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64 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Staphylococci: gram positive or gram negative?
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gram positive
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Staphylococci: grow in what type colonies?
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clusters
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Staphylococci: do they form pus?
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yes (pyogenic)
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Staphylococci: do they form endospores?
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no. but they can survive for long periods on dry inanimate objects.
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Staphylococci: general discription.
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grow on 10% salt, nonmotile, facultative anaerobe, has a capsule. Catalase positive, oxidase negative.
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Staphylococci: describe colonies.
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large, round, mucoid, golden for S. aureus
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Staphylococci: optimum temp?
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30-37 C
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Staphylococci: susceptible to lysis by...
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lysozyme
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S. aureus specific features
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ferments mannitol and is coagulase positive.
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Staphylococci: three main species
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S. aureus, S. epidermidis, and S. saprophyticus
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S. aureus is bad because
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produces so many enzymes, allowing it to cause a variety of diseases.
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S. aureus causes (13 things)
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furuncles, carbuncles, wound infection, cellulitis, bacteremia with metastatic abcesses, endocarditis, pulmonary infections, arthritis, osteomyelitis, GU tract infections, toxic shock syndrome (TSS), scalded skin syndrome (SSS), and food poisoning gastroenteritis.
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S. aureus is able to withstand phagocytosis by neutrophilis because it produces
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exotoxins and enzymes making it very hard to remove from the human environment.
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S. saprophyticus causes
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urinary tract infections
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S. aureus is resistant to ___ but sensative to ___.
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penicillin; oxacillian.
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S. aureus toxin
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enterotoxin A
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S. epidermidis found
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on the skin.
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Percentage of humans that house S. aureus, where, and percentage that turn into colonies.
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30%, in the nares, and 90%.
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Protein needed for colonizing S. aureus
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fibronectin binding protein (FNBP)
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Fibronectin is
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extracellular matrix protein exposed in wounds
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S. aureus has receptors for ___ and ___, important components of connective tissue, bones, and joints.
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Collagen IV and sialoprotein.
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S. aureus also has receptors for ___, a key protein present in basement membrane of epithelial and endothelial linings.
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laminin
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Staph spreads via...
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...person to person contact.
... aerosols from pneumonia patients. ... |
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People high on the list for staph carriers include...
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physicians, diabetics, dialysis patients, and IV drug abusers.
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Nosocomial infections are...
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... infections that are a result of treatment in a hospital or a healthcare service unit. Infections are considered nosocomial if they first appear 48 hours or more after hospital admission or within 30 days after discharge.
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Iatrigenic (definition)..
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Of or relating to illness caused by medical examination or treatment.
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Typical ENTRY of Staph
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Since they are on skin, the typical entry of staph in to the body is via laceration, insect bites, burns, or surgical intervention. Massive quantities can enter through poor hygiene.
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SPREAD and MULTIPLY of Staph
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typically not trouble, but depends on number of organisms, site, body response speed.
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DAMAGE of Staph:
local... abscess on surface... subcutaneous... |
...boil
...furuncle (one folical), carbubcle (multi folical) ...cellulitis |
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DAMAGE caused specificially by S. aureus and how it is caused...
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Chronic Granulomatous Disease - hereditary in children - neutrophils do not produce enough H2O2 to set off the oxidative killing pathway.
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organisms with capsules
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Some-Streptococcus pnumoniae
Killers-Klebsiella pnumoniae Have-Haemophilis influenzae Pretty-Pseudomonas aeruginosa Nice-Neisseria meningitidis Capsules-Cryptococcus neoformans others Staphylococcus. aureus Bacteroides fragilis Bordetella bronchiseptica Fusobacterium nucleatum Bacillus anthracis |
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almost all pathogenic coccus are
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either staph or strep
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BSE
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bovine spongiform encephalopathy
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MMR
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measles, mumps, and rubella
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BSA
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bovine serum albumin
OR broad spectrum antibiotic |
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DIC
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disseminated intravascular coagulation
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ARF
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acute rheumatic fever
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SSS
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scalded skin syndrome
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SOD
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superoxide dismutase
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PID
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pelvic inflammatory disease
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CMV
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cytomegalovirus
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NAD
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nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide
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EIEC
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Enteroinvasive Escherichia coli
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HUS
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hemolytic-uremic syndrome
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LPS
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lipopolysaccharide
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LOS
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lipooligosaccharide (shorter LPS)
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EHEC
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enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli
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VRE
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vancomycin-resistant enterococcus
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DPT
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diphtheria-pertussis-tetanus vaccine
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CDC
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Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
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HIV
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human immunodifficiency virus
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AIDS
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acquired immunodificiency syndrome
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MRSA
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methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus
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VRSA
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vancomycin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus
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INH
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isoniazid
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GAS
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Group-A Strep
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OPV
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Oral polio vaccine (Sabin - no booster needed)
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IPV
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Inactivated polio vaccine (Salk - needs booster)
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DNA
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deoxyribonucleic acid
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EPEC
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Enteropathogenic Escherichia coli
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EAggEC
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Enteroaggregative Escherichia coli
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Sporosarcina
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gram +
rod endospore forming S. pasteurii |
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Sporolactobacillus
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gram +
rod anaerobic endospore forming motile lactic acid bacteria CAT - S. dextrus |
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Endospore forming:
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Clostridium
Sporosarcina Bacillus Sporolactobacillus Thermoactinomyces |
