Med Term Chapter 7

Front 1

nose

Back 1

exchanges air during inhaling and exhaling: warms, moisturizes, and filter inhaled air

Front 2

sinuses

Back 2

produces mucus for the nasal cavities, make bones of skull lighter, aid in sound production

Front 3

pharynx

Back 3

transports air back and forth between the nose and trachea

Front 4

larynx

Back 4

makes speech possible

Front 5

bronchi

Back 5

transports air from trachea into lungs

Front 6

alveoli

Back 6

air sacs that exchange gases with pulmonary capillary blood

Front 7

lungs

Back 7

brings oxygen into body, and removes carbon dioxide and some water waste from the body

Front 8

respiratory system

Back 8

supplies the blood with oxygen for transportation to the cells in all parts of the body

Front 9

upper respiratory tract

Back 9

consists of the nose, mouth, pharynx, epiglottis, larynx, and trachea

Front 10

lower respiratory tract

Back 10

consists o the bronchial tree and lungs. Structures located within and protected by thoracic cavity/thorax

Front 11

nasal septum

Back 11

wall of cartilage that divides the nose into two equal sections.

Front 12

cilia

Back 12

thin hairs located just inside nostrils, filter incoming air to remove debris

Front 13

mucous membranes

Back 13

lines nose, digestive, reproductive, urinary tract

Front 14

mucus

Back 14

slippery secretion produced by mucous membranes that protect and lubricates these tissues.

Front 15

olfactory receptors

Back 15

nerve endings that act as the receptors for the sense of smell.

Front 16

tonsils/adenoids

Back 16

part of lymphatic system. Protect the body from infection coming through the nose or the mouth

Front 17

paranasal sinuses

Back 17

air-filld cavities lined with mucous membrane, located in bones of skull.

Front 18

Functions of paranasal sinuses

Back 18

-Make bones of skull lighter

-Help produce sound by giving resonance to the voice

-produce mucus to provide lubrication for tissues of nasal cavity

Front 19

frontal sinuses

Back 19

located in frontal bones just above eyebrows.

Front 20

Sphenoid sinuses

Back 20

located in sphenoid bone behind eye and under pituitary gland. Infection can damage vision

Front 21

maxillary sinuses

Back 21

largest; located in maxillary bones under eyes

Front 22

ethmoid sinuses

Back 22

located in ethmoid bones between nose and eyes, irregularly shaped cells that are separated from orbital cavity only by thin layer of bone

Front 23

nasopharnx

Back 23

first division. Posterior to nasal cavity and continues downward to behind the mouth. Used only by respiratory system for transport of air and opens into oropharynx

Front 24

oropharynx

Back 24

second division. Portion visible when looking into mouth. Transports air, food, fluids down

Front 25

laryngopharynx

Back 25

third division. Air, food, fluids continue downward to openings of esophagus and trachea where air enters the trachea and food and fluids flow into esophagus

Front 26

larynx

Back 26

voice box

-nine separate cartilages

-contains vocal cords

Front 27

thyroid cartilage

Back 27

largest. Adam's apple

Front 28

Two Mechanisms act automaticlly during swallowing to ensure that only air goes into lungs

Back 28

-soft palate

-epiglottis

Front 29

surfactant

Back 29

detergent-like substance which reduces the surface tension of the fluid in the lungs. Makes them not collapse during exhalation

Front 30

right lung

Back 30

larger; 3 lobes, upper, middle, lower

Front 31

left lung

Back 31

two lungs, upper lower

Front 32

mediastinum

Back 32

middle section of chest cavit and is located between the lungs. Connective tissue and organs, including heart and its veins and arteries

Front 33

pleura

Back 33

thin, moist, slippery membrane that covers the outer surface of the lungs and lines inner surface of the thoracic cavity

Front 34

parietal pleura

Back 34

outer layer of pleura. Lines walls of thoracic cavity; covers diaphragm, forms the sac containing each lung. Attached to chest wall

Front 35

visceral pleura

Back 35

inner layer of pleura that covers each lung, attached directly to lungs

Front 36

pleural cavity

Back 36

thin fluid filled space between parietal and visceral pleural membranes

Front 37

diaphragm

Back 37

dome-shaped sheet of muscle that separates the thoracic cavity from abdomen

Front 38

Phrenic Nerves

Back 38

stimulate diaphragm and cause it to contract

Front 39

inhalation

Back 39

act of taking in air as the diaphragm contracts and pulls downward . Causes thoracic cavity to expand

Front 40

external respiration

Back 40

act of bringing air in and out of lungs from outside environment and in process, exchanging oxygen for CO2

Front 41

internal respiration

Back 41

cellular respiration

-oxygen passes from bloodstream into cells

Front 42

otolaryngologist (ENT)

Back 42

physician with specialized training in the diagnosis and treatment of diseases and disorders of the head and neck

Front 43

pulmonologist

Back 43

physician who specializes in diagnosing and treating diseases and disorders of the respiratory system

Front 44

thoracic surgeon

Back 44

performs operation on the organs inside thorax (Chest)

Front 45

chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)

Back 45

group of lung diseases in which bronchial airflow is obstructed, making it hard to breathe

Front 46

chronic bronchitis

Back 46

airways have become inflamed due to recurrent exposure to an inhaled irritant, usually cigarette smoke.

Front 47

emphysema

Back 47

progressive, long term loss of lung function, usually due to smoking.

1.decrease in total number of alveoli

2. enlargement of remaining alveoli

3. progressive destruction of walls of these remaining alveoli

Front 48

asthma

Back 48

inflammatory disease of bronchial tubes

Front 49

airway inflammation

Back 49

swelling and clogging of bronchial tubes with mucus.

Front 50

bronchospasm

Back 50

contraction of smooth muscle in walls of bronchi and bronchioles, tighetning and squeezing the airway shut

Front 51

upper respiratory infections/ acute nasopharyngitis

Back 51

common cold

Front 52

allergic rhinitis

Back 52

allergy. Allergic reaction to airborne allergens that causes an increased flow of mucus

Front 53

Croup

Back 53

acute respiratory infection in children and infants characterized by obstruction of larynx, hoarseness, swelling around vocal cords resulting in barking cough and stridor

Front 54

stridor

Back 54

harsh, high-pitched sound caused by blockage present when breathing

Front 55

diptheria

Back 55

acute bacterial infection of the throat and upper respiratory tract. Produce toxins that can damage the heart muscle and peripheral nerves

Front 56

epistaxis

Back 56

nose bleed. Bleeding from nose

Front 57

infleunza

Back 57

flue. Acute, highly contagious viral infection characterized by respiratory inflammation

Front 58

pertussis

Back 58

whooping cough

Front 59

rhinorrhea

Back 59

runny nose. Watery flow of mucus from the nose

Front 60

sinusitis

Back 60

inflammation of the sinuses

Front 61

pharyngitis

Back 61

sore throat, inflammation of pharynx

Front 62

laryngospasm

Back 62

sudden spasmodic closure of larnyx. Associated with GERD

Front 63

Aphonia

Back 63

loss of ability of larynx to produce normal speech sounds

Front 64

dysphonia

Back 64

difficulty in speaking.

Front 65

laryngitis

Back 65

inflammation of larynx. Voice loss caused by inflammation

Front 66

tracheorrhagia

Back 66

bleeding from mucous membranes of trachea

Front 67

bronchiectasis

Back 67

permanent dilation of bronchi, caused by chronic infection and inflammation

Front 68

bronchorrhea

Back 68

excessive discharge of mucus from bronchi. Often caused by chronic bronchitis or asthma

Front 69

pleurisy

Back 69

inflammation of pleura, membranes that cover lungs and line the pleural cavity.

Front 70

pleurodynia

Back 70

sharp pain that occrus when inflamed membreanes rub against each other with each inhalation

Front 71

plerual effusion

Back 71

excess accumulation of fluid in pleural space. Produces feeling of breathlessness because it prevents the lung from fully expanding.

Front 72

effusion

Back 72

escape of fluid from blood or lymphatic vessels into the tissues or into a body cavity

Front 73

pyothorax

Back 73

presence of pus in the pleural cavity between the layers of pleural membrane

Front 74

empyema

Back 74

refers to a collection of pus in a body cavity

Front 75

hemothorax

Back 75

collection of blood in pleural cavity. This condition often results from chest trauma, such as stab wound

Front 76

pneumothorax

Back 76

accumulation of air in pleural space resulting in a pressure imbalance that causes the lung to fully or partially collapse

Front 77

acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS)

Back 77

lung condition usually caused by trauma, pneumonia, smoke or fumes, inhaled vomit, sepsis

Front 78

sepsis

Back 78

systemic bacterial infection of bloodstream. Lifethreatening condition in which inflammation in lungs and fluid in alveoli lead to low levels of oxygen levels in blood

Front 79

atelectasis

Back 79

collapsed lung

Front 80

pulmonary edema

Back 80

accumulation of fluid in lung tissues, especially in alveoli

Front 81

pulmonary embolism

Back 81

sudden blockage of pulmonary artery by foreign matter or by embolus that has formed in leg or pelvic region

Front 82

pneumorrhagia

Back 82

bleeding from lungs

Front 83

tuberculosis

Back 83

infectious disease caused by mycobacterium tuberculosis, usually attacks lungs. Can also affect other parts of the body

Front 84

Pneumonia

Back 84

serious inflammation of the lungs in which the alveoli and air passages fill with pus and fluids

Front 85

bronchopneumonia

Back 85

localized form of pneumonia tht often affects the bronchioles

Front 86

lobar pneumonia

Back 86

larger areas of lungs, often including one or more sections, or lobes, of lung

Front 87

aspiration pneumonia

Back 87

can occur when a foreign substance is inhaled into lungs

Front 88

bacterial pneumonia

Back 88

most commonly caused steptrococcus.

Front 89

Pneumococcal Pneumonia

Back 89

only form of pneumonia that can be prevented through vaccination

Front 90

community-acquired pneumonia

Back 90

type of pneumonia that results that contagious infection outside of a hospital or clinic

Front 91

hospital- acquired pneumonia

Back 91

contracted during a stay in the hospital when a patient's defenses are impaired

Front 92

walking pneumonia

Back 92

milder but longer lasting form of disease caused by bacteria

Front 93

pneumocystis pneumonia

Back 93

opportunistic infection caused by the yeast-like fungus pneumocystis carinii

Front 94

viral pneumonia

Back 94

accounts for one third of pneumonias

Front 95

interstitial lung disease

Back 95

almost 200 disorders that cause inflammation and scarring of alveoli and their supporting structures.

Front 96

pulmonary fibrosis

Back 96

progressive formation of scar tissue in lung, resulting in decreased lung capacity and increased difficulty in breathing

Front 97

pneumoconiosis

Back 97

any fibrosis of the lung tissues caused by dust in lungs after prolonged environmental or occupational contact

Front 98

anthracosis/coal miner's pneumoconiosis/ black lung disease

Back 98

caused by coal dust in lungs

Front 99

asbestosis

Back 99

asbestos particles in lungs and usually occurs after working with asbestos

Front 100

silicosis

Back 100

inhaling silica dust in lungs and usually occurs after working in occupations including foundry work, quarrying, ceramics, glasswork, sandblasting

Front 101

cystic fibrosis

Back 101

life-threatening disorder in which lungs and pancreas are clogged with large quantities of abnormally thick mucus

Front 102

Lung Cancer

Back 102

leading cause of cancer death in US

Front 103

eupnea

Back 103

easy or normal breathing. Baseline for judging some breathing disorders

Front 104

apnea

Back 104

temporary absence of spontaneous respiration

Front 105

bradypnea

Back 105

abnormally slow rate of respiration, usually of less than 10 breaths per minute

Front 106

cheyne-stokes respiration

Back 106

irregular pattern of breathing characterized by alternating pattern or shallow respiration followed by slower respiration or apnea

Front 107

tachypnea

Back 107

abnormally rapid rate of respiration usually of more than 20 breaths per minute

Front 108

dyspnea

Back 108

shortness of breath

Front 109

hyperpnea

Back 109

commonly associated with exertion, breathing deeper and more rapid than is normal at rest

Front 110

hypopnea

Back 110

shallow or slow respiration

Front 111

hyperventilation

Back 111

abnormally rapid rate of deep respiration that is usually associated with anxiety. Decreases level of CO2 in blood, causing dizziness

Front 112

sleep apnea

Back 112

breathing repeatedly stops and starts during sleep for long enough periods to cause measureable decrease in blood oxygen levels

Front 113

snoring

Back 113

noisy breathing caused by vibration of soft palate

Front 114

expectoartion

Back 114

act of coughing up and spitting out saliva, mucus, or other body fluid

Front 115

hemoptysis

Back 115

expectoration of blood of blood-stained sputum derived from lungs or bronchial tubes as result of pulmonary or bronchial hemorrhage

Front 116

airway obstruction

Back 116

choking

Front 117

anoxia

Back 117

absence of oxygen from body tissues and organs even though there is an adequete flow of blood

Front 118

hypoxia

Back 118

condition of having deficient oxygen levels in bodys tissues and organs. Less severe than apoxia

Front 119

asphyxia

Back 119

loss of conciousness that occurs when body cannot get oxygen it needs to function

Front 120

chypercapnia

Back 120

abnormal buildup of CO2 in blood

Front 121

respiratory failure (RF)

Back 121

condition in which level of oxygen in blood becomes dangerously low, or level of CO2 becomes very high

Front 122

smoke inhalation

Back 122

damage to lungs in which particles from a fire coat the alveoli and prevent the normal exchange of gases

Front 123

sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS)

Back 123

sudden and unexplainable death of an apparently healthy sleeping infant between ages of 2-6 months

Front 124

bronchoscopy

Back 124

visual exam of bronchi using bronchoscope

Front 125

laryngoscopy

Back 125

visual exam of larynx and vocal cords using flexible or rigid laryngoscope inserted through the mouth

Front 126

peak flow meter

Back 126

inexpensive handheld device used to let patients with asthma measure air slowing out of lungs, revealing any narrowing of airways

Front 127

polysomnography

Back 127

sleep study. Measures physiological activity during sleep

Front 128

pulmonary function tests (PFT's)

Back 128

group of tests that measure volume and flow of air by using spirometer

Front 129

spirometer

Back 129

recording device that measures the amount of air inhaled or exhaled and legnth of time required for each breath

Front 130

pulse oximeter

Back 130

external monitor placed on patient's fingertip or earlobe to measure O saturation level in blood

Front 131

tuberculin skin testing

Back 131

screening test for tuberculosis in which skin of arm is injected with harmless antigen extracted from TB bacteria

Front 132

mantoux PPD skin test

Back 132

more accurate skin test for diagnosing tuberculosis

Front 133

antitussive

Back 133

commonly known as cough medicine

Front 134

bronchodilator

Back 134

medication that relaxes and expands bronchial passages into the lugs

Front 135

metered-dose inhaler (MDI)

Back 135

administers a specific amount of a medication such as bronchodialtor in aeorsol form

Front 136

nebulizer

Back 136

electronic device that pumps are or O through liquid medicine to turn it into a mist, which is then inhaled by the patient via a face mask or mouthpiece

Front 137

endotrachial intubation

Back 137

passage of tube through mouth into trachea to establish or maintain an open airway

Front 138

functionsal endoscopic sinus surgery

Back 138

procedure performed using endoscope in which chronic sinutstis is treated by enlarging the opening between the nose and sinus

Front 139

laryngectomy

Back 139

surgical removal of larynx

Front 140

laryngotomy

Back 140

surgical incision into larynx, performed when upper part of airway is obstructed

Front 141

septoplasty

Back 141

surgical repair or alteration of parts of nasal septum

Front 142

tracheostomy

Back 142

surgical creation of sotma into rachea to insert a temporary or permanent tube to facilitate breathing

Front 143

tracheotomy

Back 143

procedure in which incision is made into trachea to gain access to airway below a blockage

Front 144

pneumonectomy

Back 144

surgical removal of all or part of a lung

Front 145

lobectomy

Back 145

surgical removal of lobe of organ, usually lung, brain, liver

Front 146

wedge resection

Back 146

surgery in which a small wedge shaped piece of cancerous lung tissue is removed, along with margin of healthy tissue around the cancer

Front 147

thoracentesis

Back 147

surgical puncture of chest wall with needle to obtain fluid from pleural cavity

Front 148

thoracotomy

Back 148

surgical incision into chest walls to open the pleural cavity for biopsy or treament

Front 149

video-assisted thoracic surgery

Back 149

thoracoscope to view inside of plerual cavity through very small incisions

Front 150

diaphragmatic breathin

Back 150

abdominal breathing, relaxation technique used to relieve anxiety

Front 151

CPAP

Back 151

used to treat sleep apnea

Front 152

BiPAP

Back 152

like CPAP, can be set at higher pressure for inhaling and lower pressure for exhaling

Front 153

Ambu bag

Back 153

bag valve mask

Front 154

ventilator

Back 154

mechanical device for artificial respiration that is used to replace or supplement the patients natural breathing function

Front 155

supplemental oxygen

Back 155

when patient is unable to maintain an adequate oxygen saturation level in blood from breathing normal air.

Front 156

hyperbaric oxygen therapy

Back 156

breathing pure pxygen in special chamber that allows air pressure to be raised up to three times higher than normal