Medchem Lecture 19

Front 1

microbial metabolites or synthetic analogues inspired by them that inhibit the growth and survival of microorganisms without serious toxicity to the host

Back 1

antibiotics

Front 2

_______ _______ is the key concept of antibiotics

Back 2

selective toxicity

Front 3

Initially extracts of _________ were screened simply for their ability to kill pathogenic microorganism in vitro... those that did were pushed through complex tests in attempts to discover clinically useful agents

Back 3

fermentations

Front 4

______ ________ _______ coupled with high throughput screening make it possible to screen hundreds of thousands of compounds for antimicrobial activity in a short time

Back 4

combinatorial chemical synthesis

Front 5

Some bacteria are immune to treatment from the outset because of what two reason?

Back 5

1. they do not take up the antibiotic
2. they lack the susceptible target

Front 6

Almost all antibiotics have the capacity to be ________ in vitro

Back 6

bactericidal

Front 7

To kill bacteria if the concentration or dose is sufficiently high

Back 7

bactericidal

Front 8

At lower concentrations bacterial multiplication is prevented even though the microorganism remains viable... what type of action?

Back 8

bacteriostatic action

Front 9

The smallest concentration that will kill a bacterial colony is the ________ bactericidal concentration

Back 9

mimimum

Front 10

What is the difference between a minimum bactericidal dose and a bacteriostatic dose?

Back 10

characteristic of given families of antibiotics

Front 11

What happens if a bacteriostatic antibiotic is withdrawn prematurely from a patient?

Back 11

microorganism can resume growth and infection can reestablish itself because the culture is still alive

Front 12

This type of agent will interrupt the fulminating state (rapid growth) and give the immune system a chance to deal with the disease, with cure usually following

Back 12

bacteriostatic agent

Front 13

The first concentration which produces no visible growth is known as

Back 13

minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC)

Front 14

The last concentration that produces no visible growth is known as

Back 14

minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC)

Front 15

What two factors helps determine which antibiotics are the best choice for certain diseases?

Back 15

1. determining the specific disease
2. what susceptibility patterns are exhibited by the causative microorganism

Front 16

Individual species of bacteria are associated with particular infective diseases and the specific antibiotics are more likely to be useful than others for killing them... this is known as

Back 16

empiric-based theory

Front 17

These antibiotics are derived from fungi and have names ending in the suffix -cillin

Back 17

penicillins

Front 18

These antibiotics are also fungal products and have names beginning with the prefix -cef

Back 18

cephalosporins

Front 19

These synthetic antibiotics have names that mostly end in the suffix -floxacin

Back 19

fluoroquinolones

Front 20

Some antibiotics are produced by fermentation of soil microorganisms belonging to various streptomyces species with names ending in suffix

Back 20

-mycin
*streptomycin

Front 21

Other antibiotics are produced by fermentation of various soil microbes known as micromonospora species and have names ending in suffix

Back 21

-micin
*gentamicin

Front 22

Some antimicrobial families have the potential of inhibiting a wide range of bacterial genera belonging to both gram+ and gram- cultures and are called what

Back 22

broad spectrum antibiotics

Front 23

Some antimicrobial families only inhibit a few bacterial genera and are called what

Back 23

narrow spectrum antibiotics

Front 24

Other antibiotics are produced by fermentation of various soil microbes known as micromonospora species and have names ending in suffix

Back 24

-micin
*gentamicin

Front 25

Some antimicrobial families have the potential of inhibiting a wide range of bacterial genera belonging to both gram+ and gram- cultures and are called what

Back 25

broad spectrum antibiotics

Front 26

Some antimicrobial families only inhibit a few bacterial genera and are called what

Back 26

narrow spectrum antibiotics