Med Terms Chapter 2

Front 1

Cell

Back 1

Basic unit of all living things

Front 2

Cell membrane

Back 2

Forms the boundary of the cell

Front 3

Cytoplasm

Back 3

Gel like fluid inside the cell

Front 4

Nucleus

Back 4

Largest structure within the cell, contains chromosomes and is control center of cell

Front 5

Chromosomes

Back 5

Located in the nucleus of the cell

Front 6

Genes

Back 6

Regions within the chromosomes

Front 7

DNA

Back 7

Comprises each genre, is a genetic material that regulates the activities of cells

Front 8

Tissue

Back 8

Group of similar cells that performs a specific function

Front 9

Muscle tissue

Back 9

Composed of cells that have a special ability to contract, usually producing movement

Front 10

Nervous tissue

Back 10

Found in the nerves, spinal cord, and brain. It is responsible for coordinating and controlling body activities

Front 11

Connective tissue

Back 11

Connects, supports, penetrates, and encases various body structures. Fat, bone tissues, and blood.

Front 12

Epithelial tissue

Back 12

The major covering of the external surface of the body, forms membranes that line the body cavities and organs and is the major tissue in glands

Front 13

Organ

Back 13

2 or more kinds of tissue that together perform special body functions.

Front 14

System

Back 14

Group of organs that work together to perform complex body functions

Front 15

Integumentary system

Back 15

Composed of skin, nails, and glands. Forms a protective covering for the body, regulates body temp, and helps manufacture vitamin d

Front 16

Respiratory system

Back 16

Composed of nose, pharynx (throat), larynx (voice box), trachea (windpipe), bronchial tunes and lungs. Performs respiration which provides for the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide within the body

Front 17

Urinary system

Back 17

Closed of kidneys, ureters, bladder, and urethra. Removes waste (urine) from the body, regulates fluid volume, and maintains electrolyte concentration.

Front 18

Reproductive system

Back 18

Female system composed of ovaries, uterine tubes, uterus, vagina, and mammary glands. Males is testes, urethra, penis, prostate gland, and associated tubes. Responsible for heredity and reproduction

Front 19

Cardiovascular system

Back 19

Composed of the heart and blood vessels. Post and transports blood throughout the body

Front 20

Lymphatic system

Back 20

Composed of a network of vessels, ducts, nodes, and organs. Provides for defense against infection and drainage of extracellular fluid.

Front 21

Digestive system

Back 21

Composed of the gastrointestinal tract which includes the mouth, esophagus, stomach, large and small intestines plus accessory organs, liver, gallbladder, and pancreas. Prepares food for use by the body cells and eliminates waste.

Front 22

Musculoskeletal system

Back 22

Composed of muscle, bones, and joints. Provides movement and framework for the body, protects vital organs such as the brain, stores calcium, and produces red blood cells

Front 23

Nervous system

Back 23

Composed of the brain, spinal cord, and nerves. Regulates body activities by sending and receiving messages

Front 24

Endocrine system

Back 24

Composed of glands that secrete hormones. Hormones regulate many body functions

Front 25

Cranial cavity

Back 25

Space inside the skull containing the brain

Front 26

Spinal cavity

Back 26

Space inside the spinal column containing the spinal cord

Front 27

Thoracic or chest cavity

Back 27

Space containing the heart, aorta, lungs, esophagus, trachea, bronchial, and mediastinal area

Front 28

Abdominal cavity

Back 28

Space containing the stomach, intestines, kidneys, adrenal glands, liver, gallbladder, pancreas, spleen, and ureters.

Front 29

Pelvic cavity

Back 29

Space containing the urinary bladder, certain reproductive organs, parts of the small and large intestines and the rectum

Front 30

Abdominopelvic cavity

Back 30

Both the pelvic and abdominal cavities

Front 31

Aden/o

Back 31

Gland

Front 32

Cyt/o

Back 32

Cell

Front 33

Epitheli/o

Back 33

Epithelium

Front 34

Fibr/o

Back 34

Fiber

Front 35

Hist/o

Back 35

Tissue

Front 36

Kary/o

Back 36

Nucleus

Front 37

Lip/o

Back 37

Fat

Front 38

My/o

Back 38

Muscle

Front 39

Neur/o

Back 39

Nerve

Front 40

Organ/o

Back 40

Organ

Front 41

Sarc/o

Back 41

Flesh, connective tissue

Front 42

System/o

Back 42

System

Front 43

Viscer/o

Back 43

Internal organs

Front 44

Cancer/o

Back 44

Cancer

Front 45

Carcin/o

Back 45

Cancer

Front 46

Eti/o

Back 46

Cause (of disease)

Front 47

Gno/o

Back 47

Knowledge

Front 48

iatr/o

Back 48

Physician, medicine also means treatment

Front 49

Lei/o

Back 49

Smooth

Front 50

Onc/o

Back 50

Tumor, mass

Front 51

Path/o

Back 51

Disease

Front 52

Rhabd/o

Back 52

Rod shaped, striated

Front 53

Somat/o

Back 53

Body

Front 54

Chlor/o

Back 54

Green

Front 55

Chrom/o

Back 55

Color

Front 56

Cyan/o

Back 56

Blue

Front 57

Erythr/o

Back 57

Red

Front 58

Leuk/o

Back 58

White

Front 59

Melan/o

Back 59

Black

Front 60

Xanth/o

Back 60

Yellow

Front 61

Dia-

Back 61

Through, complete

Front 62

Dys-

Back 62

Painful, abnormal, difficult, labored

Front 63

Hyper-

Back 63

Above, excessive

Front 64

Hypo-

Back 64

Below, incomplete, deficient, under

Front 65

Meta-

Back 65

After, beyond, change

Front 66

Neo-

Back 66

New

Front 67

Pro-

Back 67

Before

Front 68

-al, -ic, -ous

Back 68

Pertaining to

Front 69

-cyte

Back 69

Cell

Front 70

-gen

Back 70

Substance or agent that produces or causes

Front 71

-genic

Back 71

Producing, originating, causing

Front 72

-logist

Back 72

One who studies and treats

Front 73

-logy

Back 73

Study of

Front 74

-megaly

Back 74

Enlargement

Front 75

-oid

Back 75

Resembling

Front 76

-oma

Back 76

Tumor, swelling

Front 77

-osis

Back 77

Abnormal condition (means increase when used with blood cell word roots)

Front 78

-pathy

Back 78

Disease

Front 79

-plasia

Back 79

Condition of formation, development, growth

Front 80

-plasm

Back 80

Growth, substance, formation

Front 81

-sarcoma

Back 81

Malignant tumor

Front 82

-sis

Back 82

State of

Front 83

-stasis

Back 83

Control, stop, standing

Front 84

Adenocarninoma

Back 84

Cancerous tumor of glandular tissue

Front 85

Adenoma

Back 85

Tumor composed of glandular tissue

Front 86

Carcinoma (ca)

Back 86

Cancerous tumor (malignant)

Front 87

Chloroma

Back 87

Tumor of green color

Front 88

Epithelioma

Back 88

Tumor composed of epithelium

Front 89

Fibroma

Back 89

Tumor composed of fiber

Front 90

Fibrosarcoma

Back 90

Malignant tumor composed of fiber

Front 91

Leiomyoma

Back 91

Tumor composed of smooth muscle

Front 92

Leiomyosarcoma

Back 92

Malignant tumor of smooth muscle

Front 93

Lipoma

Back 93

Tumor composed of fat

Front 94

Liposarcoma

Back 94

Malignant tumor of fat

Front 95

Melanocarcinoma

Back 95

Cancerous black tumor

Front 96

Melanoma

Back 96

Black tumor

Front 97

Myoma

Back 97

Tumor composed of muscle

Front 98

Neoplasm

Back 98

New growth (of abnormal tissue, benign or malignant)

Front 99

Neuroma

Back 99

Tumor composed of nerve

Front 100

Rhabdomyoma

Back 100

Tumor composed of striated muscle

Front 101

Rhabdomyosarcoma

Back 101

Malignant tumor of striated muscle

Front 102

Sarcoma

Back 102

Tumor of connective tissue (such as bone or cartilage)

Front 103

Cytogenic

Back 103

Producing cells

Front 104

Cytoid

Back 104

Resembling a cell

Front 105

Cytology

Back 105

Study of cells

Front 106

Cytoplasm

Back 106

Cell substance

Front 107

Dysplasia

Back 107

Abnormal development

Front 108

Epithelial

Back 108

Pertaining to the epithelium

Front 109

Erythrocyte (RBC)

Back 109

Red (blood) cell

Front 110

Erythrocytosis

Back 110

Increase in the number of red (blood)cells

Front 111

Histology

Back 111

Study of tissue

Front 112

Hyperplasia

Back 112

Excessive development (number of cells)

Front 113

Hypoplasia

Back 113

Incomplete development (of an organ or tissue)

Front 114

Karyocyte

Back 114

Cell with a nucleus

Front 115

Karyoplasm

Back 115

Substance with a nucleus

Front 116

Leukocyte (WBC)

Back 116

White (blood) cell

Front 117

Leukocytosis

Back 117

Increase in the number of white (blood) cells

Front 118

Lipoid

Back 118

Resembling fat

Front 119

Myopathy

Back 119

Disease of the muscle

Front 120

Neuroid

Back 120

Resembling a nerve

Front 121

Organomegaly

Back 121

Enlargement of an organ

Front 122

Somatic

Back 122

Pertaining to the body

Front 123

Somatogenic

Back 123

Originating in the body

Front 124

Somatopathy

Back 124

Disease of the body

Front 125

Somatoplasm

Back 125

Body substance

Front 126

Systemic

Back 126

Pertaining to a body system (or the body as a whole)

Front 127

Visceral

Back 127

Pertaining to the internal organs

Front 128

Cancerous

Back 128

Pertaining to cancer

Front 129

Carcinogen

Back 129

Substance that causes cancer

Front 130

Carcinogenic

Back 130

Producing cancer

Front 131

Cyanosis

Back 131

Abnormal condition of blue

Front 132

Diagnosis (Dx)

Back 132

State of complete knowledge (identifying a disease)

Front 133

Etiology

Back 133

Study of causes (of diseases)

Front 134

iatrogenic

Back 134

Produced by a physician (the unexpected results from a treatment prescribed by a physician)

Front 135

iatrology

Back 135

Study of medicine

Front 136

Metastasis (please. Metastases) (mets)

Back 136

Beyond control (transfer of cells from one organ to another, as in malignant tumors)

Front 137

Oncogenic

Back 137

Causing tumors

Front 138

Oncologost

Back 138

Physician who studies and treats tumors

Front 139

Oncology

Back 139

Study of tumors

Front 140

Organic

Back 140

Pertaining to an organ

Front 141

Pathogenic

Back 141

Producing disease

Front 142

Pathologist

Back 142

Physician who studies diseases (examines biopsies and performs autopsies to determine the cause of disease or death)

Front 143

Pathology

Back 143

Study of disease (a branch of medicine dealing with the study of the causes of disease and death)

Front 144

Prognosis (Px)

Back 144

State of before knowledge (prediction of the outcome of disease)

Front 145

Xanthochromic

Back 145

Pertaining to yellow color

Front 146

Xanthosis

Back 146

Abnormal condition of yellow (discoloration)

Front 147

Apoptosis

Back 147

Programmed cell death, a mechanism for cell deletion to regulate cell population, or destroy damaged or defective cells

Front 148

Benign

Back 148

Not malignant, non-recurring, favorable for recovery

Front 149

Biological therapy

Back 149

Treatment of cancer with biological response modifiers (BMR) that work with the immune system

Front 150

Carcinoma in situ

Back 150

Cancer in the early stage before invading surrounding tissue

Front 151

Chemotherapy

Back 151

Treatment of cancer with drugs

Front 152

Encapsulated

Back 152

Enclosed within a capsule, as with menign or malignant tumors that have not spread beyond the capsule of the organ in which it originated

Front 153

Exacerbation

Back 153

Increase in the severity of a disease or its symptoms

Front 154

Hospice

Back 154

Provides palliative or supportive care for terminally Ill patients and their families

Front 155

Idiopathic

Back 155

Pertaining to disease of unknown origin

Front 156

Inflammation

Back 156

Localized protective response to injury or tissue destruction characterized by redness, swelling, heat and pain

Front 157

In vitro

Back 157

Within a glass, observable within a test tube

Front 158

In vivo

Back 158

Within the living body

Front 159

Malignant

Back 159

Trending to become progressively worse and to cause death, as in cancer

Front 160

Morbidity

Back 160

State of being diseased or unwell, incidence of illness in a population

Front 161

Mortality

Back 161

State of being mortal (death), incidence of the number of deaths in a population

Front 162

Palliative

Back 162

Providing relief but not cure

Front 163

Radiation therapy (XRT)

Back 163

Treatment of cancer with a radioactive substance, x-ray, or radiation

Front 164

Remission

Back 164

Improvement or absence of signs of disease

Front 165

Neoadjuvant therapy

Back 165

A cancer treatment that precedes other treatment, such as administering chemotherapy or radiation therapy to a patient before surgery

Front 166

Adjuvant chemotherapy

Back 166

The use of chemotherapy after or in combination with another form of cancer treatment such as administering chemotherapy after surgery or with radiation therapy

Front 167

Brachytherapy

Back 167

The use of radiation in which the source of radiation is paced within or close to the area being treated

Front 168

Plural of -a

Back 168

-ae

Front 169

Plural of -ax

Back 169

-aces

Front 170

Plural of -is

Back 170

-es

Front 171

Plural of -ix

Back 171

-ices

Front 172

Plural of -ma

Back 172

-mata

Front 173

Plural of -on

Back 173

-a

Front 174

Plural of -sis

Back 174

-ses

Front 175

Plural of -um

Back 175

-a

Front 176

Plural of -us

Back 176

-i

Front 177

Plural of -nx

Back 177

-nges

Front 178

Plural of -y

Back 178

-ies

Front 179

CA

Back 179

Carcinoma

Front 180

Chemo

Back 180

Chemotherapy

Front 181

Dx

Back 181

Diagnosis

Front 182

mets

Back 182

Metastases

Front 183

Px

Back 183

Prognosis

Front 184

RBC

Back 184

Red blood cell

Front 185

XRT

Back 185

Radiation therapy

Front 186

WBC

Back 186

White blood cell