Med Terminology Chp 3

Front 1

ossification

Back 1

the formation of bone from fibrous tissue

Front 2

oste/o

Back 2

bone

Front 3

-blasts

Back 3

immature

Front 4

osteoblasts

Back 4

immature bone cells that produce boney tissue

Front 5

-clasts

Back 5

break

Front 6

combing form of bone

Back 6

oste/o
oss/e
oss/i

Front 7

hematpoietic

Back 7

blood formation. Red bone marrow in cancellous bone.

Front 8

epi-

Back 8

above

Front 9

-physis

Back 9

growth

Front 10

dia

Back 10

between

Front 11

peri-

Back 11

surrounding

Front 12

-um

Back 12

structure

Front 13

endo-

Back 13

within or inner

Front 14

meta-

Back 14

beyond

Front 15

yellow bone marrow

Back 15

fat storage

Front 16

-malacia

Back 16

abnormal softening

Front 17

-sclerosis

Back 17

abnormal hardening

Front 18

cartilage

Back 18

elastic connective tissue

Front 19

articular cartilage

Back 19

covers the joing surface of bone

Front 20

meniscus

Back 20

curved fibrous cartilage found in some joints such as the canine stifle, cushions

Front 21

cartilage combing form

Back 21

chondr/o

Front 22

joints or articulations

Back 22

connections between bones. Articulate means to join in a way that allows motion between parts

Front 23

combing form for joint

Back 23

arthr/o

Front 24

cortical bone

Back 24

hard, dense, strong bone that forms the outermost layer of bone, also called compact bone

Front 25

cancellous bone

Back 25

lighter, less strong bone that is found in the ends and inner portions of long bones, also called spongy bone.

Front 26

epiphysis

Back 26

wide end of bone, which is covered with articular carilage and is composed of cancellous bone

Front 27

proximal epiphysis

Back 27

located nearest midline of the body

Front 28

distal epiphysis

Back 28

located fartherst away from midline

Front 29

diaphysis

Back 29

shaft of a long bone that is composed mainly of compact bone

Front 30

physis

Back 30

segment of bone that involves growth of the bone, also called the growth plate of epiphyseal cartilage

Front 31

metaphysis

Back 31

wider part of long bone shaft located adjacent to the physis; in adult animals is considered part of the epiphysis

Front 32

periosteum

Back 32

tough fibrous tissue that forms the outer covering

Front 33

endosteum

Back 33

tough fibrous tissue that forms the lining of the medullary cavity

Front 34

long bones

Back 34

consist of a shaft, two ends, and a marrow cavity. ie femur

Front 35

short bones

Back 35

cube shaped with no marrow cavity. ie carpal bones

Front 36

flat bones

Back 36

thin flat bones. ie pelvis

Front 37

pneumatic bones

Back 37

sinus containing. ie frontal bone

Front 38

irregular bones

Back 38

unpaired bones. ie vertebrae

Front 39

sesamoid bone

Back 39

small bones embedded within a tendon (ie patella)
distal sesamoid of the horse

Front 40

synarthroses

Back 40

allow no movement

Front 41

amphiarthroses

Back 41

allow slight movement. ie symphysis

Front 42

diarthroses

Back 42

allow free movement. ie synovial joints.

Front 43

synarthrosis

Back 43

usually united with fibrous connective tissue. ie suture

Front 44

fontanelle

Back 44

a soft spot remaining at the junction of sutures that usually closes after birth

Front 45

symphysis

Back 45

a joint where two bones join and are held firmly together so that they function as one bone. Also called a cartilagious joint. ie pelvis symphysis

Front 46

Types of synovial joints

Back 46

1. enarthrosis - ball and socket joint. aka spheroid joints.
2.Arthrodial or condyloid joints.
3.Trochoid or pivot joints.
4.Ginglymus or hinge joint.
5.Gliding joint

Front 47

Ball and socket joint
aka Enarthrosis or spheroid joint

Back 47

allow a wide range of motion in many directions such as the hip and shoulder joint.

Front 48

Arthrodial or condyloid joints

Back 48

joints with oval projections that fit into a socket. Such as the carpal joints.

Front 49

Trochoid joints aka pivot joints

Back 49

pulley shaped joints like the connection between the atlas to the axis.

Front 50

Ginglymus or hinge joint

Back 50

allow motion in one plane direction such as a canine stifle and elbow joint

Front 51

Gliding joint

Back 51

move or glide over each other. such as the radioulnar joint or the articulating process between successive vertebrae.

Front 52

saddle joint

Back 52

located in the carpometacarpal joint of the thumb in primates.

Front 53

ligament

Back 53

band of fibrous connective tissue that connects bone to bone

Front 54

combining form for ligament

Back 54

ligament/o

Front 55

tendon

Back 55

band of fibrous connective tissue that connects muscle to bone

Front 56

combining form for tendon

Back 56

ten/o
tend/o
tendin/o

Front 57

bursa

Back 57

a fibrous sack that acts as a cushion to ease movement in areas of friction

Front 58

combining form for bursa

Back 58

burs/o
plural bursae

Front 59

synovial membrane

Back 59

the inner lining of bursae and synovial joints. Secretes synovial fluid, lubricates.

Front 60

combining form for synovial membrane/fluid

Back 60

synovi/o

Front 61

axial skeleton

Back 61

framework of the body that includes the skull, auditory ossicles, hyoid bones, vertebral column, ribs and sternum.

Front 62

appendicular skeleton

Back 62

the framework of the body that consists of the extremeities, shoulder, and pelvic girdle.

Front 63

cranium

Back 63

port of the skull that encloses the brain

Front 64

combining form skull

Back 64

crani/o

Front 65

frontal

Back 65

forms the roof of the cranial cavity or front or carnial portion of the skull

Front 66

parietal

Back 66

paired bones that form the roof of the caudal cranial cavity.

Front 67

occipital

Back 67

forms the caudal aspect of the cranial cavity where the foramen magnum is located.

Front 68

temporal

Back 68

paired bones that form the sides and base of the cranium

Front 69

sphenoid

Back 69

paired bones that form part of the base of the skull and parts of the lfoor and sides of the bony eye socket

Front 70

ethmoid

Back 70

forms the rostral part of the carnial cavity

Front 71

incisive

Back 71

forms the rostral part of the hard palate and lower edge of nares.

Front 72

pterygoid

Back 72

forms the lateral wall of the nasopharynx

Front 73

sinuses

Back 73

air or fluid filled spaces of the skull

Front 74

brachycephalic

Back 74

dogs that have short wide heads

Front 75

dolichocephalic

Back 75

dogs that have narrow long heads. ie greyhounds

Front 76

mesocephalic

Back 76

dogs that have average width to their heads. Also called mesaticephalic

Front 77

zygomatic

Back 77

face bone projections from the temporal and frontal bones to form the cheekbone.

Front 78

maxilla

Back 78

upper jaw

Front 79

mandible

Back 79

lower jaw

Front 80

palatine

Back 80

forms part of the hard palate

Front 81

lacrimal

Back 81

forms medial part of the orbit

Front 82

incisive

Back 82

forms the rostral part of the hard palate and lower edge of nares.

Front 83

nasal

Back 83

forms the bridge of the nose.

Front 84

vomer

Back 84

forms the base of the nasal septum

Front 85

hyoid

Back 85

bone suspended between the mandible and the laryngopharynx

Front 86

vertebral column or spinal column

Back 86

supports the head and body and protects that spinal cord.

Front 87

combining form for vertebra

Back 87

spondyl/o
vertebr/o

Front 88

vertebra body

Back 88

solid portion ventral to the spinal cord.

Front 89

vertebra arch

Back 89

dorsal part of the vertebra that surrounds the spinal cord

Front 90

vertebra lamina

Back 90

left or right dorsal half of the arch

Front 91

process

Back 91

projection

Front 92

spinous process

Back 92

single projection from the dorsal part of the arch

Front 93

transverse process

Back 93

project caudolaterally from the right and left sides of a vertebra

Front 94

articular process

Back 94

paired cranial and caudal projections located on the dorsum of the arch

Front 95

foramen

Back 95

opening

Front 96

vertebral foramen

Back 96

the openinig in the middle of the vertebra through which the spinal cord passes

Front 97

intervertebral discs

Back 97

cartilage discs that separate and cushion each disk

Front 98

vertebral formulas

Back 98

dog C7 T13 L7 S3 CY 6-23
cat same
horse C7 T18 L6 S5 Cy15-20
cow C7 T13 L6 S5 Cy 18-20

Front 99

combining form for ribs

Back 99

cost/o
aka costals

Front 100

sternum

Back 100

breastbone forms the midline ventral portion of the rib cage. Divided into the manubrium, body, and xiphoid process

Front 101

manubrium

Back 101

cranial portion of the sternum

Front 102

body (sternum)

Back 102

middle portion

Front 103

xiphoid process

Back 103

caudal portion of the sternum

Front 104

bones of the front limb, proximal to distal

Back 104

scapula, clavicle, humerus, radius, ulna, carpus, metacarpals, phalanges

Front 105

humerus

Back 105

long bone of the proximal front limb. aka brachium

Front 106

antebrachium

Back 106

the radius and ulna

Front 107

olecranon

Back 107

point of the elboe, on the ulna

Front 108

splint bones

Back 108

metacarpal 2 and 4

Front 109

interosseous ligament

Back 109

connects the splint bones to the cannon bone (m3)

Front 110

cloven hoof or split hoof

Back 110

digits 3 and 4,

digits 2 and 5 are vestigial

Front 111

fetlock joint

Back 111

joint between metacarpal 3 and p1

Front 112

coffin joint

Back 112

joint between p1 and p2

Front 113

p1

Back 113

long pastern bone

Front 114

p2

Back 114

short pastern bone

Front 115

p3

Back 115

coffin bone

Front 116

combining form for claw

Back 116

onych/o

Front 117

onychectomy

Back 117

declaw

Front 118

sesamoid bones

Back 118

small nodular bones embedded in a tendon or joint capsule

Front 119

navicular bone

Back 119

sesamoid bone located inside the hoof on the palmar or plantar suface of P3

Front 120

bones of the rear limb

Back 120

pelvis, femur, tibia, fibia, tarsals, metatarsals, phalanges

Front 121

bones of the pelvis, cranial to caudal

Back 121

ilium, pubis, ischium

Front 122

sacroilic joint

Back 122

joint between the ilium and sacrum

Front 123

patella

Back 123

sesamoid bone, knee cap in dogs, stifle in horses

Front 124

popliteal

Back 124

sesamoid bone locted on the caudal surface of the stifle

Front 125

tibia

Back 125

weight bearing bone of rear limb

Front 126

fibula

Back 126

long slender bone of rear limb.

Front 127

hock

Back 127

tarsus

Front 128

calcaneus

Back 128

long lateral tarsa bone located in the proximal row of tarsal bones

Front 129

aperture

Back 129

opening

Front 130

canal

Back 130

tunnel

Front 131

condyle

Back 131

rounded projection that articulates with another bone

Front 132

crest

Back 132

high projection or border projection

Front 133

crista

Back 133

ridge

Front 134

dens

Back 134

toothlike structure

Front 135

eminence

Back 135

surface projection

Front 136

facet

Back 136

smooth area

Front 137

foramen

Back 137

hole

Front 138

fossa

Back 138

trench or hollow depressed area

Front 139

fovea

Back 139

small pit

Front 140

head

Back 140

major projection

Front 141

lamina

Back 141

thin flat plate

Front 142

line

Back 142

low projection or ridge

Front 143

malleolus

Back 143

rounded projection dital end of tib/fib

Front 144

meatus

Back 144

passage or opening

Front 145

process

Back 145

projection

Front 146

protuberance

Back 146

projecting part

Front 147

ramus

Back 147

branch or smaller structure given off by a larger structure

Front 148

sinus

Back 148

space of cavity

Front 149

spine

Back 149

sharp projection

Front 150

sulcus

Back 150

groove

Front 151

trochanter

Back 151

broad, flat projection (on femur)

Front 152

tubercle

Back 152

small rounded surface projection

Front 153

tuberosity

Back 153

projecting part

Front 154

arthrocentesis

Back 154

surgical puncture of a joint to remove fluid for analysis

Front 155

arthrography

Back 155

injection of a joint with a contrast material for radiographic examination

Front 156

arthroscopy

Back 156

visual examination of the joint using a fiberoptic scope

Front 157

radiology

Back 157

study of internal body structures after exposing to ionizing radiation

Front 158

ankylosis

Back 158

loss of joint motility caused by diease, injury, or surgery

Front 159

arthralgia

Back 159

joint pain

Front 160

arthritis

Back 160

inflammatory condition of joints

Front 161

arthrodynia

Back 161

joint pain

Front 162

arthropathy

Back 162

joint disease

Front 163

bursitis

Back 163

inflammation of the bursa

Front 164

chondromalacia

Back 164

abnormal cartilage softening

Front 165

chrondopathy

Back 165

cartilage disease

Front 166

discospondylitits

Back 166

inflammation of the intervertebral disc and vertebrae

Front 167

exostosis

Back 167

benign growth on the bone surface

Front 168

gouty arthritis or gout

Back 168

joint inflammation associated with the formation of uric acid cyrstals in the joint.

Front 169

hip dysplasia

Back 169

abnormal development of the pelvic joint causing the head of the femur and the acetabulum not to be aligned properly.

Front 170

kyphosis

Back 170

dorsal curvature of the spine; hunchback

Front 171

Legg-Calve-Perthes disease

Back 171

idiopathic necrosis of the femoral head and neck of small breed dogs. also called avascular necrosis of the femoral head and neck

Front 172

lordosis

Back 172

position in which the vertebral column is abnormally curved ventrally

Front 173

luxation

Back 173

dislocation or displacement of bone from its joint

Front 174

myeloma

Back 174

tumor composed of cells derived from hematopoietic tissues of bone marrow

Front 175

ostealgia

Back 175

bone pain

Front 176

osteitis

Back 176

inflammation of bone

Front 177

osteoarthritis

Back 177

degenerative joint disease

Front 178

osteochondrosis

Back 178

degeneration or necrosis of bone and cartilage followed by regeneration or recalcification

Front 179

osteochrondrosis dissecans

Back 179

degeneration or necrosis of bone and cartilage followed by regneration or recalcification with dissecting flap of articular cartilage and some inflammatory joint changes

Front 180

joint mice or osteophytes

Back 180

detached pices of articular cartilage

Front 181

osteomalacia

Back 181

abnormal softening of bone

Front 182

osteomyelitis

Back 182

inflammation of bone and bone marrow

Front 183

osteoporosis

Back 183

abdormal condition of marked loss of bone density and an increase in bone porosity

Front 184

osteosclerosis

Back 184

abnormal harding of bone

Front 185

periostitis

Back 185

inflammation of the fibrous tissue that forms the outermost covering bone

Front 186

sequestrum

Back 186

piece of dead bone that is partially or fully detached from the adjacent healthy bone

Front 187

combining form for muscle

Back 187

my/o

Front 188

combining form for fibrous tissue

Back 188

fibr/o
fibros/o

Front 189

fascia

Back 189

a sheet of fibrous connective tissue that covers, supports, and separates muscles.

Front 190

fascia combining forms

Back 190

fasci/o
fasc/i