Med Term Quiz #5

Front 1

carbon dioxide

Back 1

tasteless, colorless, odorless gas produced by the body cells during the metabolic process

Front 2

cartilage

Back 2

tough, elastic connective tissue that is more rigid than ligaments but less dense than bone

Front 3

cilia

Back 3

any hairlike structures

Front 4

diffuse

Back 4

moving or spreading out of a substance at random, rather than by chemical reaction or application of external forces

Front 5

homeostasis

Back 5

state in which regulatory mechanisms of the body maintain a constant internal environment despite changes in the external environment

Front 6

mucous membrane

Back 6

moist tissue layer lining hollow organs and cavities of the body that open to the environment

Front 7

septum

Back 7

wall dividing two cavities, such as the nasal septum, which separates two nostrils

Front 8

serous membrane

Back 8

thin layer of tissue that covers internal body cavities, the cells of which secrete a fluid that keeps the membrane moist; also called serosa

Front 9

sinusotomy

Back 9

incision of any of the sinuses

Front 10

adenoidectomy

Back 10

excision of adenoids

Front 11

peritonsillar

Back 11

pertaining to (the area) around the tonsils

Front 12

pharyngoscope

Back 12

instrument for examining the pharynx

Front 13

larynx

Back 13

voice box

Front 14

laryngoplegia

Back 14

paralysis of the (vocal cords and) larynx

Front 15

tracheoplasty

Back 15

surgical repair of the trachea

Front 16

bronchiectasis

Back 16

dilation of one or more bronchi

Front 17

-ectasis

Back 17

dilation, expansion

Front 18

pleurocentesis

Back 18

surgical puncture of the pleural cavity

Front 19

pneumectomy

Back 19

excision of all or part of a lung

Front 20

pneumonia

Back 20

condition of inflammation of the lungs

Front 21

anthracosis

Back 21

abnormal condition of coal dust (in the lungs)

Front 22

antrac/o

Back 22

coal, coal dust

Front 23

atel/o

Back 23

incomplete; imperfect

Front 24

coni/o

Back 24

dust

Front 25

orth/o

Back 25

straight

Front 26

steth/o

Back 26

chest

Front 27

pneumoconiosis

Back 27

condition of dust in the lungs

Front 28

cyanosis

Back 28

abnormal condition of blueness

Front 29

lobectomy

Back 29

excision of a lobe

Front 30

orthopnea

Back 30

breathing in a straight or upright position

Front 31

oximeter

Back 31

instrument used for measuring oxygen

Front 32

pectoralgia

Back 32

pain in the chest

Front 33

thoracopathy

Back 33

disease of the chest

Front 34

phrenospasm

Back 34

involuntary contraction of the diaphragm

Front 35

spirometer

Back 35

instrument used for measuring breathing

Front 36

-capnia

Back 36

carbon dioxide

Front 37

-osmia

Back 37

smell

Front 38

-phonia

Back 38

voice

Front 39

-pnea

Back 39

breathing

Front 40

-ptysis

Back 40

spitting

Front 41

brady-

Back 41

slow

Front 42

dys-

Back 42

painful, difficult, bad

Front 43

tachy-

Back 43

rapid

Front 44

hypercapnia

Back 44

excessive carbon dioxide

Front 45

asosmia

Back 45

without smell

Front 46

dysphonia

Back 46

bad (impaired) voice quality

Front 47

apnea

Back 47

not breathing

Front 48

hemoptysis

Back 48

coughing up or spitting of blood

Front 49

pyothorax

Back 49

pus in chest (cavity); also called empyema

Front 50

bradypnea

Back 50

slow breathing

Front 51

dyspnea

Back 51

difficulty breathing

Front 52

eupnea

Back 52

normal breathing

Front 53

tachypnea

Back 53

rapid breathing

Front 54

asphyxia

Back 54

condition caused by insufficient intake of oxygen

Front 55

-sphyxia

Back 55

pulse

Front 56

atelectasis

Back 56

collapsed or airless state of the lung, which may be acute or chronic and affect all or part of a lung

Front 57

cheyne-Stokes respiration

Back 57

repeated breathing pattern characterized by fluctuation in the depth of respiration, first deeply, then shallow, then not at all

Front 58

compliance

Back 58

ease of which lung tissue can be stretched

Front 59

coryza

Back 59

head cold; URI

Front 60

crackle

Back 60

abnormal respiratory sound heard on auscultation, caused by exudates, spasms, hyperplasia, or when air enters moisture-filled alveoli; also called rale

Front 61

croup

Back 61

common childhood condition involving inflammation of the larynx, trachea, bronchi passages, and sometimes, lungs

Front 62

deviated nasal septum

Back 62

displacement of cartilage dividing the nostrils

Front 63

epiglottitis

Back 63

severe, life threatening infection of the epiglottis and supraglottic structures that occurs most frequently in children 2-12 yrs old

Front 64

epistaxis

Back 64

nosebleed, nasal hemorrhage

Front 65

finger clubbing

Back 65

enlargement of the terminal phalanges of the fingers and toes, commonly associated with pulmonary disease

Front 66

hypoxemia

Back 66

deficiency of oxygen in the blood

Front 67

hypoxia

Back 67

deficiency of oxygen in tissue

Front 68

pertussis

Back 68

acute infectious disease characterized by a cough that has a "whoop" sound

Front 69

pleurisy

Back 69

inflammation of the pleural membrane characterized by a stabbing pain that is intensified by coughing or deep breathing; also called pleuritis

Front 70

pulmonary edema

Back 70

accumulation of extravascular fluid in lung tissues and alveoli, caused most commonly by heart failure

Front 71

pulmonary embolus

Back 71

blockage in an artery of the lungs caused by a mass undissolved mass

Front 72

embol

Back 72

plug

Front 73

stridor

Back 73

high-pitched, harsh, adventitious breath sound caused by a spasm or swelling of the larynx or an obstruction in the upper airway

Front 74

sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS)

Back 74

completely unexpected and unexplained death of an apparently normal, healthy infant, less than 12 months of age; also called crib death

Front 75

wheeze

Back 75

whistling or sighing sound heard on auscultation that results from narrowing of the lumen of the respiratory passageway

Front 76

rhonchus

Back 76

abnormal breath sound heard on auscultation

Front 77

Mantoux test

Back 77

intradermal test to determine tuberculin sensitivity based on a positive reaction where the area around the test site becomes red and swollen

Front 78

oximetry

Back 78

noninvasive method of monitoring the percentage of hemoglobin (Hb) saturated with oxygen

Front 79

polysomnography

Back 79

test of sleep cycles and stages using continuous recordings of brain waves, electrical activity of muscles, eye movement, respiratory rate, blood pressure, blood oxygen saturation, heart rhythm

Front 80

pulmonary function tests (PFTs)

Back 80

multiple tests used to evaluate the ability of the lungs to take in and expel air as well as perform gas exchange across the alveolocapillary membrane

Front 81

spirometry

Back 81

measurement of ventilatory ability by assessing lung capacity and flow, including the time necessary for exhaling the total volume of inhaled air

Front 82

mediastin/o

Back 82

mediastinum (including heart, trachea, esophagus, bronchus, thymus, and lymph nodes)

Front 83

aerosol therapy

Back 83

lung treatment using various techniques to deliver medication in mist form directly to the lungs or air passageways; techniques include nebulizers, meter-dose inhalers (MDIs), and dry powder inhalers (DPIs)

Front 84

arterial blood gas (ABG)

Back 84

test that measures partial pressure of oxygen, carbon dioxide, pH, and bicarbonate level of an arterial blood sample

Front 85

sputum culture

Back 85

microbial test used to identify disease-causing organisms of the lower respiratory tract, especially those that cause pneumonias

Front 86

sweat test

Back 86

measurement of the amount of salt in sweat

Front 87

throat culture

Back 87

test used to identify pathogens, especially group A streptococci

Front 88

lavage

Back 88

irrigating or washing out of an organ, stomach, bladder, bowel, or body cavity with a stream of water or other fluid

Front 89

antral

Back 89

irrigation of antrum (maxiallary sinus) in chronic or nonresponsive sinusitis

Front 90

postural drainage

Back 90

positioning a patient so that gravity aids in the drainage of secretions from the bronchi and lobes of the lungs

Front 91

pleurectomy

Back 91

excision of part of the pleura, usually parietal

Front 92

septoplasty

Back 92

surgical repair of a deviated nasal septum usually performed when the septum is encroaching on the breathing passages or nasal structures

Front 93

tracheostomy

Back 93

surgical procedure in which an opening is made in the neck and into the trachea into which a breathing tube may be inserted

Front 94

antihistamines action and drug name

Back 94

block histamines from binding with histamine receptor sites in tissues

fexofenadin (Allegra), loratadine (Claritin)

Front 95

antitussives action and drug name

Back 95

relieve or suppress coughing by blocking the cough reflex in the medulla of the brain

hydrocodone, dextromethorphan

Front 96

bronchodilators action and drug name

Back 96

stimulate bronchial muscles to relax, thereby expanding air passages, resulting in increased air flow

albuterol, salmeterol

Front 97

corticosteroids action and drug name

Back 97

act on the immune system by blocking production of substances that trigger allergic and inflammatory actions

beclomethasone dipropionate, triamcinolone

Front 98

decongestants action and drug name

Back 98

constrict blood vessels of the nasal passages and limit blood flow, which causes swollen tissues to shrink so that air can pass more freely through the passageways

oxymetazoline, pseudoephedrine

Front 99

expectorants action and drug name

Back 99

liquify respiratory secretions so that they are more easily dislodged during coughing episodes

guaifenesin

Front 100

leaflet

Back 100

thin, flattened structure; term used to describe the leaf-shaped structures that compose a heart valve

Front 101

lumen

Back 101

tubular space or channel within any organ or structure of the body; space within an artery, vein, intestine, or tube

Front 102

regurgitation

Back 102

backflow or ejecting of contents through an opening

Front 103

sphincter

Back 103

circular muscle found in a tubular structure or hollow organ that constricts or dilates to regulate passage of substances through its opening

Front 104

vasoconstriction

Back 104

narrowing of the lumen of a blood vessel that limits blood flow, usually as a result of diseases, medications, or physiological processes

Front 105

vasodilation

Back 105

widening of the lumen of a blood vessel caused by the relaxing of the muscles of the vascular walls

Front 106

viscosity

Back 106

state of being sticky or gummy

Front 107

aneurysm/o

Back 107

widened blood vessel

Front 108

aneurysmorrhaphy

Back 108

suture of an aneurysm

Front 109

vascul/o

Back 109

vessel

Front 110

aortostenosis

Back 110

narrowing of the aorta

Front 111

arteriorrhexis

Back 111

rupture of an artery

Front 112

atheroma

Back 112

tumor of fatty plaque

Front 113

hemangioma

Back 113

tumor of blood vessels

Front 114

myocardial

Back 114

pertaining to the heart muscle

Front 115

phleb/o

Back 115

vein

Front 116

phlebectasis

Back 116

expansion of a vein

Front 117

venostasis

Back 117

standing still of (blood in a) vein

Front 118

arteriosclerosis

Back 118

abnormal condition of hardening of the artery

Front 119

septostomy

Back 119

forming of an opening in a septum

Front 120

sphygm/o

Back 120

pulse

Front 121

sphygmoid

Back 121

resembling a pulse

Front 122

sten/o

Back 122

narrowing, stricture

Front 123

stenotic

Back 123

pertaining to a narrowing or stricture

Front 124

thrombolysis

Back 124

destruction of a blood clot

Front 125

ventricular

Back 125

pertaining to a ventricle (chamber of the heart or brain)

Front 126

angi/o

Back 126

vessel

Front 127

transseptal

Back 127

across the septum

Front 128

aneurysm

Back 128

localized abnormal dilation of a vessel, usually an artery

Front 129

arrest

Back 129

condition of being stopped or bringing to a stop

Front 130

arrhythmia

Back 130

inability of the heart to maintain a normal sinus rhythm, possibly including a rapid or slow beat or "skipping" a beat; also called dysrhythmia

Front 131

bruit

Back 131

soft blowing sound heard on auscultation, possibly due to vibrations associated with the movement of blood, valvular action or both; also called a murmur

Front 132

cardiomyopathy

Back 132

any disease or weakening of heart muscle that diminishes cardiac function

Front 133

catheter

Back 133

thin, flexible, hollow plastic tube that is small enough to be threaded through a vein, artery, or tubular structure

Front 134

coarctation

Back 134

narrowing of a blood vessel, especially the aorta

Front 135

deep vein thrombosis (DVT)

Back 135

blood clot that forms in the deep veins of the body, especially those in the legs or thighs

Front 136

ejection fraction (EF)

Back 136

calculation of how much blood a ventricle can eject with one contraction

Front 137

heart failure

Back 137

failure of heart to supply an adequate amount of blood to tissues and organs

Front 138

embolus

Back 138

mass of undissolved matter circulating in the blood or lymphatic channels until it becomes lodged in a vessel

Front 139

fibrillation

Back 139

quivering or spontaneous muscle contractions, especially of the heart, causing ineffectual contractions

Front 140

hemostasis

Back 140

arrest of bleeding or circulation

Front 141

hyperlipidemia

Back 141

excessive amount of lipids in the blood

Front 142

hypertension

Back 142

common disorder characterized by elevated blood pressure persistently exceeding 140mm Hg systolic or 90mm Hg diastolic

Front 143

primary hypertension

Back 143

HTN in which there is not identifiable cause; also called essential hypertension

Front 144

secondary hypertension

Back 144

HTN that results from an underlying, identifiable, commonly correctable cause

Front 145

hypertensive heart disease

Back 145

any heart disorder caused by prolonged hypertension, including left ventricular hypertrophy, coronary artery disease, cardiac arrhythmias, and heart failure

Front 146

implantable cardioverter-defibrillator

Back 146

implantable battery-powered device that monitors and automatically corrects ventricular tachycardia or fibrillation by sending electrical impulses to the heart

Front 147

infarct

Back 147

area of tissue that undergoes necrosis following cessation of blood supply

Front 148

ischemia

Back 148

local and temporary deficiency of blood supply due to circulatory obstruction

Front 149

mitral valve prolapse

Back 149

common and occasionally serious condition in which the leaflets of the mitral valve prolapse into the left atrium during systole causing a characteristic murmur heard on auscultation

Front 150

radioisotope

Back 150

chemical radioactive material used as a tracer to follow a substance through the body or structure

Front 151

palpitation

Back 151

sensation that the heart is not beating normally, possibly including "thumping" or "fluttering"

Front 152

patent ductus arteriosus

Back 152

failure of the ductus arteriosus to close after birth, allowing blood to flow from the aorta into the pulmonary (lung) artery

Front 153

perfusion

Back 153

circulation of blood through tissue or the passage of fluids through vessels of an organ

Front 154

tetralogy of Fallot

Back 154

congenital anomaly consisting of four elements:
1. pulmonary artery stenosis
2. interventricular septal defect
3. transposition of the aorta, so that both ventricles empty into aorta
4. right ventricular hypertrophy caused by increased workload of the right ventricle

Front 155

stent

Back 155

slender or threadlike device used to hold open vessels, tubes, or obstructed arteries

Front 156

thrombus

Back 156

blood clot that obstructs a vessel

Front 157

cardiac catheterization

Back 157

passage of catheter into the heart through a vein or artery to provide a comprehensive evaluation of the heart

Front 158

Holter monitor test

Back 158

ECG taken with a small portable recording system capable of storing up to 24 hours of ECG tracings

Front 159

cardiac enzyme studies

Back 159

blood test that measures troponin T, troponin I, and creatine kinase

Front 160

lipid panel

Back 160

series of test (cholesterol, lipoprotein, triglyceride) used to assess risk factors of ischemic heart disease

Front 161

multiple-gated acquisition

Back 161

nuclear procedure that uses radioactive tracers to produce movie-like images of the structures of the heart, including myocardium and the mitral tricuspid valve

Front 162

cardioversion

Back 162

procedure to restore normal rhythm of the heart by applying a controlled electrical shock to the exterior of the chest

Front 163

embolization

Back 163

technique used to block blood flow to a site by passing a catheter to the area and injecting synthetic material or medication used to occlude the blood vessel

Front 164

sclerotherapy

Back 164

injection of a chemical irritant into a vein to produce inflammation and fibrosis that destroys the lumen of the vein

Front 165

angioplasty

Back 165

procedure that alters a vessel through surgery or dilation of the vessel using a balloon catheter

Front 166

ather-

Back 166

fatty plaque

Front 167

catheter ablation

Back 167

destruction of conduction tissue of the heart to interrupt the abnormal condition pathway causing arrhythmia, thus allowing normal heart rhythm to resume

Front 168

commissurotomy

Back 168

surgical separation of the leaflets of the mitral valve, which have fused together at their "commisures" (points of touching)

Front 169

laser ablation

Back 169

procedure used to remove or treat varicose veins

Front 170

ligation and stripping

Back 170

tying a varicose vein (ligation) followed by removal (stripping) of the affected segment

Front 171

pericardiocentesis

Back 171

puncturing of the pericardium to remove excess fluid from the pericardial sac or to test for protein, sugar, and enzymes or determine the causative organism of pericarditis

Front 172

angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors therapeutic action and drug names

Back 172

lower blood pressure by inhibiting the conversion of angiotensin I to angiotensin II

Benazepril

Front 173

antiarrhymics therapeutic action and drug names

Back 173

prevent, alleviate, or correct cardiac arrhythmias (dysrhythmias) by stabilizing the electrical conduction of the heart

Flecainide

Front 174

beta-blockers therapeutic action and drug names

Back 174

block the effect of adrenaline on beta receptors, which slow nerve pulses that pass through the heart, thereby decreasing heart rate and contractility

Atenolol, Metoprolol

Front 175

calcium channel blockers therapeutic action and drug names

Back 175

block movement of calcium into myocardial cells and arterial walls, causing heart rate and blood pressure to decrease

Amlodipine, Diltiazem, Nifedipine

Front 176

diuretics therapeutic action and drug names

Back 176

act on kidney to increase excretion of water and sodium

Furosemide

Front 177

nitrates therapeutic action and drug names

Back 177

dilate blood vessels of the heart, causing an increase in the amount of oxygen delivered to the myocardium, and decrease venous return and arterial resistance, which decreases myocardial oxygen demand and relieves angina

Nitroglycerin

Front 178

peripheral vasodilators therapeutic action and drug names

Back 178

peripheral vasodilators treat peripheral vascular disease, diabetic peripheral insufficiency, and Raynaud disease

Cyclandelate, Isoxsuprine

Front 179

statins therapeutic action and drug names

Back 179

lower cholesterol in the blood and reduce its production in the liver by blocking the enzyme that produces it

Atovastatin, Simvastatin