovaginal candidiasis?
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organism Candida albicans
diagnosed by wet-mount hyphae |
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What is bacterial vaginosis?
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organism Gardnerella vaginalis and Mycoplasma
hominis by wet-mount clue cells |
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Nonpregnant women may treat bacterial vaginosis with?
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metronidazole
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Pregnant women may treat bacterial vaginosis with?
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metronidazole or clindamycin
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What is herpes genitalis?
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organism herpes simplex virus
by herpes culture or titer |
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Herpes genitalis may be treated by?
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acyclovir
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What is AIDS?
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human immunodeficiency virus
by ELISA test and Western blot; treatment for AIDS varies |
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What are genital warts?
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human papilloma virus
by virapap, biopsy, Pap smear, colposcopy |
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Genital warts in nonpregnant women may be treated by?
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cryotherapy
trichloroacetic acid (TCA) |
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Genital warts in pregnant women may be treated by?
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cryotherapy
trichloroacetic acid (TCA) BCA Podophyllum podofilox excision |
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Genital warts in pregnant women may be treated by?
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cryotherapy
trichloroacetic acid (TCA) BCA Podophyllum podofilox excision |
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Genital warts in pregnant women may be treated by?
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cryotherapy
trichloroacetic acid (TCA) BCA Podophyllum podofilox excision |
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Pregnant women with trichomoniasis may be at increased risk for?
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premature rupture of
membranes preterm birth low birth weight |
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How should pregnant women with trichomoniasis who are asymptomatic be treated?
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with a single 2-g dose of metronidazole orally to relieve their symptoms
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Immunotypes of chlamydia are responsible for what conditions?
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lymphogranuloma venereum
trachoma (blindness) |
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What is trachoma?
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caused by Chlamydia trachomatis bacteria;
world's leading cause of preventable blindness |
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Chlamydia is the leading cause of?
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nongonococcal urethritis
(NGU)in men in women, infection is similar to gonorrhea asymptomatic infections in both genders usually occurs in younger generation |
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Chlamydia in women can infect which body parts?
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fallopian tubes
cervix urethra Bartholin's glands |
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Severe sequelae can result in women from untreated chylamydial infection. These conditions that follow and result from a disease (sequelae) are?
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PID
infertility ectopic pregnancy |
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In men, chlamydial infections may result in?
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epididymitis
infertility |
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Newborn exposure to chlamydia in the birth canal of the mother is the most common cause of?
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ophthalmia neonatorum
(chlamydial pneumonia is also found in newborns) |
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Chlamydial conjunctivitis responds to which medication?
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erythromycin ophthalmic ointment but not to silver nitrate eye prophylaxis
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Symptoms of chlamydia include?
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thin or mucopurulent
discharge cervical ectopia friable cervix (bleeds easily) burning and frequency of urination lower abdominal pain |
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Gold standard test for chlamydia is?
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culture cervical cells
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Diagnosis is frequently made after treatment of a male partner for ____ or in a symptomataic woman with a negative ________ culture
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NGU (nongonococcal
urethritis) gonorrhea |
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In chlamydia cases, the partners should be treated and the couple should abstain from intercourse for
_______ after taking the single-dose azithromycin treatment or for the entire _____ of doxycycline therapy |
7 days
7 days |
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During pregnancies with chlamydial infections, use ______, NOT _________, although neither is highly effective, so take another culture ____ after completion
of medication |
azithromycin
doxycycline 3 weeks |
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Screening (primary?) for chlamydia is recommended for the following?
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ages 20-25, asymptomatic,
sexually active females women over 25 taking risks high risk pregnant women in first and third trimester |
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In gonorrhea cases, _____ seek early treatment due to symptoms, while ______are asymptomatic (50%) until complications occur?
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men
women |
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If a pregnant woman contracts gonorrhea in third month, what may happen to newborn?
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the gonorrheal infection will remain localized in urethra, cervix, and B-glands until membranes rupture...possibly spreading upward to newborn. Newborn may contract ophthalmia neonatorum
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What tests for gonorrhea might be run during prenatal visits?
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cervical culture
high risk pts again in last month of pregnancy cervical cultures may also be done on urethra, throat, and rectum |
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For symptoms of gonorrhea, please refer to?
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chlamydia flashcard
(add possible swelling and inflammation of vulva to gonorrhea list) |
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Gonoorrheal treatment for nonpregnant women consists of ________ _______ including the following drugs: (4 oral, 1 IM)
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antibiotic therapy
ORAL DRUGS: cefixime ciprofloxacin ofloxacin levofloxacin IM DRUGS: ceftriaxone |
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In gonorrheal cases, if chlaymdia has not been ruled out, please give the patient which meds as well as the gonorrheal drugs?
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doxycycline or azithromycin
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Which two infections commonly occur together?
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gonorrhea and chlamydia
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If the cultures for chlamydia and gonorrhea remain positive _____ to _____days after completion of treatment, the patient will be required to take additional treatment?
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7
14 |
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For chlamydia and gonorrhea infections, pregnant women should be treated with what meds?
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cephalosporin....
usually ceftriaxone IM or cefixime orally to cover the gonorrheal infection combine these with erythromycin or amoxicillin to cover the chlamydial infection as well reculture after a couple of weeks to verify cure |
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Signs that a chlamydial/gonorrheal infection is worsening include?
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sharp abdominal pain
fever chills |
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HSV-2 is also called?
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herpes genitalis
and at least 50 million people in US have been diagnosed with it; most people remain undiagnosed |
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First outbreak (primary episode) of herpes genitalis lasts the longest and is the most severe and is characterized by what symptoms and in which parts of the reproductive system?
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single or multiple blisterlike vesicles, in genital area and sometimes in:
vaginal walls cervix urethra anus |
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Herpes genitalis (HSV-2) vesicles may appear within a _______ ______ to _____ ____
after exposure and rupture spontaneously to form very painful, open, ulcerated lesions. |
few hours
20 days |
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How does HSV-2 (herpes genitalis) affect the renal system?
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can cause difficult urination and urinary retention...this is due to inflammation and pain secondary to the lesions
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How does HSV-2 (herpes genitalis) affect lymph system?
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there may be enlargement of INGUINAL lymph nodes
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How does HSV-2 (herpes genitalis) affect the respiratory system?
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may cause flu-like symptoms
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How does HSV-2 (herpes genitalis)affect the groin area?
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may be genital pruritis or tingling
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Lesions from HSV-2 (herpes genitalis) heal spontaneously in what amount of time?
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2 to 4 weeks
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What is unique about the healing of lesions in HSV-2 (herpes genitalis)?
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the virus enters a dormant phase, residing in the nerve ganglia of the affected area
(ganglion are a mass of nervous tissue composed of neuron cell bodies and lying outside brain or spinal cord) this leaves the patient open for less severe regular recurrences |
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Less severe than the primary episode (first outbreak), regular recurrences of HSV-2 seem to be triggered by?
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menstruation
ovulation pregnancy frequent or vigorous inter- course poor health status generally run-down physical condition tight clothing overheating |
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Diagnosis of HSV-2 may be made by?
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PAP smear
lesion culture Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) i.d. blood testing for antibodies? (controversial) |
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Is there a known cure for HSV-2?
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No, only medications for pain relief in secondary infection cases.
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Recommended treatment for the first episode of genital herpes (HSV-2) is?
((try to treat before lesions appear (prodromal phase)) |
oral acyclovir
valacyclovir famciclovir (pregancy use for the latter two not well-documented so acyclovir is more commonly used...) (lower dosages used for regular recurrent episodes) |
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What are the benefits of using acyclovir during pregnancy?
((the virus cycles (acyclovir) out of affected ganglia to cause recurrent episode))? |
used in primary episode (first outbreak) or severe recurrent herpes...
may reduce need for Cesarean section if used in third trimester |
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Self-care suggestions for herpes genitalis (HSV-2)?
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cleansing with povidone-
iodine (Betadine)solution to prevent secondary infection cleanse with Burow's solution to relieve discomfort use Vitamin C or lysine to prevent recurrence 2% lidocaine (Xylocaine) used to decrease lesion pain; apply to lesion site keep genital area clean and dry wear loose clothing take sitz baths wear cotton underwear or none at all..will promote healing |
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How does herpes genitalis (HSV-2) affect the newborn?
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if lesions are in genital tract during childbirth, it can be devastating, even fatal, on newborn
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