Med. Terms: Lymphatic & Immune

Front 1

Vocabulary:

Production of antibodies and lymphocytes after exposure to an antigen

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Vocabulary:

acquired immunity

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Vocabulary:

Mass of lymphatic tissue in the nasopharynx

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Vocabulary:

adenoids

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Vocabulary:

Protein produced by B cell lymphocytes to destroy antigens

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Vocabulary:

antibody

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Vocabulary:

Substance that the body recognizes as foreign; evokes an immune response. Most are proteins or protein fragments found on the surface of bacteria, viruses, or organ transplant tissue cells

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Vocabulary:

antigen

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Vocabulary:

Lymph nodes in the armpit (underarm)

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Vocabulary:

axillary nodes

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Vocabulary:

Lymphocyte that originates in the bone marrow and transforms into a plasma cell to secrete antibodies.

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Vocabulary:

B cell (B lymphocyte)

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Vocabulary:

Lymph nodes in the neck region

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Vocabulary:

cervical nodes

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Vocabulary:

Proteins in the blood that help antibodies and T cells kill their target

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Vocabulary:

complement system

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Vocabulary:

Proteins that aid and regulate the immune response. Examples are interferons and interleukins

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Vocabulary:

cytokines

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Vocabulary:

T lymphocyte that directly kills foreign cells (CD8⁺ cell or T8 cell)

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Vocabulary:

cytotoxic T cell

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Vocabulary:

Specialized macrophage that digests foreign cells and helps B and T cells to mark antigens for destruction

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Vocabulary:

dendritic cell

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Vocabulary:

Lymphocyte that aids B cells and cytotoxic T cells in recognizing antigens and stimulating antibody production; also called CD4⁺ cell or T4 cell

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Vocabulary:

helper T cell

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Vocabulary:

Body's ability to resist foreign organisms and toxins

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Vocabulary:

immunity

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Vocabulary:

Antibodies (gamma globulins) such as IgA, IgE, IgG, IgM, and IgD that are secreted by plasma cells in response to the presence of an antigen

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Vocabulary:

immunoglobulins

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Vocabulary:

Use of immune cells, antibodies, or vaccines to treat or prevent disease

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Vocabulary:

immunotherapy

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Vocabulary:

Lymph nodes in the groin region

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Vocabulary:

inguinal nodes

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Vocabulary:

Proteins (cytokines) secreted by T cells to aid and regulate the immune response

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Vocabulary:

interferons

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Vocabulary:

Proteins (cytokines) that stimulate the growth of B and T lymphocytes

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Vocabulary:

interleukins

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Vocabulary:

Fluid in the spaces between cells. This fluid becomes lymph when it enters lymph capillaries

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Vocabulary:

interstitial fluid

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Vocabulary:

Thin, watery fluid found within lymphatic vessels and collected from tissues throughout the body.

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Vocabulary:

lymph

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Vocabulary:

Tiniest lymphatic vessels

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Vocabulary:

lymph capillaries

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Vocabulary:

Lymph nodes, spleen, and thymus gland

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Vocabulary:

lymphoid organs

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Vocabulary:

A collection of stationary solid lymphatic tissue along lymph vessels

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Vocabulary:

lymph node

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Vocabulary:

Carrier of lymph throughout the body; empties lymph into veins in the upper part of the chest

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Vocabulary:

lymph vessel

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Large phagocyte found in lymph nodes and other tissues of the body

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Vocabulary:

macrophage

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Vocabulary:

Lymph nodes in the area between the lungs in the thoracic (chest) cavity

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Vocabulary:

mediastinal nodes

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Vocabulary:

Antibody produced in a laboratory to attack antigens and to destroy cells. It is useful in immunotherapy

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Vocabulary:

monoclonal antibody

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Vocabulary:

Protection that an individual inherits to fight infection

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Vocabulary:

natural immunity

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Vocabulary:

Lymphocyte that produces and secretes antibodies. It originates from B lymphocytes

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Vocabulary:

plasma cell

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Vocabulary:

Large lymphatic vessel in the chest that receives lymph from the upper right part of the body

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Vocabulary:

right lymphatic duct

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Vocabulary:

Organ near the stomach that produces, stores, and eliminates blood cells

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Vocabulary:

spleen

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Vocabulary:

Lymphocyte that inhibits the activity of B and T lymphocytes. Also called a Treg (regulatory T cell)

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Vocabulary:

suppressor T cell

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Vocabulary:

Lymphocyte that originates in the bone marrow but matures in the thymus gland; it acts directly on antigens to destroy them or produce chemicals (cytokines) such as interferons and interleukins that are toxic to antigens

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Vocabulary:

T cell (T lymphocyte)

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Vocabulary:

The ability of T lymphocytes to recognize and accept the body's own antigens as "self" or friendly.

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Vocabulary:

tolerance

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Vocabulary:

Large lymphatic vessel in the chest that receives lymph from below the diaphragm and from the left side of the body above the diaphragm; it empties the lymph into veins in the upper chest

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Vocabulary:

thoracic duct

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Vocabulary:

Organ in the mediastinum that conditions T lymphocytes to react to foreign cells and aids in the immune response

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Vocabulary:

thymus gland

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Vocabulary:

Mass of lymphatic tissue int he back of the oropharynx

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Vocabulary:

tonsils

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Vocabulary:

Poison; a protein produced by certain bacteria, animals, or plants

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Vocabulary:

toxin

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Vocabulary:

Exposure of an individual to a foreign protein (antigen) that provokes an immune response. The response will destroy any cell that possesses the antigen on its surface and will protect against infection.

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Vocabulary:

vaccination

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Vocabulary:

Weakened or killed microorganisms, toxins, or other proteins given to induce immunity to infection or disease

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Vocabulary:

vaccine

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Combining Forms:

immuno/o

Back 41

Combining Forms:

protection

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Combining Forms:

lymph/o

Back 42

Combining Forms:

lymph

Front 43

Combining Forms:

lymphaden/o

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Combining Forms:

lymph node (gland)

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Combining Forms:

speln/o

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Combining Forms:

spleen

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Combining Forms:

thym/o

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Combining Forms:

thymus gland

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Combining Forms:

tox/o

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Combining Forms:

poison

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Prefixes:

ana-

Back 47

Prefixes:

again, anew

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Prefixes:

inter-

Back 48

Prefixes:

between

Front 49

Pathology:

Group of clinical signs and symptoms associated with suppression of the immune system and marked by opportunistic infection, secondary neoplasms, and neurologic problems

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Pathology:

acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS)

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Pathology:

Abnormal hypersensitivity acquired by exposure to an antigen

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Pathology:

allergy

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Pathology:

Malignant tumor of lymph nodes and lymph tissue

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Pathology:

lymphoma

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Pathology:

Malignant tumor of bone marrow cells

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Pathology:

multiple myeloma

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Pathology:

Malignant tumor of the thymus gland

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Pathology:

thymoma

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Lab Tests:

Measures the number of CD4⁺ T cells (helper T cells) in the bloodstream of patients with AIDS

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Lab Tests:

CD4⁺ cell count

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Lab Tests:

Screening test to detect anti-HIV antibodies in the bloodstream

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Lab Tests:

ELISA (enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay)

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Lab Tests:

Test that separates immunoglobulins (IgM, IgG, IgE, IgA, IgD)

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Lab Tests:

immunoelectrophoresis

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Lab Tests:

Measurement of the amount of AIDS virus (HIV) in the bloodstream

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Lab Tests:

viral load test

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Clinical Procedures:

X-ray imaging produces cross-sectional and other views of anatomic structures

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Clinical Procedures:

computed tomography (CT) scan

Front 59

Vocabulary:

Substance capable of causing a specific hypersensitivity reaction in the body; a type of antigen

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Vocabulary:

allergen

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Vocabulary:

Exaggerated or unusual hypersensitivity to foreign protein or other substance

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Vocabulary:

anaphylaxis

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Vocabulary:

Hypersensitive or allergic state involving an inherited predisposition.

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Vocabulary:

atopy

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Malignant tumor of lymphoid tissue in spleen and lymph nodes; Reed-Sternberg cell often is found on microscopic analysis

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Vocabulary:

Hodgkin disease

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Vocabulary:

Malignant lesion associated with AIDS; arises from the lining of capillaries and appears as red, purple, brown, or black skin nodules

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Vocabulary:

Kaposi sarcoma

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Vocabulary:

Group of malignant tumors involving lymphoid tissue. Examples are follicular lymphoma and large cell lymphoma

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Vocabulary:

non-Hodgkin lymphomas

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Vocabulary:

Drug that treats AIDS by locking the production of protease, a proteolytic enzyme that helps create new viral pieces for HIV

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Vocabulary:

protease inhibitor
(nelfinavir, amprenavir)

Front 66

Vocabulary:

Drug that treats AIDS by locking reverse transcriptase, and enzyme needed to make copies of HIV

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Vocabulary:

reverse transcriptase inhibitor (RTI)
(zidovudine and lamivudine (Epivir))

Front 67

Vocabulary:

Weight loss, decrease in muscular strength, appetite, and mental activity; associated with AIDS

Back 67

Vocabulary:

wasting syndrome