Reading...
Play button
Play button
Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
12 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
What are the symptoms of GIT pathology?
|
Appetite
Nausea Vomiting Haematemesis Dysphagia Heart burn/reflux Abdominal pain Weight loss Bowel habit Stool characteristics Blood/malena Fevers Overseas trips |
|
|
What is Haematemesis?
|
Hematemesis (American English) or haematemesis (International English) is the vomiting of fresh red blood. The source is generally the upper gastrointestinal tract. Patients can easily confuse it with hemoptysis (coughing up blood), although the former is more common.
|
|
|
What is malena?
|
In medicine, melena or melaena refers to the black, "tarry" feces that are associated with gastrointestinal hemorrhage. The black color is caused by oxidation of the iron in hemoglobin during its passage through the ileum and colon.
|
|
|
What are the transverse planes related to the GIT?
|
T9 - Xiphisternum
L1 - transpyloric L3 - subcostal L4 - Iliac crest |
|
|
What are the quadrants related to the GIT?
|
R & L upper and lower quadrants
9 segments R hypochondrium, epigastrium, L hypochondrium R lumbar, umbilical, L lumbar R inguinal, suprapubic, L inguinal |
|
|
Where is the localisation of pain?
|
Foregut - epigastrium
Midgut - umbilical Hindgut - suprapubic (hypogastric) Diaphragmatic - shoulder tip Gall bladder - tip of scapula Ureteric - inguinal canal |
|
|
What needs to be done on examination of the GIT?
|
- Consent, privacy, warm hands, comminate
- Should have observed general appearance, face & hands - jaundice, anaemia, xanthalesma, halitosis, teeth, tongue, leukoplakia, pharynx, salivary glands & lymph nodes, leukonychia, clubbing, palmar eytherma, dupytrens contracture, flapping tremor, bruising, tendon xanthomata, spider naevi, scratch marks - Inspection - Palpation - Percussion - Auscultation |
|
|
What needs to be looked for on Inspection during examination of GIT?
|
Scars
Striae Distension Contours Umbilicus Veins Pulsations Visible peristalsis |
|
|
What needs to be felt on palpation of the GIT?
|
- point to site(s) of tenderness
- light palpation starting furthest from pain sites - Deep palpation > guarding, cross tenderness, rebound tenderness, pain on cough, pain on striaght leg raising - palpation for organs > liver, spleen, kidneys, aorta, colon, uterus, ovaries, bladder |
|
|
What needs to be percussed for the GIT?
|
liver
spleen bladder ascites - shifting dullness |
|
|
What needs to be auscultated for the GIT?
|
Bowel sounds
Aortic & renal bruits |
|
|
What is ascites?
|
In medicine (gastroenterology), ascites (also known as hydroperitoneum or more archaically as abdominal dropsy) is an accumulation of fluid in the peritoneal cavity. Although most commonly due to cirrhosis and severe liver disease, its presence can portend other significant medical problems. Diagnosis of the cause is usually with blood tests, an ultrasound scan of the abdomen and direct removal of the fluid by needle or paracentesis (which may also be therapeutic). Treatment may be with medication (diuretics), paracentesis or other treatments directed at the cause.
|
