Med Term Exam 3

Front 1

Mouth

Back 1

opening through which food passes into the body; breaks food into small particles by mastication (chewing) and mixing with saliva

Front 2

Tongue

Back 2

consists mainly of skeletal muscle; attached in the posterior region of the mouth; it provides movement of food for mastication, directs food to the pharynx for swallowing, and is a major organ for taste and speech.

Front 3

Palate

Back 3

separates the nasal cavity from the oral cavity

Front 4

Soft

Back 4

posterior portion, not supported by bone

Front 5

Hard

Back 5

anterior portion, supported by bone

Front 6

Uvula

Back 6

soft V-shaped mass that extends from the soft palate; directs food into the throat

Front 7

Pharynx, throat

Back 7

performs the swallowing action that passes food from the mouth into the esophagus

Front 8

Esophagus

Back 8

10-inch tube that extends from the pharynx to the stomach

Front 9

Stomach

Back 9

J-shaped sac that mixes and stores food; it secretes chemicals for digestion and hormones for local communication control

Front 10

Cardia

Back 10

area around the opening of the esophagus

Front 11

Fundus

Back 11

uppermost domed portion of the stomach

Front 12

Body

Back 12

central portion of the stomach

Front 13

Pylorus

Back 13

lower part of the stomach that connects to the small intestine

Front 14

Antrum

Back 14

portion of the pylorus that connects to the body of the stomach

Front 15

Pyloric syphincter

Back 15

ring of muscle that guards the opening between the stomach and duodenum

Front 16

Small intestine

Back 16

20-foot canal extending from the pyloric sphincter to the large intestine

Front 17

Duodenum

Back 17

first 10-12 inches of SI

Front 18

Jejunum

Back 18

second portion of the SI, approximately 8 feet long

Front 19

Ileum

Back 19

third portion of SI, approximately 11 feet long, which connects with the LI

Front 20

Large intestine

Back 20

canal that is approximately 5 feet long and extends from the ileum to the anus

Front 21

Cecum

Back 21

blind U-shaped pouch that is the first portion of the LI

Front 22

Colon

Back 22

next portion of the LI; the colon is divided into four parts: ascending, transverse, descending and sigmoid colon

Front 23

Rectum

Back 23

remaining portion of the LI, approximately 8-10 inches, extending from the sigmoid colon to the anus

Front 24

Anus

Back 24

sphincter muscle at the end of the digestive tract

Front 25

Salivary glands

Back 25

produce saliva, which flows into the stomach

Front 26

Liver

Back 26

produces bile, which is necessary for the digestion of fats; the liver performs many other functions

Front 27

Bile ducts

Back 27

passageways that carry bile: the hepatic duct is a passageway for bile from the liver, and the cystic duct carries bile from the gallbladder; they join to form the common bile duct, which conveys bile to the duodenum

Front 28

Gallbladder

Back 28

small, saclike structure that stores bile

Front 29

Pancreas

Back 29

produces pancreatic juice, which helps digest all types of food and secretes insulin for carbohydrate metabolism

Front 30

Peritoneum

Back 30

serous sac lining of the abdominal and pelvic cavities

Front 31

Appendix

Back 31

small pouch, which has no function in digestion, attached to the cecum

Front 32

Abdomen

Back 32

portion of the body between the thorax and the pelvis

Front 33

An/o

Back 33

anus

Front 34

Antr/o

Back 34

antrum

Front 35

Cec/o

Back 35

cecum

Front 36

Col/o, colon/o

Back 36

colon (usually denoting the LI)

Front 37

Duoden/o

Back 37

duodenum

Front 38

Enter/o

Back 38

intestine (usually denoting the SI)

Front 39

Esophag/o

Back 39

esophagus

Front 40

Gastr/o

Back 40

stomach

Front 41

Ile/o

Back 41

ileum

Front 42

Jejun/o

Back 42

jejunum

Front 43

Or/o, stomat/o

Back 43

mouth

Front 44

Proct/o, rect/o

Back 44

rectum

Front 45

Sigmoid/o

Back 45

sigmoid colon

Front 46

Abdomin/o, celi/o, lapar/o

Back 46

abdomen (abdominal cavity)

Front 47

Appendic/o

Back 47

appendix

Front 48

Cheil/o

Back 48

lip

Front 49

Cholangi/o

Back 49

bile duct

Front 50

Chol/e

Back 50

gall, bile

Front 51

Choledoch/o

Back 51

common bile duct

Front 52

Diverticul/o

Back 52

diverticulum, or blind pouch, extending from a hollow organ

Front 53

Gingiv/o

Back 53

gum

Front 54

Gloss/o, lingu/o

Back 54

tongue

Front 55

Hepat/o

Back 55

liver

Front 56

Herni/o

Back 56

hernia, or protrusion of an organ through a membrane or cavity wall

Front 57

Palat/o

Back 57

palate

Front 58

Pancreat/o

Back 58

pancreas

Front 59

Peritone/o

Back 59

peritoneum

Front 60

Polyp/o

Back 60

polyp, small growth

Front 61

Pylor/o

Back 61

pylorus, pyloric sphincter

Front 62

Sial/o

Back 62

saliva, salivary glands

Front 63

Uvul/o

Back 63

uvula

Front 64

Hemi-

Back 64

half

Front 65

-pepsia

Back 65

digestion

Front 66

Appendicitis

Back 66

inflammation of the appendix

Front 67

Cholangioma

Back 67

tumor of the bile duct

Front 68

Cholecystitis

Back 68

infallmation of the gallbladder

Front 69

Choledocholithiasis

Back 69

condition of stones in the common bile duct

Front 70

Cholelithiasis

Back 70

condition of gallstones

Front 71

Diverticulitis

Back 71

inflammation of the diverticulum

Front 72

Diverticulosis

Back 72

abnormal condition of having diverticula

Front 73

Esophagitis

Back 73

inflammation of the esophagus

Front 74

Gastritis

Back 74

inflammation of the stomach

Front 75

Gastroenteritis

Back 75

inflammation of the stomach and intestines

Front 76

Gastroenterocolitis

Back 76

inflammation of the stomach, intestines and colon

Front 77

Gingivitis

Back 77

inflammation of the gums

Front 78

Hepatitis

Back 78

inflammation of the liver

Front 79

Palatitis

Back 79

inflammation of the palate

Front 80

Pancreatitis

Back 80

inflammation of the pancreas

Front 81

Peritonitis

Back 81

inflammation of the peritoneum

Front 82

Polyposis

Back 82

abnormal condition of (multiple) polyps (in the mucous membrane of the intestine, especially the colon; high potential for malignancy)

Front 83

Proctoptosis

Back 83

prolapse of the rectum

Front 84

Rectocele

Back 84

protrusion of the rectum

Front 85

Sialolith

Back 85

stone in the salivary gland

Front 86

Uvulitis

Back 86

inflammation of the uvula

Front 87

Adhesion

Back 87

abnormal growing together of two surfaces that normally are separated; this may occur after abdominal surgery; surgical treatment is called adhesiolysis or adhesiotomy

Front 88

Anorexia nervosa

Back 88

psychoneurotic disorder characterized by a prolonged refusal to eat, resulting in emaciation, amenorrhea in females, and abnormal fear of becoming obese; primarily occurs in adolescents

Front 89

Bulimia nervosa

Back 89

an eating disorder involving gorging with food, followed by induced vomiting or laxative use (binge/purge)

Front 90

Cirrhosis

Back 90

chronic disease of the liver with gradual destruction of cells, most commonly caused by alcoholism

Front 91

Crohn disease

Back 91

chronic inflammation usually affecting the ileum, although it can affect any part of the GI tract; it is characterized by cobblestone ulcerations along the intestinal wall and the formation of scar tissue and may cause obstruction; also known as regional ileitis or regional enteritis

Front 92

Duodenal ulcer

Back 92

ulcer in the duodenum

Front 93

Gastric ulcer

Back 93

ulcer in the stomach

Front 94

Ileus

Back 94

obstruction of the intestine, often caused by failure of peristalsis

Front 95

Intussusception

Back 95

telescoping of a segment of the intestine

Front 96

Irritable bowel syndrome

Back 96

periodic disturbances of bowel function, such as diarrhea and/or constipation, usually associated with abdominal pain [IBS]

Front 97

Obesity

Back 97

excess of body fat (not body weight)

Front 98

Peptic ulcer

Back 98

another name for gastric or duodenal ulcer

Front 99

Polyp

Back 99

tumorlike growth extending outward from a mucous membrane; usually benign, common sites are the nose, throat and intestines

Front 100

Ulcerative colitis

Back 100

inflammation of the colon with the formation of ulcers; the main symptom is diarrhea – as many as 15-29 stools per day; an ileostomy may be performed to treat this condition

Front 101

Volvulus

Back 101

twisting or kinking of the intestine, causing intestinal obstruction

Front 102

Abdominoplasty

Back 102

surgical repair of the stomach

Front 103

Anoplasty

Back 103

surgical repair of the anus

Front 104

Antrectomy

Back 104

excision of the antrum

Front 105

Appendectomy

Back 105

excision of the appendix

Front 106

Celiotomy

Back 106

incision into the abdominal cavity

Front 107

Cheilorrhaphy

Back 107

suture of the lip

Front 108

Cholecystectomy

Back 108

excision of the gallbladder

Front 109

Choledocholithotomy

Back 109

incision into the common bile duct to remove a stone

Front 110

Colectomy

Back 110

excision of the colon

Front 111

Colostomy

Back 111

creation of an artificial opening into the colon (through the abdominal wall); used for the passage of stool through the creation of a mouth-like opening on the abdominal wall called a stoma

Front 112

Diverticulectomy

Back 112

excision of a diverticulum

Front 113

Enterorrhaphy

Back 113

suture of the intestine

Front 114

Esophagogastroplasty

Back 114

surgical repair of the esophagus and the stomach

Front 115

Gastrectomy

Back 115

excision of the stomach (or part of the stomach)

Front 116

Gastrojejunostomy

Back 116

creation of an artificial opening between the stomach and jejunum

Front 117

Gastoplasty

Back 117

surgical repair of the stomach

Front 118

Gastrostomy

Back 118

creation of an artificial opening into the stomach (through the abdominal wall)

Front 119

Gingivectomy

Back 119

surgical removal of the gum (tissue)

Front 120

Glossorrhaphy

Back 120

suture of the tongue

Front 121

Hemicolectomy

Back 121

excision of half of the colon

Front 122

Herniorrhaphy

Back 122

suturing of a hernia (for repair)

Front 123

Ileostomy

Back 123

creation of an artificial opening into the ileum

Front 124

Laparotomy

Back 124

incision into the abdomen

Front 125

Palatoplasty

Back 125

surgical repair of the palate

Front 126

Polypectomy

Back 126

excision of a polyp

Front 127

Pyloromyotomy

Back 127

incision into the pyloric muscle

Front 128

Pyloroplasty

Back 128

surgical repair of pylorus

Front 129

Uvulectomy

Back 129

excision of the uvula

Front 130

Uvulopalatopharyngoplasty

Back 130

surgical repair of the uvula, palate and pharynx (performed to correct obstructive sleep apnea) [UPPP]

Front 131

Abdominoperineal resection

Back 131

removal of the colon and rectum through both abdominal and perineal approaches; performed to treat colorectal cancer and inflammatory disease of the lower LI; the patient will have a colostomy [A&P Resection]

Front 132

Anastomosis

Back 132

surgical connection between two normally distinct structures

Front 133

Vagotomy

Back 133

cutting of certain branches of the vagus nerve, performed with gastric surgery to reduce the amount of gastric acid produced and thus reduce the recurrence of ulcers

Front 134

Cholangiogram

Back 134

x-ray imaging of bile ducts (an injection of radiopaque material is used to outline the ducts)

Front 135

Cholecystogram

Back 135

x-ray imaging of the gallbladder (oral cholecystogram is still used to diagnosis cholelithiasis, but ultrasound is now the method of choice)

Front 136

CT colongraphy

Back 136

x-ray imaging of the colon

Front 137

Colonoscope

Back 137

instrument used for visual examination of the colon

Front 138

Colonoscopy

Back 138

visual examination of the colon

Front 139

Endoscope

Back 139

instrument used for visual examination within a hollow organ

Front 140

Esophagoscpe

Back 140

instrument used for visual examination of the esophagus

Front 141

Gastroscope

Back 141

instrument used for visual examination of the stomach

Front 142

Laparoscope

Back 142

instrument used for visual examination of the abdominal cavity

Front 143

Proctoscope

Back 143

instrument used for visual examination of the rectum

Front 144

Sigmoidoscope

Back 144

instrument used for visual examination of the sigmoid colon

Front 145

Barium enema

Back 145

series of x-ray images taken of the LI after a barium enema has been administered [BE]

Front 146

Upper GI series

Back 146

series of x-ray images taken of the stomach and duodenum after barium has been swallowed

Front 147

Endoscopic ultrasound

Back 147

a procedure using an endoscope fitted with an ultrasound probe that provides images of layers of the intestinal wall; used to detect tumors and cystic growths and for staging of malignant tumors [EUS]

Front 148

Fecal occult blood test

Back 148

a test to detect occult blood in feces; it is used to screen for colon cancer or polyps; occult blood refers to blood that is present but can be viewed microscopically [aka guaiac test]

Front 149

Abdominal

Back 149

pertaining to the abdomen

Front 150

Abdominocentesis

Back 150

surgical puncture to remove fluid from the abdominal cavity (paracentesis)

Front 151

Anal

Back 151

pertaining to the anus

Front 152

Aphagia

Back 152

without swallowing (the inability to)

Front 153

Colorectal

Back 153

pertaining to the colon and rectum

Front 154

Dyspepsia

Back 154

difficult digestion

Front 155

Dysphagia

Back 155

difficult swallowing

Front 156

Gastrodynia

Back 156

pain in the stomach

Front 157

Gastroenterologist

Back 157

a physician who studies and treats diseases of the stomach and intestines

Front 158

Gastroenterology

Back 158

study of the stomach and intestines

Front 159

Gastromalacia

Back 159

softening of the stomach

Front 160

Glossopathy

Back 160

disease of the tongue

Front 161

Ileocecal

Back 161

pertaining to the ileum and cecum

Front 162

Nasogastric

Back 162

pertaining to the nose and stomach

Front 163

Oral

Back 163

pertaining to the mouth

Front 164

Pancreatic

Back 164

pertaining to the pancreas

Front 165

Peritoneal

Back 165

pertaining to the peritoneum

Front 166

Proctologist

Back 166

physician who studies and treats disease of rectum

Front 167

Proctology

Back 167

study of the rectum

Front 168

Rectal

Back 168

pertaining to the rectum

Front 169

Stomatogastic

Back 169

pertaining to the mouth and stomach

Front 170

Sublingual

Back 170

pertaining to under the tongue

Front 171

Ascities

Back 171

abnormal collection of fluid in the peritoneal cavity

Front 172

Diarrhea

Back 172

frequent discharge of liquid stool

Front 173

Dysentery

Back 173

disorder that involves inflammation of the intestine associated with diarrhea and abdominal pain

Front 174

Feces

Back 174

waste from the digestive tract expelled through the rectum

Front 175

Flatus

Back 175

gas in the digestive tract or expelled through the anus

Front 176

Gastric lavage

Back 176

washing out the stomach

Front 177

Gavage

Back 177

process of feeding a person through a nasogastic tube

Front 178

Hematemesis

Back 178

vomiting of blood

Front 179

Melena

Back 179

black, tarry stool that contains digested blood; usually a result of bleeding in the upper GI tract

Front 180

Nausea

Back 180

urge to vomit

Front 181

Peristalsis

Back 181

involuntary wavelike contractions that propel food along the digestive tract

Front 182

Reflux

Back 182

abnormal backward flow

Front 183

Vomit

Back 183

matter expelled from the stomach through the mouth (emesis)

Front 184

N&V

Back 184

nausea and vomiting