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185 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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ankylo
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crooked, bent, stiff
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arthto
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joint
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chondrio
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cartilage
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costo
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rib
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cranio
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skull
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desis
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to bind, tie together
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kypho
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bent, hump
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lordo
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cruve, sway back bent
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lysis
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loosening or setting free
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myelo
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spinal cord, bone marrow
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ossio
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bone
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scoli
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curved, bent
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spondyl
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vertebrae, vertebral column, backbone
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synovio
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synovial membrane, fluid
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Calcium
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required for normal nerve and muscle function
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ossificatoin
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when babys bones harden
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osteoclasts
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breakdown or old damaged bone
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osteoblasts
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help rebuild bone
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periosteum
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tough, fibrous tissue that forms outermost covering of bone
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compact bone/ cortical bone
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dense, hard, very strong bone; outer layer
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spongy bone
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lighter, red bone marrow produced
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medullary cavity
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central cavity located in the shaft of long bones where it is surrounded by compact bone. Red and Yellow bone marrow stored.
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endosteum
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tissue that lines medullary cavity
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red bone marrow
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located within spongy bone; hemopoietic tissue that manufactures red blood cells, hemoglobin, white blood cells, thrombocytes.
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hemopoitic
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pertaining to formation of blood cells
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yellow bone marrow
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fat storage areas. Composed of fat cells and located in medullary cavity of long bones
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cartilage
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smooth, rubbery, blue-white connective tissue that acts as shock absorber between bones. Also makes up flexible part of skeleton
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articular cartilage
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covers surfaces of bones where they come together to form joints. Makes smooth joint movement possible and protects bones from rubbing against each other.
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meniscus
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curved fibrous cartilage found in some joints, such as knee and tempromandibular joint of jaw
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disphysis
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shaft of long bone
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epiphyses
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wider ends of long bones such as femurs of legs
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foramen
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opening in bone through which blood vessels, nerves, ligaments pass
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process
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normal projection on surface of a bone that most commonly serves as attachment for muscle or tendon
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fibrous joints
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inflexible layers of dense connective tissue, hold bones tightly together.
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cartilaginous joints
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allow only slight movement and consist of bones connected entirely by cartilage
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synovial joint
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created where two bones articulare to permit a variety of motions
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synovial capsule
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outermost layer of strong fibrous tissue that resembles sleeve as . . surrounds joint
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synovial membrane
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lines capsule and secretes synovial fluid
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synovial fluid
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lows within synovial cavity; acts as lubricant to make smooth mov
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ligaments
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connects bone to bone
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bursa
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fibrous sac that acts as cushion to ease movement in areas that are subject to . . friction (shoulder, elbow, knee joints where tendon passes over bone)
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# of Bones in Human Body
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206
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axial skeletion
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protects major organs of nervous, respiratory, circulatory systems.
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5 Parts of Axial Skeletion
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Bones of skull +Ossicles (bones) of middle ear +hyoid bones, on throat between chin and thyroid +rib cage +Vertical Column
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Appendicular Skeleton
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makes body movement possible and protects organs of digestion, excretion, reproduction
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sutures
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bones are joined by jagged fibrous joints
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parietal bones
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2 of the largest bones in skull. most of roof and upper sides of cranium.
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frontal bone
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anterior portion of cranium that forms the forehead
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occupital bone
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forms back part of skull and base of cranium
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temporal bone
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sides and base of cranium
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external auditory meatus
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opening of external auditory canal of outer ear. Located within temporal bone on each side of skull.
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sphenoid bone
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base of skil. Makes contact with all other cranial bones and helps form base of cranium, sides of skull, floors and sides of eye socket
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ethmoid bone
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light, spongy bone located at roof and sides of nose. Separates nasal cavity from brain, forms portion of each orbit.
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auditory ossicles
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three tiny bones located in each middle ear. Bones are malleus, incus, stapes.
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zygomatic bones
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aka cheek bones, articulate with frontal bone that makes up the forehead.
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nasal bones
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upper part of bridge of the nose
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maxillary bones
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form most of the upper jaw.
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palatine bones
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form hard palate of mouth and floor of nose.
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lacrimal bones
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make up part of orbit at the inner angle
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inferior conchae
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forms base for the nasal septum.
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mandible
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jawbone; only movable bone of the skull. attached to skull at temporomandibular joint (TMJ).
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How Many pairs of ribs
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12
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true ribs |
first 7 pairs of ribs
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next three pairs
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false ribs; attach anteriorly to cartilage that connects them to sternum
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last two pairs of ribs
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floating ribs; only attached posteriorly to vert.
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sternum
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breast bone
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manubrium
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bony structure that forms upper portion of the sternum
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body of sternum
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bony structure that forms middle portion of sternum
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xiphoid process
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structure made of cartilage that forms lower portion of sternum
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pectoral girdle
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supports arms and hands
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clavicle
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collar bone
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scapula
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shoulder blade
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acromion
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high point of shoulder
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humerus
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upper arm
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radius
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forearm. Smaller and shorter. Thumb.
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ulna
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larger and longer
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olecranon process
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funny bone
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Spinal Column/Vertical Column # of vert.
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26
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lamina
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posterior portion of vertebra
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vertebral foramen
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opening in middle of vertebra. Allows spinal cord to pass through. Provides portection
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intervertebral disks
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made of cartilage; separate and cushion vertebrae from each other. Act as shock absorbers and allow for movement of spinal column.
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cervical vertebrae
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C1-C7 first set of 7 vertebrae, form the neck.
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thoracic vert.
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T1-T12; second set of 12 vertbrae. Have ribs attached
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lumbar vert.
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L1-L5; third set of 5 vertebrae; together form inward curve of lower spine. Largest and strongest of vertebrae. Bear most of body’s weight.
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sacrum
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slightly curved, triangular shaped bone near base of spine that forms lower portion of back. At birth, is 5 bones, fuse together to make 1
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coccyx
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tailbone, forms end of spine and is made up of 4 small vertebrae that are fused together.
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Pelvic Girdle
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protects internal organs and supports lower extremeties
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ilium
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broad blade-shaped bone that forms back and sides of pubic bone
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ischium
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forms lower posterior portion of pubic bone; bears weight when sitting
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sacroiliac
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slightly movable articulation between sacrum and posterior portion of ilium
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pubis
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anterior portion of pubic bone
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acetbulum
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hip socket
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pubic symphysis
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cartiligious joint that unites left and right pubic bones
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patella
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kneecap
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popliteal
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posterior space behind knee where ligaments, vessels, muscles are
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cruciate ligaments
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make possible for moevements of knee
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tarsal |
each ankle made of 7
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malleolus
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rounded bony porjection on tib/fib side of each ankle joint
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talus
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ankle bone
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calcaneus
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heel bone
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anklylosis
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loss/absence of motility in joint due to disease, injury, surgery
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arthrosclerosis
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stiffness of joints, elderly prone
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bursitis
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inflammation of bursa
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chondromalacia
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abnormal softening of cartilage
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chondroma
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slow-growing benign tumor derived from cartilage cells
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costochondritis
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inflammation of cartilage that connects rib to sternum
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hallux valgus
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bunion
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hemarthrosis
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blood within joint
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polymyalgia rheumatica
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geriatric inflammatatory disorder of muscles and joints. Characterized by pain and stiffness in neck, shoulders, upper arms, hips, thighs
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spondylosis
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loss of normal spinal structure and function
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synovitis
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inflammation of synovial membrane that results in swelling and pain of affected joint.
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dislocation
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total displacement of bone from joint
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subluxation
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partial displacement of bone from joint
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osteoarthritis
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wear and tear
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gouty arthritis
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gout characterized by deposits of uric acid in joints
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uric acid
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byproduct normally excreted in kidneys
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Rheumatoid (RA)
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chronic autoimmune disorder in which joints and some organs of body systems are attacked
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ankylosing spondylitis
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form of RA causes inflammation in joints between vert.
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herniated disk
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slipped/ruptured; brekaing apart of intervertebral disk that results pressure on spinal nerve roots
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lumbago
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low back pain
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spondylolisthesis
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forward slipping motion of body of one of lower lumbar vert.
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spina bifida
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cogenital defect that occurs during early pregnancy when spinal canal fails to close completely around spinal cord
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kyphosis
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abnormal increasue in outward curve of thoracic spine as viewed from the spine (humpback)
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lordosis
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abnormal increasue in forward curve of lumbar spine
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scoliosis
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abnormal lateral swerve of spine sideways
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craniostenosis
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malformation of skull due to premature closure of cranial sutures
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fibrous dysplasia
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bone disorder of unknown cause that destroys normal bone structure and replaces it with fibrous tissue. Leads to uneven growth, brittleness, deformity of affected bones.
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ostealgia
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pain in bone
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osteitis
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inflammation in bone
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osteomalacia
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adult ricketsl abnormal softening in bones
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osteomyelitis
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inflammation of bone marrow and adjacent bone
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Paget's Disease
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osteitis defromans; bone disease of unknown cause. excessive breakdown of bone tissue, abnormal bone function
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periostitis
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inflammation of periosteum
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rickets
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defective bone growth in children, not enough sunlight
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talipes
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clubfoot (involving talus)
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primary bone cancer
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relatively rare malignant tumor originiates in bone
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secondary bone cancer
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tumors that metastize from other organs such as breast and lungs
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myeloma
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type of cancer occurs in blood-making cells found in RBM
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osteochondroma
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benign bony projection covered with cartilage
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osteoporosis
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marked loss of bone density and increase in bone porosity that is with aging
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osteopenia
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thinner than average bone density
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compression fracture
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vert. crush fracture. Bone is folded over on itself
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colles' fracture
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fractured wrist
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osteoporotic hip fracture
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broken hip
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closed fracture
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simple fracture, complete fracture. bone broken, no open wound
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open fracture
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compund fracture. bone broken, open wound
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comminuted fracture
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bone is splintered or crushed
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greenstick fracture
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incomplete fracture. bone bent and partially broken
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oblique fracture
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angle or across bone
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pathologic fracture
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weekend bone breaks under normal strain. normally result of bone disease or cancer
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spiral fracture
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bone has been twisted apart
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stress fracture
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overuse injury
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transverse fracture
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straight across bone
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fat embolus
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long bone is fractured ad fat cells from YBM are released into blood steam
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crepitation
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grating sound heard when bones rub together
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callus
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bulging deposit around area of break
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arthroscopy
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visual exam of internal structure of joint
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bone marrow biopsy
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necessary after abnormal types or numbers of red/white blood cells using syringe to withdraw liquid bone marrow.
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magnetic resonance imaging
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MRI. soft tissue structures
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arthodesis
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surgical fusion of two bones to stiffen a joint.
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arthrolysis
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surgical loosening of ankylosed joint
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chondroplasty
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surgical repair of damaged cartilage
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synovectomy
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surgical removal of synovial membrane from joint
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viscosupplementations
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injections used to add prep. of hyaluronic acid and related compounds to a joint, easing fricion and making movement easier.
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arthroplasty
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surgical repair of damaged joint
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hip resurfacing
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alternative to removing head of femur. Fuction is restored to hip by placing metal cap over head of femur to allow it to move smoothly
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revision surgery
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replacement of worn or failed implant
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percutnaeous diskectomy
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treating herniated intervertebral disk
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percutnaeous vertebroplasty
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treat osteoporosis-related compression fractures
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laminectomy
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surgical removal of lamina or posterior portion of vertebra
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spinal fusion
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technique to immobilize part of spine by joining together two of more vert.
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craniectomy
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surgical removal of portion of skull.
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craniotomy
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surgical incision or opening into skull. Gain access to tumor, relieve pressure, obtain access for other procedures
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cranioplasty
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surgical repair of skull
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osteoclasis
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surgical fracture of a bone to correct deformity
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ostectomy
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surgical removal of bone
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osteoplasty
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surgical repair of bone or bones
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osteorrhaphy
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surgical suturing or wiring together of bones
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osteotomy
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surgical cutting of a bone
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periosteotomy
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incision through periosteum to the bone
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closed reduction
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attempted realignment of bone involved in fracture or joint dislocation
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open reduction
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when closed reduction is not practical
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traction
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pulling force exerted on limb in distal direction in an effort to return bone or joint to normal alignment
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external fixation
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fracture treatment procedure in which pins are placed through soft tissues and bone so external appliance can be used to hold peices of bone in place
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internal fixation (open reduction internal fixation)
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alternative to removing head of femur. Fuction is restored to hip by placing metal cap over head of femur to allow it to move smoothly
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