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34 Cards in this Set
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- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
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d. thalassemia
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- Inherited disorder that decreases the rate of synthesis of hemoglobin. Most often found in people of Mediterranean, African, and asian descent
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e. G6PD deficiency
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deficiency allows rbc's to protect against oxidative injury
hint |
X-linked recessive hereditary disease
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f. immunohemolytic anemia
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Antibodies hemolytic
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sickle cell anemia
Cause from? Age of onset? Prone to...3ct ? |
-Hereditary
-Becomes apparent after around 6 months of age -are prone to infection and asplenic. Increasing encapsulated bacteria i.e.pneumococci infections and prone to Salmonella osteomyelitis |
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iron deficiency anemia
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iron stores depleted,
including blood loss, pregnancy, dietary intake. |
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Pica
definition |
the desire to eat non food stuffs such as dirt or clay can also be a
side effect |
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-anemia of chronic disease - (437)
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-Most common nosocomial form of anemia (of hospitalized pts.)
-Superficially resembles (iron-Def)ID-anemia, but stems from inflammation induced sequestration of iron w/in the cells of the reticuloendothelial system. |
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- vitamin B12 deficiency anemia
What is the AKA for this |
pernicious anemia
demyelinating disorder involving the peripheral nerves and ultimately the spinal cord |
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-megaloblastic anemias
two major causes |
folate deficiency
vitamin B12 deficiency |
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-folate deficiency anemia - (438)
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A noncommon type of megoblastic anemia. Folate deficiency can be caused by a diet low in folate, which is found in fresh uncooked vegetables,
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Polycythemia vera
two different “types” polycythemia. |
Relative polycythemia
Absolute polycythemia |
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Absolute polycythemia
is broken down into two different groups, primary & secondary |
Primary: autonomous proliferation
of the red cells from the myeloid stem cells. Secondary: proliferation in response to an increase in erythropoietin. |
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what is the important aspect of polycythemia vera
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dehydration hemo concentration is elevated due to a decrease in plasma volume,
absolute when there is an increase in total red cell mass. |
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Thrombocytopenia
-signs or it causes? 1ct -labs would show? -What is the platelet count? |
-spontaneous bleeding,
-prolonged bleeding time, and -a normal PT and PTT. -platelet count less than 100,000 H |
-Pregnancy, which may cause mild thrombocytopenia.
-Idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP), a condition in which your immune system mistakenly identifies platelets as a threat and forms antibodies that attack them. Other autoimmune diseases, such as lupus or rheumatoid arthritis, which may lead to destruction of platelets due to a malfunctioning immune system. -Blood poisoning from severe bacterial infections (bacteremia), which may lead to destruction of platelets. -Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP), a rare, life-threatening condition that occurs when small blood clots suddenly form throughout your body, using up large numbers of platelets. TTP sometimes happens as a result of a genetic deficiency, but more often the cause is unknown. In some cases, it may be associated with infection or a chronic illness. Hemolytic uremic syndrome, another rare disorder that causes a sharp drop in platelets, destruction of red blood cells and impairment of kidney function. Sometimes, this can occur in association with a bacterial Escherichia coli (E. coli) infection, such as may be acquired from eating raw or undercooked meat (often hamburger). |
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what is the other name for hemophilia B.
-and what factor is it |
Christmas disease
Factor IX |
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-von Willebrand disease
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- Caused by:
-autosomal dominant, -compound defect involving platelet function and the coagulation pathway. - Clinical features: spontaneous bleeding from mucous membranes, excessive bleeding from wounds, |
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-immune thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP)
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- Caused by:
autoimmunity, or in children a more self limiting type that is subsequent to viral infections. - Clinical features: petechiae, easy bruisability, epistaxis, gum bleeding, and hemorrhages after minor trauma. Primarily affects women between 20-40 yo. |
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-hemophilia A
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-X-linked recessive
-reduction in Factor VIII activity -bleeding into Soft TISSUES & JOINTS -prolonged PTT |
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DIC
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widespread thromboses,
there is consumption of platelets and coagulation factors, and secondarily, activation of fibrinolysis -.the depletion of the platelets and clotting factors, |
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role of hemoglobin
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carries oxygen from the lungs to tissues
-iron containing pigments of rbc's |
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reticulocytes
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normal is 1% of circulating rbc's
-reticulocytes are immature non-nucleated rbc's -1 to 2 days in order to mature |
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EPO
what kind of hormone is it and - what makes it -what does it do |
-a cytokine
-made by the kidneys -stimulates proliferation of rbc's |
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anemia
define |
decrease in oxygen carrying capacity of the blood
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hematocrit
what is it |
% of RBC's in blood
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MCV
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mean cell volume
Average volume per red cell |
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MCHC
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-mean cell hemoglobin content
-average content (mass) of hemoglobin per red cell |
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macrocytic
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abnormally large RBC's
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hypochromic
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decreased hemoglobin in RBCs
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megaloblastic
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-oval and slightly irregular
-large nucleated abnormal rbc's |
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microcytic
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iron deficiency
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macrocytic
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folate or B12 deficiency
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normocytic
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-abnormal shapes
-spherocytosis -hereditary |
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anemia pattern in acute blood loss...
your initial & future concerns are? |
immediate threat is shock (hypovolemia)
-if patient survives hemo dilution begins at once and full effects occur in 2-3 days. |
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chronic blood loss anemia
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iron stores are depleted gradually
-hemoglobin synthesis does not occur -under production = chronic anemia |
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