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21 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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pituitary gland, hypophysis cerebri
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approximately the size of a pea and located at the base of the brain. The pituitary is divided into two lobes
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anterior lobeor adenohypophysis*
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produces and secretes the following hormones
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Posterior lobeor neurohypophysis*
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stores and releases antidiuretic hormone and oxytocin
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antidiuretic hormone
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stimulates the kidney to reabsorb water
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oxytocin
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stimulates uterine cotnractions during labor and postpartum
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hypothalamus
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located near the pituitary gland in the brain. The hypothalamus secretes "releasing" hormone that functions to stimulate or inhibit the release of pituitary gland hormones
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thyroid gland
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largest endocrine gland. It is located in the neck below the larynx and comprises bilateral lobes connected by an isthmus. The thyroid gland secretes the hormones triiodothyronine (t3) and thyroxine (T4), which require iodine for their production. Thyroxine is necessary for body cell metabolism
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parathyroid glands
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four small bodies lying directly behind the thyroid. Parathormone, PTH, the hormone produced by the glands, helps maintain the level of a calcium in the blood
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adrenal glands, suprarenals
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paired glands, one of which is located above each kidney. The outer portion is called the adrenal cortex, and the inner portion is called the adrenal medulla. The following hormones are secreted by the adrenal glands:
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Cortisol
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secreted by the cortex. It aids the body during stress by increasing glucose levels to provide energy ( also called hyrdrocortizone)
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aldosterone
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secreted by the cortex. Electrolytes (mineral salts) that are necessary for normal body function are regulated by this hormone
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epinephrine (adrenaline, norepinephrine, noradrenaline)
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secreted by the medulla. These hormones help the body to deal with stress by increasing the blood pressure, heartbeat, and respirations
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aden/o, adren/o,adrenal/o
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gland
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hypercalcemia
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excessive calcium in the blood
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hyperkalemia
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excessive potassium (K) in the blood
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hypocalcemia
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deficient level of calcium in the blood
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hypokalemia
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deficient level of potassium in the blood
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hyponatremia
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deficient level of sodium in the blood
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Addison disease
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chronic syndrome resulting froma deficiency in the hormonal secretion of the adrenal cortex. Symptoms may include weakness, darkening of skin, loss of appetite, depression, and other emotional problems
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cushing syndrome
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group of symptoms attributed to the excessive production of cortisol by the adrenal cortices. This syndrome may be the result of a potuitary tumor. Symptoms influde abnormally pigmented skin, moon face, pads of fat on the chest and abdomen, buffalo hump fat on upper back and wasting away of muscles
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acute leukemia treatment
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AML --> AraC with danourubicin or idarubicin
ALL --> daunorubicin, vincristine and prednisone ALL->CNS relapse prophylaxis with intrathecal methotrexate add all-trans-retinoic acid in promyelocytic leukemia remission is removal of 99.9% of leukemic cells and elimination of blasts in peripheral blood |
