Med Terms Urinary System

Front 1

kidneys

Back 1

two bean shaped organs located on each side of the vertebral column on the posterior wall of the abdominal cavity behind the parietal peritoneum. Function is to remove waste products from the blood and aid in maintaining water and electrolyte balance.

Front 2

nephron

Back 2

urine-producing microscopic structure. Approx 1 million nephrons in each kidney.

Front 3

glomerulus

Back 3

cluster of capillaries at the entrance of the nephron. Process of filtering the blood and forming urine starts here.

Front 4

renal pelvis

Back 4

funnel shaped reservoir that collect the urine and passes it to the ureter

Front 5

hilium

Back 5

indentation on the medial side of the kidney where the ureter leaves the kidney

Front 6

ureters

Back 6

2 slender tubes approx 10-13 inces long that receive the urine from the kidneys and carry it to the posterior portion of the bladder

Front 7

urinary bladder

Back 7

muscular, hollow organ that temporarily holds the urine. As it fills, the thick, muscular walls becomes thinner and the organ increases in size

Front 8

urethra

Back 8

lowest part of the urinary tract, through which the urine passes from the urinary bladder to the outside of the body. This narrow tube varies in length by sex: 1.5 inches long in female and 8 inches in male, in whom it is also part of the reproductive system. Carries seminal fluid at ejaculation.

Front 9

Urinary meatus

Back 9

opening through which urine passes to outside

Front 10

cyst/o, vesic/o

Back 10

bladder, sac

Front 11

glomerul/o

Back 11

glomerulus

Front 12

meat/o

Back 12

meatus, opening

Front 13

nephr/o, ren/o

Back 13

kidney

Front 14

pyel/o

Back 14

renal pelvis

Front 15

ureter/o

Back 15

ureter

Front 16

urethr/o

Back 16

urethra

Front 17

albumin/o

Back 17

albumin

Front 18

azot/o

Back 18

urea, nitrogen

Front 19

blast/o

Back 19

developing cell, germ cell

Front 20

glyc/o, glycos/o

Back 20

sugar

Front 21

hydr/o

Back 21

water

Front 22

lith/o

Back 22

stone, calculus

Front 23

noct/i

Back 23

night

Front 24

olig/o

Back 24

scanty, few

Front 25

son/o

Back 25

sound

Front 26

tom/o

Back 26

cut, section

Front 27

urin/o, ur/o

Back 27

urine, urinary tract

Front 28

-iasis, -esis

Back 28

condition

Front 29

-lysis

Back 29

loosening, dissolution, separating

Front 30

-megaly

Back 30

enlargement

Front 31

-ptosis

Back 31

drooping, sagging, prolapse

Front 32

-rrhapgy

Back 32

suturing, repairing

Front 33

-tripsy

Back 33

surgical crushing

Front 34

-trophy

Back 34

nourishment, development

Front 35

-uria

Back 35

urine, urination

Front 36

cystitis

Back 36

inflammation of the bladder

Front 37

cystocele

Back 37

protrusion of the bladder

Front 38

cystolith

Back 38

stone in the bladder

Front 39

glomerulonephritis

Back 39

inflammation of the glomeruli of the kidney

Front 40

hydronephrosis

Back 40

abnormal condition of water in the kidney (distension of the renal pelvis with urine because of an obstruction)

Front 41

nephritis

Back 41

inflammation of a kidney

Front 42

nephroblastoma

Back 42

kidney tumor containing developing cells (malignant tumor) also called Wilms tumor

Front 43

nephrohypertrophy

Back 43

excessive development (increase in size of ) the kidney

Front 44

nephrolithiasis

Back 44

condition of stone in the kidney

Front 45

nephroma

Back 45

tumor of the kidney

Front 46

nephromegaly

Back 46

enlargement of a kidney

Front 47

nephroptosis

Back 47

drooping kidney

Front 48

pyelitis

Back 48

inflammation of the renal pelvis

Front 49

pyelonephritis

Back 49

inflammation of the renal pelvis and the kidney

Front 50

uremia

Back 50

condition of urine (urea) in the blood (toxic condition resulting from retention of by-products of the kidney in the blood)

Front 51

nephritis

Back 51

inflammation of a kidney

Front 52

nephroblastoma

Back 52

kidney tumor containing developing cells (malignant tumor) also called Wilms tumor

Front 53

nephrohypertrophy

Back 53

excessive development (increase in size of ) the kidney

Front 54

nephrolithiasis

Back 54

condition of stone in the kidney

Front 55

nephroma

Back 55

turmor of the kidney

Front 56

nephromegaly

Back 56

enlargement of a kidney

Front 57

nephroptosis

Back 57

drooping kidney

Front 58

pyelitis

Back 58

inflammation of the renal pelvis

Front 59

pyelonephritis

Back 59

inflammation of the renal pelvis and the kidney

Front 60

uremia

Back 60

condition of urine (urea) in the blood (toxic condition resulting from retention of by-products of the kidney in the blood)

Front 61

ureteritis

Back 61

inflammation of a ureter

Front 62

ureterocele

Back 62

protrusion of a ureter

Front 63

ureterolithiasis

Back 63

condition of stones in the ureters

Front 64

urethrocystitis

Back 64

inflammation of the urethra and the bladder

Front 65

ureterostenosis

Back 65

narrowing of the ureter

Front 66

epispadias

Back 66

congential defect in which the urinary meatus is located on the upper surface of the penis

Front 67

hypospadias

Back 67

congential defect in which the urinary meatus is located on the underside of the penis; similar defect can occur in the female

Front 68

polycystic kidney disease

Back 68

condition in which the kidney contains many cysts and is enlarged

Front 69

renal calculi

Back 69

stones in the kidney

Front 70

renal hypertension

Back 70

elevated blood pressure resulting from kidney disease

Front 71

sepsis

Back 71

pathogenic microorganisms, usually bacteria, enter the bloodstream causing a systemic inflammatory response to the infection (septicemia)

Front 72

urinary retention

Back 72

abnormal accumulation of urine the bladder because of an inability to urinate

Front 73

urinary suppression

Back 73

sudden stoppage of urine formation

Front 74

urinary tract infection (UTI)

Back 74

infection of one or more organs of the urinary tract

Front 75

cystectomy

Back 75

excision of the bladder

Front 76

cystolithotomy

Back 76

incision of the bladder to remove a stone

Front 77

cystorrhaphy

Back 77

suturing the bladder

Front 78

cystostomy

Back 78

creating an artificial opening into the bladder

Front 79

cystotomy or vesicotomy

Back 79

incision of the bladder

Front 80

lithotripsy

Back 80

surgical crushing of a stone

Front 81

meatotomy

Back 81

incision of the meatus

Front 82

nephrectomy

Back 82

excision of a kidney

Front 83

nephrolysis

Back 83

separating the kidney from other body structures

Front 84

nephropexy

Back 84

surgical fixation of the kidney

Front 85

nephropyelolithotomy

Back 85

incision through the kidney to the renal pelvis to remove a stone

Front 86

nephrostomy

Back 86

creation of an artificial opening into the kidney

Front 87

pyelolithotomy

Back 87

incision of the renal pelvis to remove a stone

Front 88

pyeloplasty

Back 88

surgical repair of the renal pelvis

Front 89

ureterectomy

Back 89

excision of a ureter

Front 90

ureterostomy

Back 90

creation of an artifical opening into the ureter

Front 91

urethroplasty

Back 91

surgical repair of the urethra

Front 92

vesicourethral suspension

Back 92

suspension pertaining to the bladder and urethra

Front 93

extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL)

Back 93

noninvasive tx fro removal of kidney or ureteral stone(s). Uses ultrasound and fluoroscopic imaging to position stone at a focal point. Repeated firing of shock waves renders stone into fragments that pass from the body through urine (also called shock wave lithotripsy)

Front 94

fulguration

Back 94

destruction of living tissue with an electric spark

Front 95

renal transplant

Back 95

surgical implantation of a donor kidney to replace a nonfunctioning kidney

Front 96

cystogram

Back 96

xray image of the bladder

Front 97

cystography

Back 97

xray imaging of the bladder

Front 98

intravenous urogram (IVU)
or intravenous pyelogram

Back 98

xray image of the urinary tract

Front 99

nephrogram

Back 99

xray image of the kidney

Front 100

nephrography

Back 100

xray imaging of the kidney

Front 101

nephrosonography

Back 101

process of recording the kidney using sound (ultrasound test)

Front 102

nephrotomogram

Back 102

xray image of the kidney

Front 103

renogram

Back 103

graphic record of the kidney produced by radioactivity after injecting a radiopharmaceutical or radioactive material into the blood (nuclear medicine test)

Front 104

retrograde urogram

Back 104

xray image of the urinary tract (move in an direction opposite from normal) with contrast medium instilled through urethral catheters by a cystoscope

Front 105

voiding cystourethrography

Back 105

xray imaging of the bladder and the urethra. Radiopaque dye is instilled in bladder. Xray images are taken of the bladder and during urination of the dye.

Front 106

cystoscope

Back 106

instrument used for visual examination of the bladder

Front 107

cystoscopy

Back 107

visual examination of the bladder

Front 108

meatoscope

Back 108

instrument used for visual examination of the meatus

Front 109

meatoscopy

Back 109

visual examination of the meatus

Front 110

urethroscope

Back 110

instrument used for visual examination of the urethra

Front 111

uriometer

Back 111

instrument used to measure the specific gravity of urine

Front 112

KUB (kidney, ureter, bladder)

Back 112

simple xray image of the abdomen. Used to view the kidneys, ureters, bladder to determine size, shape, and location. Also used to identify calculi in the kidneys, ureters, or bladder or to diagnose intestinal obstruction

Front 113

blood urea nitrogen (BUN)

Back 113

blood test measuring amt of urea in the blood. Used to determine kidney function. Increased BUN indicates renal dysfunction.

Front 114

creatinine

Back 114

blood test measuring amt of creatinine in the blood. Elevated amt indicates impaired kidney function.

Front 115

specific gravity (SG)

Back 115

test performed on urine specimen to measure concentraing or diluting ability of the kidneys

Front 116

urinalysis (UA)

Back 116

multiple routine tests performed on a urine specimen

Front 117

albuminuria

Back 117

albumin in the urine; indicates kidney problem

Front 118

anuria

Back 118

absence of urine (failure of the kidney to produce urine)

Front 119

azotemia

Back 119

excessive urea and nitrogenous substances in the blood

Front 120

diuresis

Back 120

condition of urine passing through (increasing excretion of urine)

Front 121

dysuria

Back 121

difficult or painful urination

Front 122

glycosuria

Back 122

sugar (glucose) in the urine

Front 123

hematuria

Back 123

blood in the urine

Front 124

meatal

Back 124

pertaining to the meatus

Front 125

nephrologist

Back 125

physician who studies and treats diseases of the kidney

Front 126

nephrology

Back 126

study of the kidney

Front 127

nocturia

Back 127

night urination

Front 128

ologuria

Back 128

scanty urine (amount)

Front 129

polyuria

Back 129

much (excessive) urine

Front 130

pyuria

Back 130

pus in the urine

Front 131

urinary

Back 131

pertaining to urine

Front 132

urologist

Back 132

physician who studies and treats diseases of the urinary tract

Front 133

urology

Back 133

study of the urinary tract

Front 134

catheter (cath)

Back 134

flexible, tubelike device for withdrawing or instilling fluids

Front 135

distended

Back 135

stretched out

Front 136

diuretic

Back 136

agent that increases the formation and excretion of urine

Front 137

enuresis

Back 137

involuntary urination (bedwetting)

Front 138

hemodialysis (HD)

Back 138

procedure for removing impurities from the blood because of inability of kidneys to do so

Front 139

incontinence

Back 139

inability to control bladder/bowels

Front 140

micturate

Back 140

to urinate or void

Front 141

peritoneal dialysis

Back 141

procedure for removing toxic wastes when the kidney is unable to do so; the peritoneal cavity is used as the receptacle for the fluid used in the dialysis

Front 142

stricture

Back 142

abnormal narrowing such as urethral stricture

Front 143

urinal

Back 143

receptacle for urne

Front 144

urinary catherization

Back 144

passage of a catheter into the urinary bladder to withdraw urine

Front 145

urodynamics

Back 145

pertaining to the force and flow of urine within the urinary tract

Front 146

void

Back 146

to empty or evacute waste material, especially urine

Front 147

BUN

Back 147

blood urea nitrogen

Front 148

cath

Back 148

catheterization, catheter

Front 149

ESWL

Back 149

extracorporeal shock wave therapy

Front 150

HD

Back 150

hemodialysis

Front 151

IVU

Back 151

intravenous urogram

Front 152

SG

Back 152

specific gravity

Front 153

UA

Back 153

urinalysis

Front 154

UTI

Back 154

urinary tract infection

Front 155

VCUG

Back 155

voiding cystourethrogram