Medical Terminology Chapter 18

Front 1

What does the kidney secrete?

Back 1

erythropoietin, to stimulate RBC production

Front 2

what does the pineal gland secrete?

Back 2

melatonin, to regulate circadian rhythm, affect the brain and release gonadotropins

Front 3

what does the placenta secrete?

Back 3

chorionic gonadotropins to help sustain pregnancy

Front 4

Why does the skin produce vitamin D?

Back 4

to help absorb calcium

Front 5

What are the 3 things the GI tract secretes?

Back 5

1) gastrin
2) secretin
3) cholecystokinin

Front 6

What does the thymus secrete?

Back 6

thymosin to help w/ immune response

Front 7

What do protaglandins do?

Back 7

regulate many body functions

Front 8

What are the 3 main functions of the thyroid gland in the neck?

Back 8

1) synthesizes iodine from the diet
2) secretes thyroxine and triiodothyronine to maintain a normal metabolism level
3) Secretes calcitonin to decrease calcium levels in the blood

Front 9

Where are the parathyroid glands found?

Back 9

found in a pair on the posterior surface of either thyroid gland

Front 10

What is the main function of the parathyroid glands?

Back 10

to secrete parathyroid hormone to mobilize calcium from the bones into the circulatory system

Front 11

Where are the adrenal glands found?

Back 11

on top of each kidney

Front 12

What are the 2 main divisions of the adrenal glands and what does each division secrete?

Back 12

1) Medulla=secretes catecholamines: epinephrine (adrenaline) for sympathetic NS reaction. ALSO secrete norepinephrine

2) Adrenal cortex: secretes corticosteroids

Front 13

What are the 2 types of clucocorticosteroids?

Back 13

1) cortisol=increases cells' ability to make glucose out of fats and carbs

2) Cortisone=helps address inflammatory conditions

Front 14

What are the main kind of Mineralocorticoids and what does it do?

Back 14

1) Aldosterone=increases reabsorption of sodium and stimulates potassium excretion

Front 15

Where is the pancreas found and why is it unique?

Back 15

Found partially behind the stomach.
Unique because it's both an exocrine gland (secretes digestive enzymes) and an endocrine gland (think: the isles of Langerhans)

Front 16

What are the 2 hormones that the Isles of Langerhans in the pancreas secrete?

Back 16

1) insulin, which moves glucose into the cells for metabolism and stores excess blood glucose as glycogen.
2) Glucagon=pulls glycogen out of storage and converts it back into glucose

Front 17

Where is the pituitary gland found?

Back 17

base of the brain

Front 18

What are the 5 kinds of hormones that the anterior pituitary secretes?

Back 18

1) GH (Growth hormone)
2) TSH (thyroid stimulating hormone)
3) ACTH (adrenocorticotropic hormone)
4) Gonadotropic hormones like FSH and LH
5) MSH (melanocyte-stimulating hormone) (only when hypersecretion occurs)

Front 19

What are the 2 hormones that the Posterior pituitary gland secretes?

Back 19

1) Antidiuretic hormone-stimulates reabsorption of water by kidney
2) Oxytocin--stimulates the uterus to contract during labor

Front 20

What are the 2 hormones that the ovaries produce?

Back 20

1) estradiol
2) progesterone

Front 21

aden/o

Back 21

gland

Front 22

adren/o
adrenal/o

Back 22

adrenal glands

Front 23

gonad/o

Back 23

sex glands

Front 24

pancreat/o

Back 24

pancreas

Front 25

pituitar/o

Back 25

pituitary gland

Front 26

thyr/o
thyroid/o

Back 26

thyroid gland

Front 27

andr/o

Back 27

male

Front 28

calc/o

Back 28

calcium

Front 29

cortic/o

Back 29

cortex, outer region

Front 30

crin/o

Back 30

secrete

Front 31

dips/o

Back 31

thirst

Front 32

estro/o

Back 32

female

Front 33

gluc/o
glyc/o

Back 33

sugar

Front 34

home/o

Back 34

sameness

Front 35

hormon/o

Back 35

hormone

Front 36

insulin/o

Back 36

insulin

Front 37

kal/i

Back 37

potassium

Front 38

lact/o

Back 38

milk

Front 39

myx/o

Back 39

mucous

Front 40

natr/o

Back 40

sodium

Front 41

phys/o

Back 41

growing

Front 42

somat/o

Back 42

body

Front 43

ster/o

Back 43

solid structure

Front 44

toc/o

Back 44

childbirth

Front 45

toxic/o

Back 45

poison

Front 46

ur/o

Back 46

urine

Front 47

-agon

Back 47

assemble, gather together

Front 48

-emia

Back 48

blood condition

Front 49

-in, ine

Back 49

a substance

Front 50

-tropin

Back 50

stimulating the function of

Front 51

-uria

Back 51

urine condition

Front 52

eu-

Back 52

good, normal

Front 53

oxy-

Back 53

rapid, sharp, acid

Front 54

pan-

Back 54

all

Front 55

tetra-

Back 55

four

Front 56

Graves disease?

Back 56

thyroidtoxicosis

Front 57

Myxedema?

Back 57

hyperthyroidism in an adult

Front 58

cretinism?

Back 58

hyperthyroidism in a child

Front 59

adrenal viralism?

Back 59

excessive output of adrenal androgens?

Front 60

Cushing syndrome?

Back 60

group of symptoms produced by the adrenal cortex producing excess cortisol

Front 61

Addison's disease?

Back 61

hypofunctioning of the adrenal cortex

Front 62

Pheochromocytoma?

Back 62

benign tumor of the adrenal medulla

Front 63

Hyperinsulinism?

Back 63

excess secretion of insulin from the pancreas, resulting in hypoglycemia

Front 64

diabetes mellitus?

Back 64

type I, lack of insulin production

Front 65

acromegaly?

Back 65

enlargement of the extremeties caused by hypersecretion of the APituitary after puberty

(gigantism is the term for when it happens before puberty)

Front 66

Diabetes insipidus?

Back 66

insufficient secretion of antidiuretic hormone (CAREFUL)

Front 67

Exophthalmometry?

Back 67

measurement of eyeball protrusion