Med Term Chapter 15

Front 1

The muskuloskeletal system includes what 3 things?

Back 1

1) bones

2) joints=places where bones come together

3) muscles

Front 2

What's an orthopedist?

Back 2

A doctor (MD) that treats bone and joint disease

Front 3

Rheumotologist?

Back 3

Doctor who treats joint disease

Front 4

Osteopathic physicians?

Back 4

DO rather than MD

Front 5

chiropractor?

Back 5

Neither an MD nor a DO, cannot prescribe medication.

Front 6

Bone is composed chiefly of a connective tissue called what?

Back 6

Osseous tissue

Front 7

Osseous tissue is a combination of what 4 main things?

Back 7

1)Osteocytes (bone cells)--either osteoblasts of osteoclasts

2) Collagen

3) Calcium

4) Phosphorous

Front 8

_______ bones at birth fuse into _______ bones by adulthood

Back 8

350 -->206

Front 9

What is a periosteum?

Back 9

The dense connective tissue that covers a bone everywhere except for at surfaces of joints.

Front 10

What is the epiphyseal plate?

Back 10

the growth plate

Front 11

What is the metaphysis?

Back 11

the flared portion of the bone next to the epiphysis

Front 12

Diaphysis?

Back 12

The middle section/shaft of the bone

Front 13

Articular cartilage?

Back 13

covers the ends of bones that form joints

Front 14

Compact (cortical) bone?

Back 14

hard dense layer that lies under the periosteum that has a system of canals (Haversian canals) that contain blood vessels. Also contains yellow bone marrow that is mostly made of fat.

Front 15

Cancellous bone (spongy/trabecular bone)?

Back 15

the spongy, less dense, inner core of bone. More porous than compact bone and instead of having yellow bone marrow in the spaces, it has mineral trabeculae that are filled with red bone marrow.

Front 16

Trabeculae?

Back 16

The spongy latticework made of mineral matter that contains red bone matter and is found inside cancellous (spongy) bone.

Front 17

Bone processes?

Back 17

enlarged areas that extend out from the bone that provide attachment for muscles and tendons.

Examples:

tubercle, tuberosity, condyle

Front 18

Bone depressions?

Back 18

openings or hollow regions on a bone to help join one bone to another, serve as passageways for blood vessels/nerves, etc.
Examples:

fossa, foramen, fissure, sinus

Front 19

What are the 2 types of osteocytes (bone cells)?

Back 19

1) Osteoblasts: immature osteocytes

2) Osteoclasts: bone phagocytes

Front 20

What are the 6 Cranial Bones?

Back 20

Frontal, Parietal, Temporal, Occipital, Sphenoid, Ethmoid

Front 21

Sutures?

Back 21

non-moveable joints that connect the cranial bones together in adulthood

Front 22

What are the 6 Facial Bones?

Back 22

Nasal, Lacrimal, Maxillary, Mandibular, Zygomatic, Vomer

Front 23

How many actual vertebrae in the vertebral column?

Back 23

26

Front 24

Neural Canal?

Back 24

AKA The vertebral foramen--where the spinal cord passes through

Front 25

calc/o

calci/o

Back 25

calcium

Front 26

kyph/o

Back 26

humpback (refers to the type of vertebral abnormality)

Front 27

lamin/o

Back 27

lamina

Front 28

lord/o

Back 28

curve, swayback (refers to the vertebral condition)

Front 29

lumb/o

Back 29

loins, lower back

Front 30

myel/o

Back 30

bone marrow

Front 31

orth/o

Back 31

straight

Front 32

oste/o

Back 32

bone

Front 33

scoli/o

Back 33

crooked, bent (laterally). Refers to the spinal condition

Front 34

spondyl/o

vertebr/o

Back 34

vertebra

Front 35

-blast

Back 35

embryonic or immature cell

Front 36

-clast

Back 36

to break

Front 37

-lithesis

Back 37

slipping/to slip

Front 38

-malacia

Back 38

softening (think: osteomalacia, which means the bone is soft; it doesn't ossify/calcify; you can be born with it; most who do don't survive)

Front 39

-physis

Back 39

to grow

Front 40

-porosis

Back 40

pore, passage (think osteoporosis: the bones become porous from minerals leeching out and the bone becomes brittle)

Front 41

-tome

Back 41

instrument to cut

Front 42

acetabul/o

Back 42

hip socket (acetabulum)

Front 43

calcane/o

Back 43

calcaneous/heel bone

Front 44

carp/o

Back 44

carpus

Front 45

clavicul/o

Back 45

clavicle

Front 46

cost/o

Back 46

ribs

Front 47

crani/o

Back 47

skull

Front 48

femor/o

Back 48

femur/thigh bone

Front 49

fibul/o

perone/o

Back 49

fibula

Front 50

humer/o

Back 50

humerus/upper arm

Front 51

ili/o

Back 51

ilium

Front 52

ischi/o

Back 52

ischium

Front 53

malleol/o

Back 53

malleolus

Front 54

mandibul/o

Back 54

mandible/lower jaw

Front 55

maxill/o

Back 55

maxilla/upper jaw

Front 56

metacarp/o

Back 56

metacarpal

Front 57

metatars/o

Back 57

metatarsal

Front 58

olecran/o

Back 58

olecranon/elbow

Front 59

patell/o

Back 59

kneecap/patella

Front 60

pelvi/i

Back 60

pelvis

Front 61

phalang/o

Back 61

phalanges/fingers/toes

Front 62

pub/o

Back 62

pubis

Front 63

uln/o

Back 63

ulna