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7 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What are some limitations of sampling?
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- there are many different ways that you can pick your sample, but not many will allow direct generalisations to the entire population
- Regardless of how 'big' your sample is, if it is chosen badly or inadequately covers the general population, it remains a biased sample and this will need to be recognised |
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What are 5 different sampling methods?
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Random sampling
Systematic sampling Cluster sampling Snowball (chain referral) sampling Convenience sampling |
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What is Random sampling?
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- Each person within the population of interest has an equal chance of being selected for the study
- Does not ensure that the characteristics of the sample & population will coincide exactly, but can be used with statistics to determine the range within which they are the same - Number of ways to do this, but often involves a computer program picking random numbers which match up to assigned numbers for the population |
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What is Systematic sampling?
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- Using a predetermined system to pick participants
- Usually requires a list of partcipant, and you invite every nth person to be involved in the project - If the list is not arranged in a particular order (e.g. alphabetically) can be considered equivalent to random sampling. |
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What is Cluster sampling?
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- The unit of sampling is a group (or cluster) of people rather than individuals
- Clusters may include villages, apartment buildings, classes, families etc - Convenient method that has a problem because often 'like people stick together' |
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What is Snowball (chain referral)sampling?
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- People who meet the criteria for inclusion in a study are asked to name others they know whom also fit the criteria for inclusion.
- Can be useful to identify hard-to-find individuals (e.g. those with illegal behaviours, homeless people etc) |
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What is Convenience sampling?
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- People chosen because the investigator presumes that they are typical of the population
- Often chosen in a haphazard fashion, or because that they are 'handy' or easy to obtain - Often find researchers will approach only people that they do not feel threatened by, believe may be interested in the research etc - rarely reflect the true population - important to think about how truly your sample might reflect the actual population and discuss this |
