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370 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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arthr
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joint
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hepat
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liver
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ven
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vein
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oste
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bone
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intra-
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within
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sub-
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under
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-itis
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inflammation
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-ic
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pertaining to
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-ous
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pertaining to
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-pathy
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disease
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basic unit of all living things
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cell
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forms boundary of the cell
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cell membrane
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gel-like fluid inside the cell
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cytoplasm
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largest structure in the cell, usually spherical and centrally located. Contains chromosomes for cellular reproduction and is control center of the cell.
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nucleus
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located in the nucleus of the cell. 46 in all normal humans with exception of mature sex cells, which have 23.
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chromosome
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regions within the chromosome; determines heredity characteristics
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genes
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comprises each gene; chemical that regulates the activities of the cell
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DNA
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group of similar cells that performs a specific task
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tissue
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composed of cells that have a special ability to contract, usually producing movement
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muscle tissue
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found in the nerves, spinal cord, and brain. Responsible for coordinating and controlling body activities.
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nervous tissue
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connects, supports, penetrates, and encases various body structures.
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connective tissue
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Name 3 types of connective tissue
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adipose, osseous, blood
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the major covering of the external surface of the body; forms membranes that line body cavities and organs and is the major tissue in glands
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epithelial tissue
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two or more kinds of tissue that together perform special body functions.
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organ
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group of organs that work together to perform complex body functions, e.g. cardiovasular
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system
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space inside the skull containing the brain
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cranial cavity
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space inside the spinal conumn containing the spinal cord
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spinal cavity
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space containing the heart, lungs, aorta, esophagus, trachea, and bronchi
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thoracic (chest) cavity
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space containing the stomach, intestines, liver, gallbladder, pancreas, spleen, and ureters
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abdominal cavity
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thoracic, abdominal, and pelvic cavities
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ventral cavity
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cranial and spinal cavities
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dorsal cavity
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space containing the urinary bladder, certain reproductive organs, parts of the large intestine, and the rectum
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pelvic cavity
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both the pelvic and abdominal cavities
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abdomiopelvic cavity
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aden/o
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gland
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cyt/o
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cell
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epitheli/o
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epithelium
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fibr/o
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fiber
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hist/o
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tissue
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kary/o
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nucleus
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lip/o
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fat
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my/o
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muscle
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neur/o
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nerve
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organ/o
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organ
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sarc/o
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flesh; connective tissue
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system/o
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system
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viscer/o
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internal organs
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epi-
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upon
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thela
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nipple
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cancer/o
carcin/o |
cancer
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eti/o
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cause of (disease)
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gno/o
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knowledge
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iatr/o
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physician, medicine (also means treatment)
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lei/o
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smooth
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onc/o
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tumor, mass
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path/o
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disease
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rhadbd/o
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rod-shaped; striated
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somat/o
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body
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chlor/o
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green
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chrom/o
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color
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cyan/o
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blue
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erythr/o
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red
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leuk/o
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white
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melan/o
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black
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xanth/o
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yellow
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dia-
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through; complete
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dys-
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painful; abnormal, difficult, labored
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hyper-
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above, excessive
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hypo-
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below; incomplete, deficient
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meta-
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after; beyond, change
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neo-
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new
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pro-
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before
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-al, -ic, -ous
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pertaining to
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-cyte
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cell
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-gen
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substance or agent to produce or cause
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-genesis
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origin, cause
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-genic
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producing, originating, causing
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-logist
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one who studies and treats (specialist, physician)
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-logy
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study of
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-oid
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resembling
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-oma
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tumor, swelling
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-osis
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abnormal condition (means INCREASE when used with blood cell word roots)
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-pathy
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disease
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-plasis
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condition of formation, development, growth
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-plasm
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growth, substance, formation
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-sarcoma
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malignant tumor
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-sis
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state of
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-stasis
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control, stop, standing
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adenocarcinoma
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cancerous tumor composed of glandular tissue
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adenoma
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tumor composed of glandular tissue
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carcinoma
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cancerous tumor (malignant)
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chloroma
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tumor of green color (malignant, arising from myeloid tissue)
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epithelioma
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tumor composed of epithelium
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fibroma
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tumor composed of fiber (fibrous tissue)
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fibrosarcoma
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malignant tumor composed of fiber (fibrous tissue)
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leiomyoma
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tumor of smooth tissue (benign)
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leiomyosarcoma
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malignant tumor of smooth muscle
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lipoma
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tumor composed of fat (benign tumor)
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liposarcoma
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malignant tumor composed of fat
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melanocarcinoma
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cancerous black tumor (malignant)
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melanoma
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black tumor (primarily of the skin)
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myoma
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tumor comprised of muscle (benign)
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neoplasm
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new growth (of abnormal tissue or tumor)
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neuroma
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tumor composed of nerve (benign)
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rhabdomyoma
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tumor of striated muscle (benign)
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sarcoma
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tumor composed of connective tissue (such as bone or cartilage) (highly malignant)
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benign
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not malignant; nonrecurrent, favorable for recovery
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carcinoma in situ
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cancer in the early stage before invading surrounding tissue
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chemotherapy (chemo)
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treatment of cancer with drugs
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encapsulated
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enclosed in a capsule, as with benign tumors
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exacerbation
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increase in the severity of a disease or its symptoms
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idiopathic
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pertaining to disease of unknown origin
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inflammation
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response to injury or destruction of tissue characterized by redness, swelling, heat, and pain
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in vitro
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within a glass, observable within a test tube
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in vivo
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within the living body
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malignant
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tending to become progressively worse and to cause death, as in cancer
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radiation therapy (XRT)
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treatment of cancer with a radioactive substance, xray, or radiation (radiation oncology; radio therapy)
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idios
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one's own
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cancerous
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pertaining to cancer
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carcinogen
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substance that causes cancer
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cyanosis
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abnormal condition of blue (bluish discoloration of the skin caused by inadequate supply of oxygen in the blood)
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cytogenic
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producing cells
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cytoid
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resembling a cell
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cytology
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study of cells
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cytoplasm
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cell substance
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diagnosis (dx)
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state of complete knowledge (identifying a disease)
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dysplasia
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abnormal development
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epithelial
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pertaining to epithelium
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erythrocyte
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red blood cell
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erythrocytosis
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increase in the number of red blood cells
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etiology
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study of causes of diseases
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histology
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study of tissue
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hyperplasia
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excessive development (number of cells)
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hypoplasia
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incomplete development (of an organ or tissues)
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iatrogenic
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produced by a physician (the unexpected results from a treatment prescribed by a physician)
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iatrology
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study of medicine
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karyocyte
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cell with a nucleus
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karyoplasm
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substance of a nucleus
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leukocyte
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white blood cell
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leukocytosis
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increase in the number of white blood cells
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lipoid
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resembling fat
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metastasis
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beyond control (transfer of disease from one organ to another, as in the transfer of malignant tumors)
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myopathy
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disease of the muscle
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neopathy
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new disease
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neuroid
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resembling a nerve
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oncogenic
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causing tumors
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oncologist
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physician who studies and treats tumors
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oncology
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study of tumors
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pathogenic
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producing a disease
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pathologist
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physican who studies diseases (examines biopsies and performs autopsies to determine cause of disease or death)
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prognosis (px)
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state of before knowledge (prediction of the outcome of disease)
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somatic
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pertaining to the body
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somatogenic
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originating in the body
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somatopathy
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disease of the body
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somatoplasm
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body substance
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systemic
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pertaining to a body system or the body as a whole
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visceral
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pertaining to the internal organs
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xanthochromic
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pertaining to yellow color
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xanothosis
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abnormal condition of yellow (discoloration)
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abbreviation: Ca
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carcinoma
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abbreviation: chemo
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chemotherapy
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abbreviation: Dx
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diagnosis
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abbreviation: mets
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metastasis
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abbreviation: Px
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prognosis
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abbreviation: RBC
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red blood cells
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abbreviation: RXT
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radiation therapy
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abbreviation: WBC
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white blood cells
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anter/o
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front
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caud/o
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tail (downward)
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cephal/o
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head (upward)
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dist/o
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away (from the point of attachment of a body part)
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dors/o
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back
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infer/o
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below
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later/o
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side
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medi/o
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middle
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poster/o
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back, behind
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proxim/o
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near (the point of attachment of a body part)
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super/o
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above
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ventr/o
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belly (front)
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bi-
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two
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uni-
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one
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-ad
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toward
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-ior
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pertaining to
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anterior (ant)
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pertaining to the front
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posterior
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pertaining to the back
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inferior (inf)
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pertaining to below
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superior (sup)
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pertaining to above
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distal
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pertaining to away (from the point of attachment of a body part)
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proximal
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pertaining to near (to the point of attachment of a body part)
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dorsal
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pertaining to the back
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ventral
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pertaining to the belly
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caudal
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pertaining to the tail
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cephalic
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pertaining to the head
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anteroposterior
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pertaining to the front and to the back
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posteroanterior
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pertaining to the back and the front
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lateral
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pertaining to a side
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medial (med)
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pertaining to the middle
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unilateral
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pertaining to one side (only)
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bilaterial
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pertaining to two sides
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mediolateral
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pertaining to the middle and to the side
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mediad
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toward the middle
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cephalad
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toward the head
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frontal or coronal
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vertical field passing through the body from side to side, dividing the body into anterior and posterior portions
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sagittal
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vertical field running through the body from front to back, dividing the body into right and left sides
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midsagittal
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divides the body into right and left halves
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transverse
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horizontal field dividing the body into upper and lower portions
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umbilical region
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around the navel (umbilicus)
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epigastric region
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directly above the umbilical region
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hypogastric region
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deirectly below the umbilical region
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hypochondriac regions (2)
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to the right and left of the epigastric region
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lumbar regions (2)
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to the right and left of the umbilical region
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iliac regions (2)
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to the right and left of the hypogastric region
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abbreviation: ant
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anterior
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abbreviation: AP
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anteroposterior
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abbreviation: inf
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inferior
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abbreviation: lat
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lateral
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abbreviation: LLQ
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left lower quadrant
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abbreviation: LUQ
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left upper quadrant
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abbreviation: med
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medial
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abbreviation: PA
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posteroanterior
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abbreviation: RLQ
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right lower quadrant
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abbreviation: RUQ
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right upper quadrant
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abbreviation: sup
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superior
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epidermis
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outer layer of skin
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keratin
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horny, or conified, layer composed of protein. Contained in hair, skin, and nails.
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melanin
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color or pigmentation of the skin
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dermis
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inner layer of skin (true skin)
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sudoriferous glands
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tiny coiled tubular structures that emerge through pores on the skin's surface and secrete sweat
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sebaceous glands
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secrete sebum (oil) into the hair follicles whre the hair shafts pass through the dermis
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hair
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compressed, kernalized cells that arise from hair follicles; the sacs that enclose the hair fibers
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nails
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originate in the epidermis. Nails are found on the uppoer surface of the ends of the fingers and toes. The white area at the base of the nail is called the LUNULA or MOON.
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cutane/o, derm/o, dermat/o
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skin
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hidr/o
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sweat
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kerat/o
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horny tissue, hard (also refers to cornea of the eye)
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onych/o, ungu/o
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nail
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seb/o
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sebum (oil)
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trich/o
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hair
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aut/o
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self
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bi/o
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life
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coni/o
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dust
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crypt/o
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hidden
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heter/o
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other
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myc/o
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fungus
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necr/o
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death (cells, body)
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pachy/o
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thick
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rhytid/o
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wrinkles
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staphyi/o
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grapelike clusters
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strept/o
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twisted chain
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xer/o
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dry
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epi-
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on, upon, over
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intra-
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within
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para-
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beside, beyond, around
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per-
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through
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sub-
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under, below
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-a
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noun suffix, no meaning
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-coccus (-cocci)
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berry-shaped (form of bacterium)
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-ectomy
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excision or surgical removal
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-ia
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diseased or abnormal state, condition of
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-itis
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inflammation
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-malacia
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softening
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-opsy
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view of, viewing
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-phagia
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eating or swallowing
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-plasty
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surgical repair
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-rrhea
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flow; excessive discharge
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-tome
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instrument used to cut
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dermatitis
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inflammation of the skin
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dermatoconiosis
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abnormal condition of the skin caused by dust
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dermatofibroma
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fibrous tumor of the skin
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hidradenitis
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inflammation of a sweat gland
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leiodermia
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condition of smooth skin
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onychocryptosis
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abnormal condition of a hidden nail (ingrown nail)
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onychomalacia
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softening of the nails
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onychophagia
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eating the nails (nail biting)
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pachyderma
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thickening of the skin
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paronychia
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diseased state around the nail
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seborrhea
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excessive discharge of sebum
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trichomycosis
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abnormal condition of a fungus in the hair
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xeroderma
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dry skin
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abrasion
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scraping away of the skin by mechanical process or injury
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abscess
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localized collection of pus
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acne
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inflammatory disease of the skin involving the sebaceous glands and hair follicles
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actinic keratosis
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a precancerous skin condition of horny formation that results from excessive exposure to sunlight. It may evolve into a squamous cell carcinoma.
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basal cell carcinoma (BCC)
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epithelial turmor arising from the epidermis. Seldom metastasizes but invades local tissue. Common in individuals who have had excessive sun exposure.
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candidiasis
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an infection of the skin, mouth (thrush) caused by the yeast-type fungus CANDIDA ALBICANS. Candida is normally present in the mucous membranes; overgrowth causes an infection. Esophageal candidiasis is often seen in patients with AIDS.
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carbuncle
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skin infection composed of a cluster of boils caused by staphylococcal bateria
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cellulitis
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inflammation of the skin and subq tissue caused by infection, leading to redness, swelling, and fever
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contusion
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injury with no break in the skin, characterized by pain, swelling, and discolorization (bruise)
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eczema
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noninfectious, inflammatory skin disease characterized by redness, blisters, scabs, and itching
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fissure
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slit or cracklike sore in the skin
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furuncle
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painful skin node caused by staph bacteria in a hair follicle (boil)
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gangrene
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death of tissue caused by loss of blood supply followed by bacterial invasion
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herpes
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inflammatory skin disease caused by herpes virus characterized by small blisters in clusters. Herpes simplex: causes fever blisters. Herpes zoster (shingles): painful skin eruptions that follow nerves inflammed by the virus
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impetigo
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superficial skin infection characterized by pustules and caused by either staph or strep
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Kaposi sarcoma
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cancerous condition starting as purple or brown papules on the lower extremities that spreads through the skin to lymph nodes and internal organs. Seen w/ AIDS.
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laceration
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torn, ragged-edged wound
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lesion
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any visible change in tissue resulting from injury or disease. Broad term that includes sores, wounds, ulcers, and tumors.
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pediculosis
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invasion into hair and skin by lice
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psoriasis
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chronic skin condition producing red lesions covered with silvery scales
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scabies
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skin infection caused the the itch mite characterized by papule eruptions that are caused by the female burrowing in the outer layer of the skin and laying eggs. Severe itching.
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scleroderma
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disease characterized by chronic hardening (induration) of the connective tissue of t he skin and other body organs
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shingles
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development of painful, inflammed blisters that follow the nerve routes. Caused by the same virus that causes chickenpox (herpes zoster)
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squamous cell carcinoma
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malignant growth that develops from scale-like epithelial tissue. On the skin it appears as a firm, red, painless bump. The most frequent cause is chronic exposure to sunlight.
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systemic lupus erthyematosus
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chronic inflammatory disease involving the skin, joints, kidneys, and nervous system. Autoimmune disease characterized by periods of remission and exacerbations. May also affect other organs.
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tinea
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fungus infection of the skin (ringworm)
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urticaria
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an itching skin eruption composed of wheals of varying sizes and shapes. Usually related to an allergy (hives).
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biopsy (bx)
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removal of living tissue from the body to be viewed under the microscope
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dermatoautoplasty
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surgical repair of one's own skin (autograft)
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dermatoheteroplasty
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surgical repair of skin from others
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dermatoplasty
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surgical repair of the skin
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onychectomy
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excision of a nail
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rhytidectomy
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excision of wrinkles (facelift)
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rhytidoplasty
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surgical repair of wrinkles
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abbreviation: BCC
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Basal cell carcinoma
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abbreviation: bx
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biopsy
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abbreviation: CMV
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cytomegalovirus
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abbreviation: SLE
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systemic lupus erythematosus
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abbreviation: SqCCA
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squamous cell carcinoma
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abbreviation: staph
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staphylococcus
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abbreviation: strep
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streptococcus
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abbreviation: subQ
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subcutaneous
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dermatologist
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physician who studies and treats skin diseases
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dermatology
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study of skin
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dermatome
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instrument used to cut skin
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epidermal
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pertaining to upon the skin
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erythoderma
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red skin
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hypodermic
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pertaining to under the skin
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intradermal
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pertaining to within the skin
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keratogenic
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originating in horny tissue
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leukoderma
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white skin
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necrosis
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abnormal condition of death
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percutaneous
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pertaining to through the skin
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staphlococcus
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berry-shaped bacteria in grapelike clusters
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streptococcus
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berry-shaped bacteria in twisted chains
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subcutaneous
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pertaining to under the skin
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ungual
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pertaining to the nail
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xanthoderma
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yellow skin
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adipose
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fat, fatty
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albino
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pigment deficiency
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allergy
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hypersensitivity to a substance
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alopecia
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loss of hair
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cicatrix
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scar
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cyst
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a closed sac containing fluid or semisolid material
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cytomegalovirus
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herpes-type virus that usually causes disease when the immune system is compromised
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debridement
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removal of contaminated or dead tissue and foreign matter from an open wound
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dermabrasion
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remove skin scars with abrasive material such as sandpaper
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diaphoresis
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profuse sweating
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ecchymosis
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escape of blood into the tissues causing superficial discoloration (black and blue mark)
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edema
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puffy swelling of tissue from the accumulation of fluid
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emollient
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agent that smoothes or softens the skin
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erythema
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redness
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induration
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abnormal hard spots
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juandice
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yellow tinge to the skin
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keloid
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overgrowth of scar tissue
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leukoplakia
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white spots or patches on mocous membrane; may be precancerous
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macule
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flat colored spot on the skin
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nevus
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circumscribed malformation of the skin, usually brown, black, or flesh colored (e.g. birthmark)
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nodule
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small knotlike mass that can be felt by touch
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pallor
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paleness
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papule
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small solid skin elevation (pimple)
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petechia
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pinpoint skin hemorrhages
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pruritis
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severe itching
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purpura
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hemorrhages into the tissue giving skin purple-red discoloration
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pustule
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elevation of skin containing pus
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ulcer
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eroded sore on the skin or mucous membrane
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verruca
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circumscribed cutaneous elevation caused by a virus
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vesicle
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small elevation of the epidermis containing liquid (blister)
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virus
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an infectious agent
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wheal
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transitory itchy elevation of the skin with a white center and a red surrounding area; a wheal is an individual urticaria (hive) lesion
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decubitus ulcer
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bed sore
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