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48 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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These cards are all words followed by definitions. So you probably want to hit the "Study other side first" option below
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intro
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central nervous system (CNS)
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composed of brain and spinal cord
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peripheral nervous system
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divided into a sensory system and a motor system
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afferent system
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carries sensory information from receptors toward the CNS
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efferent system
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carries motor information away from the CNS towards muscles and glands
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neuron
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nerve cell
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cell body
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main part of neuron, contains the cell nucleus
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dendrites
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transmit impulses to the cell body, several in a neuron
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axon
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transmits impulses away from the cell body, only one per neuron
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myelin sheath
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surrounds the axon
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myelinated axon
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axon surrounded by myelin sheath
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white matter
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synonym for myelinated axon
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gray matter
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synonym for non-myelinated axon
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node of Ranvier
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interruption in the myelin sheath, improves impulse speed
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synapse
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region of communication between one neuron and another
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synaptic bulb
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termination of an axon
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neurotransmitter
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chemical that transmits a nervous impulse (either inhibits or enhances a reaction)
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meninges
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membranes that protect the brain and spinal cord
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dura mater
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outer meningeal layer
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arachnoid
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middle, spider-like meningeal layer
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pia mater
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inner meningeal layer
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cerebrum
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largest and uppermost portion of brain
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frontal lobe
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front lobe of cerebrum, associated with intellect, personality, emotion
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temporal lobe
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lobe of cerebrum in front of ears, associated with hearing and smell
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occipital lobe
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lobe at the back of the cerebrum, associated with vision
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parietal lobe
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located in the top mid-section of cerebrum, associated with language, sensation
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insula lobe
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located deep inside the cerebrum
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diencephalon
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located between the cerebrum and the brain stem
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thalamus
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upper part of dienchapalon
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hypothalamus
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lower part of diencephalon
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brain stem
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located below the diencephalon and above the spinal cord
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midbrain
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upper portion of brain stem
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pons
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middle portion of brain stem
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medulla (oblongata)
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lowest part of brain stem, joins with spinal cord
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cerebellum
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located below the cerebrum and posterior to the brain stem
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ventricles
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four cavities in brain responsible for forming cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)
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cervical nerves
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the first eight nerve pairs that branch out from the spinal cord
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thoracic nerves
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the middle 12 nerve pairs that branch out from the thoracic section spinal cord
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lumbar nerves
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the 5 nerve pairs in the lumbar region of the spine
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sacral nerves
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the 5 nerve pairs in the sacral region of the spine
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coccygeal nerve
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the single nerve pair in the coccygeal region of the spine
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somatic system
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nerves connected to skin and muscle involved in concious activities (both sensory [afferent] and motor [efferent] activities)
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autonomic system
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nerves connected to tissues that are under unconcious motor (efferent) control
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visceral system
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nerves conected to tissues that provide nonconcious sensory (afferent) information
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sympathetic system
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part of the autonomic system that increases heart and breathing rates
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parasympathetic system
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part of autonomic system that decreases heart and breathing rates
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receptors
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sensory nerve endings that respond to various stimulation
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nociceptors
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pain receptors
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