Reading...
Play button
Play button
Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
437 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
respiration
|
mechanical exchange of air between the lungs and the external environment
|
|
|
external respiration
|
exchange of air at the lungs
|
|
|
internal (cellular ) respiration
|
involves exchange of gases at he level of the cells within all cells of the body
|
|
|
tonsils or pharyngeal tonsils
|
collections of lymphatic tissue
|
|
|
epiglottis
|
a flap of cartilige attatched to the root of the tounge, prevents chokingor aspiration of food
|
|
|
adenoids
|
lymphatic tissue in the nasopharynx, pharengeal tonsils
|
|
|
alveolus
|
(PLURAL) alveoli, air sac in the lung
|
|
|
apex of the lung
|
tip or uppermost part of the lung
|
|
|
base of the lung
|
bottom of the lung
|
|
|
bronchioles
|
smallest branches of the bronchi, terminal bronchioles lead to the alveolar ducts
|
|
|
bronchus
|
plural- bronchi. branch of the trachea (windpipe) that is passage way to the lung
|
|
|
cilia
|
thin hairs attatched to the mucus membrane epithelium lining the resp tract. they clear bacteria and forigen substances from the lung
|
|
|
diaphragm
|
musscle separating th echest and abdomen. contracts and relaxes to make breathing possible
|
|
|
epiglottis
|
id- like peice of cartilage that covers the larynx, preenting food from entering the larynx adn trachea during swallowing
|
|
|
expiration
|
breating out (exhalation)
|
|
|
hilum (of the lung)
|
midline region whre rthe bronchi, blood vessels, and nerves enter adn exit the lungs
|
|
|
inspiration
|
inhalation (breathing in)
|
|
|
larynx
|
voice box- containing the vocal cords
|
|
|
lobe
|
division of a lung
|
|
|
mediastinum
|
region between the lungs in chest cavity, contains the trachea, heart, aorta, esophagus, and bronchial tubes
|
|
|
palantine tonsil
|
one pair of almond shaped lymphatic tissue in the oropharynx (palantine- refers to roof of the mouth
|
|
|
parietal pleura
|
puter fold of the pleura laying closer to the ribs and chest wall
|
|
|
pharynx
|
throat, including naso pharynx, oropharynx and laryngopharynx
|
|
|
pleura
|
double folded membrane surrounding each lung
|
|
|
pleural cavity
|
space beetween the folds of the lung
|
|
|
respiration
|
process of m oving air into and out of the lungs
|
|
|
visceral pleura
|
the inner fold of the pleura lying closest to the lungs
|
|
|
adenoid/o
|
adenoids
|
|
|
alvel/o
|
alveolus, air sac
|
|
|
bronch/o
bronchi/o |
bronchial tube, bronchus
|
|
|
bronchiol/o
|
bronchiole , small bronchus
|
|
|
capn/o
|
carbon dioxide
|
|
|
coni/o
|
dust
|
|
|
cyan/o
|
blue
|
|
|
epiglott/o
|
epiglottis
|
|
|
laryng/o
|
larynx, voice box
|
|
|
lob/o
|
lobe of the lung
|
|
|
mediastin/o
|
mediastinum
|
|
|
nas/o
|
nose
|
|
|
orth/o
|
straight, upright
|
|
|
lobectomy
|
removal of an entire lobe of a lung
|
|
|
pneumonectomy
|
removal of an entire lung
|
|
|
ox/o
|
oxygen
|
|
|
pector/o
|
chest
|
|
|
pharyng/o
|
pharynx/ throat
|
|
|
phon/o
|
voice
|
|
|
phren/o
|
diaphragm
|
|
|
pleur/o
|
pleura
|
|
|
pnuem/o
pneumon/o |
air, lung
|
|
|
plumon/o
|
lung
|
|
|
rhin/o
|
nose
|
|
|
sinus/o
|
sinus, cavity
|
|
|
spir/o
|
breathing
|
|
|
tel/o
|
complete
|
|
|
thorac/o
|
chest
|
|
|
tonsill/o
|
tonsils
|
|
|
trache/o
|
trachea, windpipe
|
|
|
atelcatasis
|
collapsed lung
|
|
|
-ema
|
condition
|
|
|
empyema
|
condition of puss in the lungs
|
|
|
-osmia
|
smell (anosmia- no smell)
|
|
|
-pnea
|
breating (apnea- no breatihng)
|
|
|
-ptysis
|
spitting (hemoptysis- spitting blood)
|
|
|
-sphyxia
|
pulse ( asphyxia- lack of pulse)
|
|
|
-thorax
|
pleural cavity, chest
(hemo thorax- blood in the chest) |
|
|
auscultation
|
listening to sounds w/in the body
|
|
|
percussion
|
tapping on the surface to determine the difference in density of the underlying structure
|
|
|
rales (crackels)
|
fine crackeling sound heard on auscultaion (during inhalation) whe there is fluid in the alveoli
|
|
|
rhonchi
|
(singular rhonchus)
loud rummbeling sounds heard on ausculatation of bronchi obstructed by sputum |
|
|
sputum
|
materila expelled from the bronchi, lungs , or upper respiratoyr tract bu spitting
|
|
|
purulent
|
( containing pus) ofter green or brown, results with infection, may be seen with asthma
|
|
|
stridor
|
strained, high-pitched sound heard on inspiration caused by obstruction in the pharynx or larynx
|
|
|
wheezes
|
continuous high-pitched whisteling sounds produced during breating
|
|
|
croup
|
acute viral infection of infants and children with the obstruction of the larynx, barking cough, and stridor (upper resp)
|
|
|
diphtheria
|
accute infection of th ethroat and upper respiratory tract caused by the diphtheria bacterium
|
|
|
epistaxis
|
nose bleed
|
|
|
pertussis
|
whooping cough, highly contagious bacterial infection of th epharynx, larynx, and trachea caused by bordetella pertussis
|
|
|
paraoxymal
|
violent , sudden
|
|
|
asthma
|
chornic bronchial inflammatory disorder with airway obstruction due to bronchial edema and constriction and increases mucus production
|
|
|
bronchiectasis
|
chronic dilation of a bronchus secondary to infection
|
|
|
chronic bronchitis
|
inflamation of bronchi persisting over a long time, (CODP is on type)
|
|
|
cystic fibrosis (CF)
|
inherited disorder of exocrind galnds resulting in thick mucous secretions in the resp. track that dont drain normally
|
|
|
atelectasis
|
collapsed lung, incomplete expansion of the alveoli
|
|
|
emphysema
|
hyper inflation of air sacs with destruction of the alveolar walls
|
|
|
lung cancer
|
malignant tumor arisisng from the lungs and bronchi
|
|
|
pneumoconiosis
|
abnormal condition caused by dust in teh lungs, wiht chornic inflammatin, infection, and bronchitits
|
|
|
pneumonia
|
acute inflammatin and infectin of the alveoli ,, which fill with pus or products of the inflammatory reaction
|
|
|
pulmonary abcess
|
large collection of pus (bacterial infectin) in the lungs
|
|
|
pulmonary edema
|
fluid in the air sacs an bronchioles
|
|
|
pulmonary embolism (PE)
|
clot or other material lodges in vessels of the lung
|
|
|
pulmonary infarction
|
when lung tissue dies due to the clot.....
|
|
|
pulmonary fibrosis
|
form ation of scar tissue in the connective tissue of the lungs
|
|
|
tuberculosis (TB)
|
infectious disease caused by mycobacteriun tuberculosis; lungs usually are involved but any organ may be infected
|
|
|
pleural effusion
|
abnormal accumilation of fluid in the pleural space (cavity)
|
|
|
pleurisy (pleuritis)
|
inflammation of the pleura
|
|
|
pneumothorax
|
collection of air in the pleural space
|
|
|
chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
|
(COPD) persistant obstruction of air flow thru bronchial tubes, caused by smoking , air polution, chronic infection
|
|
|
exudate
|
fluid , cells, and other substances(pus) that filter from cells or capillaries ooze into lesions or areas fo inflammation
|
|
|
hydrothorax
|
collectin of fluid in the pleural cavity
|
|
|
pallative
|
releiving symptoms not curing the disease
|
|
|
chest x-ray
|
radiographic inace of the thoracic cavity (chest film)
|
|
|
computed topography scan of the chest
|
comptuer genereated series of x-ray images show thoracic structures
|
|
|
bronchoscopy
|
fiberoptic endoscope examination fo the bronchiole tubes
|
|
|
endotracheal intubation
|
placement of a tube through the mouth into the pharynx larynx and trachea to establish an airway
|
|
|
laryngoscopy
|
visual exam of the voice box
|
|
|
lung biopsy
|
removal of lung tissue followed by microscopic exam
|
|
|
mediastinoscopy
|
endoscopic visual examn of mediastinum
|
|
|
thoracentiesis
|
surgical puncture to remove fluid form the pleural space
|
|
|
thoracotomy
|
large surgical incision of the chest
|
|
|
thoracoscopy (thorascopy
|
visual examination of the chest via small incisions and use of an endoscope
|
|
|
tracheostomy
|
surgical creation of an opening into the trachea thru the neck
|
|
|
tube thoracostomy
|
chest tube passed thru an opening in the chest to continuosly drain a pleural effusion
|
|
|
ARDS
|
ACUTE RESPIRATORY DISTRESS SYNDROME
|
|
|
COPD
|
CHROINIC OBSTRUCTIVE PULMONARY DISEASE
|
|
|
CPR
|
CARDIOPULMONARY RESUSICTATION
|
|
|
C&S
|
CULTURE AND SENSITIVITY TESTING
|
|
|
CXR
|
CHEST X RAY
|
|
|
DOE
|
DYSPNEA ON EXERTION
|
|
|
DPT
|
DIPTHERIA, PERTUSIS, TETANUS ,,,IMMUNIZATIONS
|
|
|
ICU
|
INTENSIVE CARE UNIT
|
|
|
LLL
|
LEFT LOWER LOBE
|
|
|
LUL
|
LEFT UPPER LOBE
|
|
|
PE
|
PULMONARY EMBOLISM
|
|
|
PND
|
PAROXYMAL NOCTURNAL DYSPNEA
|
|
|
RDS
|
RESPIRATORY DISTRESS SYNDROME
|
|
|
LLL
|
LEFT LOWR LOBE
|
|
|
RUL
|
RIGHT UPPER LOBE
|
|
|
SOB
|
SHORTNESS OF BREATH
|
|
|
TB
|
TUBERCULOSIS
|
|
|
URI
|
UPPER RESPIRATORY INFECTION
|
|
|
bones
|
provide framework on which body is constructed and and support internal organsprotect
|
|
|
joints
|
point where bones come together
|
|
|
muscles
|
responsible for movement
|
|
|
oprthopedists
|
physicans who treat bone and joint diseases
|
|
|
rheumatologists
|
physicians who treat in joint problems
|
|
|
chiropractor
|
not dr but trained in manipulation of the spine and joints
|
|
|
DIAPHYSIS
|
SHAFT OR MIDDLE OF BONE
|
|
|
epiphysis
|
each end of a long bone
|
|
|
bone process
|
enlarged areas that extend out from bone to serve as attachments for muscles and tendons
|
|
|
bone head
|
rounded end of a bone separated from the body of the bone by a neck
|
|
|
greater trochanter
|
large process on the femur for attatchment of tendons and musscle
|
|
|
lesser trocanter
|
smaller process than the greater torchanter
|
|
|
tubercle
|
rounded process on many bones for attachment fo muscles and tendons
|
|
|
tuberosity
|
`another small rounded elevation on a bone
|
|
|
condyle
|
rounded knuckle-like process at the joint
|
|
|
fossa
|
shallow cavity in or on a bone
|
|
|
foramen
|
openig for blood vessels and nerves
|
|
|
fissure
|
narrow deep slit like opening
|
|
|
sinus
|
hollow cavity within a bone
|
|
|
frontal bone
|
forms the forhead and floor of sockets that hold the eyes
|
|
|
parietal bone
|
bones thta form the roof adn upper parts of the cranium
|
|
|
temporal bone
|
forms thelower sides and base of the skull
|
|
|
occipital bone
|
back and base of the skull
|
|
|
sphenoid bone
|
bat shapped bone extends behind the eyes and forms part fo the base of the skull
|
|
|
ethmoid bone
|
thin delicate bone supports the nasal cavity
|
|
|
nasal bones
|
two slender bones bridge of the nose
|
|
|
lacrimal bones
|
two bones near the corner of the eye
|
|
|
maxillary bone
|
compose the upperjaw
|
|
|
mandible bone
|
lower jaw
|
|
|
zygomatic bones
|
formthe high upper portion of the cheek
|
|
|
vomer
|
thin single flat bone that forms the lower portion of the nasal septum
|
|
|
ilim crest top portion, what for?
|
most poplular for bone grafts
|
|
|
cervicle vertebrae
|
C1- C7, bony aspect of the neck
|
|
|
thoracic vertebrae
|
t1-t12 articulate with the 12 pair of ribs
|
|
|
lumbar vertebrae
|
l1-l5 strongest/ largest of the back bones
|
|
|
coccyx
|
tail bone fused...
|
|
|
clavicle
|
collar bone
|
|
|
scapula (plural: scapulae
|
shoulder blade
|
|
|
acromion
|
extension of the scapula that joins withthe clavicle to form a joint
|
|
|
sternum
|
breast bone
|
|
|
xiphoid process
|
lowest part of the sternum
|
|
|
manubrium
|
upper most portion of the sternum
|
|
|
ribs
|
12 pr. ribs 1-7 are true pair, 8-10 are false and 11&12 are floating
|
|
|
humerus
|
upper arm bone
|
|
|
ulna
|
medial lower arm bone
|
|
|
radius
|
lateral lower arm bone (thumb side)
|
|
|
carpals
|
wrist bones
|
|
|
metacarples (meta- beyond)
|
5 bones of the palm of the hand
|
|
|
phalanges
|
singular- phalynx finger bones
|
|
|
pelvic girdle
|
pelvis
|
|
|
pubis
|
anter part of the pelvis
|
|
|
illium
|
upermost part of the pelvis
|
|
|
ischium
|
posteroir portion of the pelvis
|
|
|
femur
|
thigh bone
|
|
|
acetabulum
|
socket in pelvis for the femur
|
|
|
patella
|
knee cap
|
|
|
tibia
|
larger of the two bones of the lower leg inside
|
|
|
fibula
|
samller oor the two lower leg bones, outside of the ankle
|
|
|
tarsals
|
bones of the hind part of the foot
|
|
|
calcaneus
|
largest of the tarsals, makes up the heel bone
|
|
|
metatarsals
|
bones of the mid foot
|
|
|
phalanges of the toes
|
bones of the fore foot
|
|
|
cranium
|
skull
|
|
|
malleolus
|
ankle
|
|
|
oleocranon
|
elbow
|
|
|
vertebra
|
backbone/ spine
|
|
|
disc
|
flat roundplate like structure
|
|
|
facial bones
|
lacramial, mandibular, maxillary, nasal, volmer, and zygomatic
|
|
|
tempromandibular joint
|
connectoin between temporal bone mandible joint of th jaw
|
|
|
calc/o
|
calcium
|
|
|
kyph/o
|
humpback, hunch back posterior curvature inthe thoracic region
|
|
|
lamin/o
|
part of the vertebral arch
```````` |
|
|
lord/o
|
curve sway back, anterior curvature of the lumbar
(lordosis) |
|
|
lumb/o
|
loins/ lower back
(lumbar) |
|
|
meyl/o
|
bone marrow
|
|
|
orth/o
|
straight
|
|
|
oste/o
|
bone
|
|
|
scoli/o
|
crooked, bent (scoliosis_
|
|
|
spondyl/o
|
vertebra
|
|
|
vertebr/o
|
vertebra
|
|
|
-blast
|
embryonic or immature cell
|
|
|
-clast
|
to break
|
|
|
-listheis
|
slipping
|
|
|
-malacia
|
softening
|
|
|
-phsis
|
to grow
|
|
|
-porosis
|
pore, passage
|
|
|
-tome
|
instrument to cut
|
|
|
acetabul/o
|
acetabulum (hip socket)
|
|
|
calcane/o
|
calcaneus (heel)
|
|
|
carp/o
|
carples (wrist)
|
|
|
calvicul/o
|
clavicle (collar bone)
|
|
|
cost/o
|
ribs
|
|
|
crani/o
|
cranium (skull)
|
|
|
femor/o
|
femur (thigh bone)
|
|
|
fibul/o
|
fibula- thin lower leg
|
|
|
humer/o
|
humerus- upper arm bone
|
|
|
ili/o
|
ilium upperpart of the pelvic bone
|
|
|
ischi/o
|
ischium posterior part of the pelvic bone
|
|
|
malleol/o
|
malleolus ( processes on each side of the ankle
|
|
|
mandibul/o
|
mandible lower jaw bone
|
|
|
maxill/o
|
maxilla ( uper jawbone)
|
|
|
metacarp/o
|
metacarpals ( hand bones)
|
|
|
metatars/o
|
metatarsals (foot bones)
|
|
|
oleocran/o
|
oleocranon (elbow)
|
|
|
patell/o
|
patella ( knee cap)
|
|
|
pelv/i
|
pelvis ( hip bone)
|
|
|
perone/o
|
fibula
|
|
|
phalang/o
|
phalanges ( finger and or toe bones)
|
|
|
pub/o
|
pubis ( anterior part of the pelvic bone)
|
|
|
radi/o
|
radius
forearm bone (thumb side |
|
|
scapul/o
|
scapula ( shoulder blade)
|
|
|
stern/o
|
sternum (breast bone)
|
|
|
tibi/o
|
tibia (shin bone)
|
|
|
uln/o
|
unla (forearm bone) little finger side
|
|
|
ewing sarcoma
|
rare malignana tumor arising in bone ( children)
|
|
|
exotosis
|
bony growth (benign) arising form the surface of the bone
|
|
|
bunion
|
swelling of the metatarsophalangal joitn near the baseof the big toe
|
|
|
fracture Fx
|
traumatic breaking of a bone
|
|
|
close fracture
|
bone broken but no open wound to the skin
|
|
|
pathalogic fracture
|
aka (spontanious) break caused by disease
|
|
|
cerpitus
|
crackeling sound produced wehn ends of bones rub eacho ther or against roughened cartilage
|
|
|
coles fracture
|
occurs near the wrist joint or distal end of the radius
|
|
|
comminuted fracture
|
bone is splintered or crushed into several peices
|
|
|
compression fracture
|
bones collapse or is compressed (vertebea nostly)
|
|
|
green stick fracture
|
pone is partially broken ( breaks on one surface and only bend the other
|
|
|
impacted fracture
|
one fragment is driven firmly into the other
|
|
|
reduction
|
restoration of the bone to its normal positoin
|
|
|
closed reduction
|
manipulative repostioining ( no cut or incision)
|
|
|
open reduction
|
repostioning with an incision made
|
|
|
ORIF
|
open reduction internal fixation
often involves pins screws rods ect |
|
|
osetogenic sarcoma
|
comon malignant tumor arising from osteoblasts
|
|
|
osteomalacia
|
softening of the bone , with inadequate amounts of mineral in th bone (ca)
|
|
|
osteomyelitis
|
inflamation of the bone and bone marrow secondary to infection
|
|
|
osteoporosis
|
decrease in the bone density (mass_ thinning and weakening of bone
|
|
|
talipes
|
congential abnormality of the hindfoot ( involving the talus)
|
|
|
ligaments
|
thicken fibrous bands of connective tissye, anchor one bone to another
|
|
|
synovial membrane
|
lies under the joint capsule and lines the synovial cavity
|
|
|
synovial fluid
|
water and nuterients that nourish and lube the joints
|
|
|
bursae
|
sing. bursa. closed sacs of synovial fluid lined with a synovial membrane located near but not in a joint
|
|
|
articulation
|
any type of joint
|
|
|
synovial cavity
|
space between bones at a synovial jiont , contains synovial fluid .
|
|
|
ankyl/o
|
stiff
|
|
|
arthr/o
|
joint
|
|
|
articul/o
|
joint
|
|
|
burs/o
|
bursa
|
|
|
chondr/o
|
cartilage
|
|
|
ligament/o
|
ligament
|
|
|
rheumat/o
|
watery flow
|
|
|
ten/o
|
tendon
|
|
|
tendin/o
|
tendon
|
|
|
-desis
|
to bind, tie to gether
|
|
|
-stenosis
|
narrowing
|
|
|
arthritis
|
inflamation of the joints
|
|
|
ankylosing spondylitis
|
chronic progressive arthritit with stiffening of joints (mostly the spine)
|
|
|
gouty atrhritis (gout)
|
inflamation and painfil swelling of joints caused by excessive uric acid in th body
|
|
|
osteoarthritis (OA)
|
progressive degenerative joint disease with loss of articular cartilage and hyper trophy of bone ( bone spurs) at articular surfaces
|
|
|
rehumaiond arthritis (RA)
|
chronic joint condition with inflamation and pain , casued by an autoimmune reaction against joint tissue, particularly the synovial membrane
|
|
|
bunion
|
enlargement of bone or tissue around the joint at the base of big toe
|
|
|
carple tunnel syndrome(CTS)
|
compression of the median nerve as it passes between the ligamint and the b ones and tendons of the wrist
|
|
|
dislocation
|
displacement of a bone from its joint
|
|
|
ganglion
|
fluid filled cyst arising form joint of capsules or tendons typically in the hand
|
|
|
herniation of an intervetebral disc
|
abnormal protrusion of an intervtebral disc into the spinal canal of spinal nerves
|
|
|
lyme sdisease ( lyme arthritis)
|
disorder marke by arthritis, myalgia, and malaise, casue is a bacterium carried by a tick
|
|
|
sprain
|
trauma to a joint without rupture
|
|
|
systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE)
|
chronic inflammatory autoimune disease, involving joints, skin , kidneys, nervous system (CNS) ,heart and lungs
|
|
|
striated muscle
|
voluntary or skeletal muscles, moves all bones
|
|
|
smooth muscle
|
involuntary, or visceral muscles
|
|
|
cardiac muscle
|
striated in appearance but like smooth muscle in its action
heart muscle |
|
|
flexion
|
decreasing the angle between two bones, bending a limb
|
|
|
extension
|
increasing the angle betwen bones (straightening )
|
|
|
abduction
|
movement away form the midline of the body
|
|
|
adduction
|
movement toward the midline of the body
|
|
|
rotation
|
circular movements around an axis
|
|
|
dorsiflexation
|
decreasing the angle of the ankle joint so foot bendsup
|
|
|
plantar flexation
|
motion that extends the foot down point foot down.
|
|
|
supination (hand/feet)
|
act of turning plam up, or outwrad roll of foot during normal rotation
|
|
|
pronation (foot/hand)
|
act of turning palm down , foot inward roll
|
|
|
facia
|
fibrous membrane separation and enveloping muscles
|
|
|
instertion of a muscle
|
connection of the musscle to a bone that moves
|
|
|
fasci/o
|
facia (forms sheaths enveloping muscles
|
|
|
fibr/o
|
fubrous connectione tissue
|
|
|
leiomy/o
|
smooth muscle that lines the walls of internal orgasn
|
|
|
my/o
|
musscle
|
|
|
myocardi/0
|
heart muscle
|
|
|
myos/o
|
muscle
|
|
|
plant/o
|
sole of foot
|
|
|
rhabdomy/o
|
skeletal (straited) muscle connected to bones
|
|
|
sarc/o
|
muscle and flesh
|
|
|
-asthenia
|
lack of strength
|
|
|
-trophy
|
develipment, nourshment
|
|
|
ab-
|
away from
|
|
|
ad-
|
toward
|
|
|
dorsi-
|
back
|
|
|
poly-
|
many , mmuch
|
|
|
muscular dystrophy
|
group of diseases characterized by progressive weakness and degeneration, of muscle fibers, without involvement of the nervous system
|
|
|
arthrocentesis
|
surgical puncture to remove fluid from the joint space
|
|
|
arthrography
|
taking xrays after injection of contrast into a joint
|
|
|
arthroplasty
|
surgical replacement of a joint
|
|
|
arthroscopy
|
visual exman of a joint with an arthroscope and tv. camrea
|
|
|
bone scan
|
uptake of radioactive substance in measured in bone
|
|
|
electromyography
|
recording the strength of muscle contractoin as a result of electrical stimulation
|
|
|
Ca
|
calcium
|
|
|
CTS
|
CARPAL TUNNEL SYNDROME
|
|
|
DO
|
DR. OF OSTEOPATHY
|
|
|
DTR'S
|
DEEP TENDON REFLEXES
|
|
|
EMG
|
ELECTROMYOGRAPHY
|
|
|
IM
|
INTRA MUSCULAR
|
|
|
OA
|
OSTEOARTHRITIS
|
|
|
ortho (abrev.)
|
ORTHOPEDICS
|
|
|
OT
|
OCCUPATIONAL THERAPY
|
|
|
P (element)
|
PHOSPHORUS
|
|
|
PT
|
PHYSICAL THERAPY
|
|
|
RA
|
RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS
|
|
|
ROM
|
RANGE OF MOTION
|
|
|
SLE
|
SYSTEMIC LUPUS ERYTHEMATOSUS
|
|
|
TKR
|
TOTAL KNEE REPACEMENT/ ARTHROPLASTY
|
|
|
THR
|
TOTAL HIP REPLACEMENT/ ARTHROPLASTY
|
|
|
TMJ
|
TEMPROMANDIBULARJOINT
|
|
|
DJD
|
DEGENERATIVE JOITN DISEASE
|
|
|
thyroid
|
increases metablolism in body cells lowers calcium
|
|
|
parathyroids- function
|
increases calcium
|
|
|
adrenals (cortex)
|
increases blood sugar, increses reabsorption of sodium, secondary sex characteristics,
|
|
|
pancreas (function)
|
decreases blood sugar, in increases blood sugar
|
|
|
posterior lobe
|
stimulates absorption of h2o ( ADH) in kidneys, stimulates contraction of uterus (oxytocin)
|
|
|
ovaries
|
promote development of ova, and femal secondary sex characteristics, prepares uterus in pregnancy
|
|
|
testes
|
promotes development of sprem and male 2nd sex characteristics
|
|
|
pineal
|
induces sleep/ effects mood
|
|
|
thymus- function
|
imune response/ newborns
|
|
|
ADRENAL CORTEX
|
OUTER SECTION OF EACH ADRENAL GLAND,, secrets cortisol, aldosterone, and sex hormones
|
|
|
adrenal medula
|
inner section (medula), epinephrine, norephniphrine
|
|
|
pancreas
|
behind the stomach, secrets hormones, as exocrine gland also secreted enzymes
|
|
|
parathyroid gland.
|
4 small glands on posterior of thyroid,
|
|
|
pituitary gland (hypophysis)
|
located in base of brain in sella turcia, has anterior and posterior lobe, 1/16 of an ounce
|
|
|
testes
|
two glands enclosed in the scrotal sac of a male, sperm production and testosterone
|
|
|
thyroid gland
|
located in neck either side or trachea, secrets thyroxin
|
|
|
aden/o, adren/o, adrenal/o
|
gland
|
|
|
gonad/o
|
sex glands
|
|
|
pancreat/o
|
pancreas
|
|
|
parathyroid/o
|
parathyroid gland
|
|
|
pituitar/o
|
pituitary gland.hypophysis
|
|
|
thyr/o, thyroid/o
|
thyroid gland
|
|
|
andr/o
|
male
|
|
|
calc/o, calci/o
|
calcium
|
|
|
cortic/o
|
cortex, outer region
|
|
|
crin/o
|
secrete
|
|
|
dips/o
|
thirst
|
|
|
gynec/o, ester/o
|
female
|
|
|
gluc/o
|
sugar
|
|
|
glyc/o
|
sugar
|
|
|
home/o
|
sameness
|
|
|
hormon/o
|
hormone
|
|
|
kal/i
|
potassium
|
|
|
lact/o
|
milk
|
|
|
myx/o
|
mucus
|
|
|
natr/o
|
sodium
|
|
|
phys/o
|
growing
|
|
|
somat/o
|
body
|
|
|
ster/o
|
solid structure
|
|
|
toc/o
|
child birth
|
|
|
toxic/o
|
poison
|
|
|
ur/o
|
urine
|
|
|
-agon
|
assemble, gatehr , together
|
|
|
-emia
|
blood condition
|
|
|
-in, -ine
|
a substance
|
|
|
-tropin
|
stimulating the function of (to turn or act on)
|
|
|
-uria
|
urine collection
|
|
|
eu-
|
good normal
|
|
|
hyper-
|
exessive, above
|
|
|
hypo-
|
deficient, below, under less that normal
|
|
|
oxy-
|
rapid sharp, acid
|
|
|
pan-
|
all
|
|
|
tetra-
|
four
|
|
|
tri-
|
three
|
|
|
goiter
|
enlargement of thyroid gland
|
|
|
hyprethyroidism
|
over activity of th ethyroid glands, thyrotoxicosis
|
|
|
hypothyroidism
|
under activity of the thyroid
|
|
|
myxedema
|
advanced hypothyroidisn in adult hood
|
|
|
cretinism
|
extreme hypothyropidism during childhood and infancy leads to lack of normal physical and mental growth
|
|
|
thyroid carsinoma
|
cancer of thyroid
|
|
|
hyper parathyroidism
|
exessive production of parathromone
|
|
|
hyposecretion
|
deficient production of parathyroid hormone
|
|
|
cushing syndrome
|
group of signs and symptoms prodused by excess cortisol from adrenal cortex
|
|
|
addison disease
|
hypofunctioning of the adrenal cortex
|
|
|
pheochromocytoma
|
benign tumor of the adrenal medula, tumor calls stain dark or dusky
|
|
|
hyper insulinism
|
excess sectretion of insulin causing hypoglycemia
|
|
|
diabeties mellitus (DM)
|
lack of insulin secretion or resistance of insulin in promoting sugar startch and fat metabolism in cells
|
|
|
type 1 diabeties
|
IDDM juvenile insulin dependant,this is an auto immune disease
|
|
|
type 2 diabeties
|
usually older patients, obesity is very common (adult onset) non insulin dependant
|
|
|
acromegaly
|
hyper secretion of growth hormone from the ant. pit. after puberty leading to enlargement of extremities
|
|
|
GIANTISM
|
HYPER SECRETION OF GROWTH HORMONE FROM ANT. PIT. (BEFORE) puberty, abnormal over growth of body tissues
|
|
|
dwarfism
|
congenital hyposecretion of growth hormone
|
|
|
panhypopituitarisum
|
deficiency of all pit. hormones
|
|
|
diabetes insipidus (DI)
|
insufficent secretion of antidiuretic hormone (vasopressin)
|
|
|
fasting plasma glucose (FPG
|
also known as fasting blood sugar test, measures circulatin glucoes after 8 hour fast...
|
|
|
computed tomography (endocrine)
|
xray of endocrine glands , view tumors
|
|
|
magnetic resonance imaging hypothal/pit.
|
waves for images , of hypothalmus and pituitary gland
|
|
|
Ca++
|
calcium electrolyte
|
|
|
DI
|
DIABETIES INSIPIDUS
|
|
|
DM
|
DIABETES MELLITUS
|
|
|
FBG
|
FASTING BLOOD GLUCOSE
|
|
|
FBS
|
FASTING BLOOD SUGAR
|
|
|
GTT
|
GLUCOSE TOLERANCE TEST - MEASURES ABILITY TO RESPOND TO GLUCOSE LOAD (DIABETES TEST)
|
|
|
IDDM
|
INSULIN DEPENDANT DIABETES MELLITUS (TYPE 1)
|
|
|
K+
|
POTASSIUM ELECTROLYTE
|
|
|
Na+
|
SODIUM ELECTROLYTE
|
|
|
NIDDM
|
NON INSLUIN DEPENDANT DIABETES MELLITUS (TYPE2)
|
|
|
SIADH
|
SYNDROME OF INAPPROPRIATE ANTIDIURETIC HORMONE (SECRETION)
|
