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190 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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bile
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digestive juice made in the liver and stored in the gallbladder; breaks up large fat globules
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appendix
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blind pouch hanging from the cecum, RLQ
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anus
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opening of the digestive tract to the outside of the body
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amylase
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enzyme secreted by the pancreas to digest starch
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amino acids
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building blocks of proteins, produced when proteins are digested
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absorbtion
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passage of materials through the walls of the small intestine into the bloodstream
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bilirubin
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pigment released by the liver in bile
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bowel
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intestine
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canine teeth
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pointed teeth, next to incisors, used to tear
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cecum
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first part of the large intestine
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colon
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large intestine
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common bile duct
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carries bile from the liver and gall bladder to the duodenum
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defecation
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elimination of feces from digestive tract through the rectum
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deglutition
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swallowing
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dentin
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major tissue composing teeth, covered by enamel in the crown and cementum in the root
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digestion
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breakdown of complex foods to simpler forms
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duodenum
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first part of the small intestine; duo=2, den=10, measures 12 inches long
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elimination
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act of removal of materials from the body
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emulsification
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physical process of breaking up large fat globules into smaller globules, increasing the surface area that enzymes can use to digest fat
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enamel
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hard, outermost layer of a tooth
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enzyme
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a chemical that speeds up a reaction between substances
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esophagus
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tube connecting the throat to the stomach
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fatty acids
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substances produced when fats are digested
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feces
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solid waste; stool
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gallbladder
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small sac under the liver; stores bile
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glucose
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simple sugar
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glycogen
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starch
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hydrochloric acid
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substance produced by the stomach, necessary for digestion
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ileum
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3rd part of the small intestine
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incisors
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4 front teeth on either arch
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insulin
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hormone produced by the endocrine cells of the pancreas; transports sugar from blood into cells
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lipase
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pancreatic enzyme necessary to digest fats
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liver
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large organ located in the RUQ of abdomen; secretes bile; stores sugar, iron and vitamins; produces blood proteins
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jejunum
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second part of the small intestine
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lower esophageal sphincter (LES)
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ring of muscles between the esophagus and the stomach
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mastication
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chewing
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molar teeth
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6th, 7th, & 8th teeth from middle on either side of arch
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palate
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roof of mouth
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pancreas
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organ under the stomach; produces insulin & enzymes
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papillae
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small elevations on the tongue
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parotid gland
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salivary gland within the cheek, just anterior to the ear
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peristalsis
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rhythmic contractions of the tubes of the GI tract and other tubular structures
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pharynx
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throat- passageway for food and air
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portal vein
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large vein bringing blood to the liver from the intestines
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protease
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enzyme that digests protein
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pulp
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soft tissue within a tooth, contains nerves and blood vessels
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pyloric sphincter
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ring of muscle at the end of the stomach, near the duodenum
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pylorus
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distal region of the stomach, opening to the duodenum
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rectum
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last section of the large intestine; connecting to colon and anus
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rugae
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ridges on the hard palate
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saliva
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digestive juice produced by salivary gland
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salivary gland
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parotid, sublingual and submandibular glands
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sigmoid colon
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fourth and last 'S' shaped segment of the colon; empties into the rectum
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sphincter
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circular ring of muscle that constricts a passage or closes a natural opening
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stomach
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muscular organ that receives food from the esophagus
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triglycerides
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large fat molecules composed of three parts fatty acid and one part glycerol
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uvula
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soft tissue hanging from middle of soft palate
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villi
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microscopic projections in the wall of the small intestine that absorb nutrients
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an/o
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anus
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append/o, appendic/o
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appendix
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bucc/o
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cheek
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cec/o
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cecum
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celi/o
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belly, abdomen
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cheil/o
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lip
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cholecyst/o
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gallbladder
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choledoch/o
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common bile duct
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col/o, colon/o
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colon
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dent/i
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tooth
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duoden/o
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duodenum
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faci/o
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face
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gingiv/o
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gums
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gloss/o
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tongue
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ile/o
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ileum
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jejun/o
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jejunum
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labi/o
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lip
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lingu/o
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tongue
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mandibul/o
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lower jaw
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odont/o
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tooth
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or/o
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mouth
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palat/o
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palate
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pancreat/o
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pancreas
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proct/o
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anus & rectum
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pylor/o
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pyloric sphincter
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sialaden/o
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salivary gland
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sigmoid/o
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sigmoid colon
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stomat/o
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mouth
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uvul/o
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uvula
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amyl/o
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starch
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bil/i
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gall, bile
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bilirubin/o
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bilirubin (bile pigment)
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chol/e
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gall, bile
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chlorhydr/o
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hydrochloric acid
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gluc/o, glyc/o
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sugar
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glycogen/o
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glycogen, animal starch
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lip/o
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fat, lipid
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lith/o
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stone`
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prote/o
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protein
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sial/o
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saliva, salivary
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steat/o
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fat
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-ase
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enzyme
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-chezia
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defecation, elimination of waste
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-iasis
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abnormal condition
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-prandial
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meal
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perianal
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around the anus
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appendectomy
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removal of the appendix
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appendicitis
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inflammation of the appendix
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buccal mucosa
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epithelial cells of the cheek
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cecal
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pertaining to the cecum
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celiac
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pertaining to the abdomen
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cheilosis
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abnormal condition of the lip
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cholecystectomy
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removal of the gallbladder
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choledochotomy
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incision into the common bile duct
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colostomy
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open to form a mouth in colon to outside of body
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dentibuccal
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teeth next to the cheek
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duodenal
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pertaining to the duodenum
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enterocolitis
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inflammation of the small intestines and the colon
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enterocolostomy
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opening to form mouth between intestines and colon
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anastomosis
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any surgical connection between 2 parts
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mesentery
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part of the double fold of the peritoneum that stretches around organs of abdomen; holds in place
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parenteral
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pertaining to apart from the intestines
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gingivitis
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inflammation of the gums
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hypoglossal
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under the tongue
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hepatomegaly
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enlargement of the liver
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ileocecal sphincter
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valve that closes passage to ileum
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choledochojejunostomy
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anastomosis between the common bile duct and the jejunum
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gastrojejunostomy
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anastomosis between stomach and jejunum; part of gastric bypass procedure
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labial
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pertaining to the lip
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sublingual
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below the tongue
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submandibular
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below the lower jaw
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orthodontist
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doctor who specializes in straightening teeth
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periodontist
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specializes in diseases of gums and other structures surrounding the teeth
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endodontist
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performs root canal therapy
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palatoplasty
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procedure to repair cleft palate and cleft lip
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pancreatitis
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inflammation of the pancreas
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palatopharyngoplasty
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treatment for snoring or sleep apnea caused by obstructions in the throat or nose
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proctologist
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specializes in anus and rectum
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pyloroplasty
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surgical procedure to repair the pyloric sphincter
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sialadenitis
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inflammation of the salivary gland
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stomatitis
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inflammation of the mouth
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uvulectomy
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removal of the uvula
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biliary
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tract includes the organs and ducts that secrete, store and empty bile into the duodenum
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hyperbilirubinemia
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excessive amount bile pigment in the blood
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cholelithiasis
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abnormal condition of stone in the bile or gall
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achlorhydria
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absence of gastric juice
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gluconeogenesis
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liver cells make new sugar from fats and proteins
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lipoma
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mass of fat or lipids
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lithogenesis
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producing or forming stone
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protease
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protein enzyme
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sialolith
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stone formed in salivary gland
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steatorrhea
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improperly digested fats appearing in the feces
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hematochezia
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bright red blood found in feces
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choledocholithiasis
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condition of gallstone in common bile duct
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postprandial
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after meals
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ascites
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abnormal accumulation of fluid in the abdomen
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borborygmus
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rumbling or gurgling noise produced by the movement of gas, fluid, or both in the gastrointestinal tract
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constipation
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difficulty in passing stool
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diarrhea
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frequent passage of loose, watery stool
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dysphagia
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difficulty in swallowing
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eructation
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gas expelled from stomach through the mouth
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flatus
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gas expelled from stomach through the anus
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hematochezia
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passage of fresh, bright, red blood from the rectum
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jaundice
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yellow-orange coloration of the skin and whites of the eyes caused by high levels of bilirubin in the blood
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melena
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black, tarry stools; feces containing digested blood
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nausea
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unpleasant sensation in the stomach associated with vomitting
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steatorrhea
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fat in the feces
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aphthous stomatitis
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inflammation of the mouth with small, painful ulcers
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herpetic stomatitis
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inflammation of the mouth with the herpesvirus
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oral leukoplakia
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white plaques or patches on the mucosa of the mouth
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periodontal disease
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inflammation and degeneration of gums, teeth, and surrounding bones
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achalasia
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failure of the lower esophagus sphincter muscle to relax
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esophageal varices
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swollen varicose veins at the lower end of the esophagus
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gastric carcinoma
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malignant tumor of the stomach
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gastroesophageal reflux disease (gerd)
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solids and fluids return to the mouth from the stomach
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hernia
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protrusion of an organ or part through the muscle normally containing it
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peptic ulcer
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open sore or lesion of the mucous membrane of the stomach or duodenum
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anal fistula
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abnormal tube-like passageway near the anus
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colonic polyposis
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polyps (benign growths) protrude from the mucous membrane of the colon
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colorectal cancer
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adenocarcinoma of the colon or rectum or both
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crohns disease
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chronic inflammation of the intestinal tract
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diverticulosis
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abnormal side pockets in the intestinal wall
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dysentery
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painful, inflamed intestines
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hemorrhoids
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swollen, twisted, varicose veins in the rectal region
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ileus
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failure of peristalsis with resulting obstruction of the intestines
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intussusception
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telescoping of the intestines
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irritable bowel syndrome (ibs)
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group of gastrointestinal symptoms associated with stress and tension
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ulcerative colitis
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chronic inflammation of the colon with presence of ulcers
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volvulus
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twisting of the intesting on itself
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cholelithiasis
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gallstones in the gallbladder
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cirrhosis
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chronic degenerative disease of the liver
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viral hepatitis
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inflammation of the liver caused by a virus
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