Med Term Chapter 14

Front 1

antagonistic

Back 1

acting in opposition; mutually opposing

Front 2

electrolyte

Back 2

mineral salt (sodium, potassium, and calcium) that carries an electrical charge in solution

Front 3

glucagon

Back 3

hormone produced by pancreatic alpha cells that stimulates that liver to change stored glycogen (a starch form of sugar) to glucose

Front 4

glucose

Back 4

simple sugar that is the end product of carbohydrate digestion

Front 5

insulin

Back 5

hormone produced by pancreatic beta cells that allows body cells to use glucose for energy or store it in the liver as glycogen

Front 6

sympathomimetic

Back 6

agent that mimics the effects of the sympathetic nervous system

Front 7

adren/o

Back 7

adrenal glands

Front 8

adrenal/o

Back 8

adrenal glands

Front 9

calc/o

Back 9

calcium

Front 10

crin/o

Back 10

secrete

Front 11

gluc/o

Back 11

sugar, sweetness

Front 12

glyc/o

Back 12

sugar, sweetness

Front 13

glycos/o

Back 13

sugar, sweetness

Front 14

home/o

Back 14

same, alike

Front 15

kal/i

Back 15

potassium (an electrolyte)

Front 16

pancreat/o

Back 16

pancreas

Front 17

parathyroid/o

Back 17

parathyroid glands

Front 18

thym/o

Back 18

thymus gland

Front 19

thyr/o

Back 19

thyroid gland

Front 20

thyroid/o

Back 20

thyroid gland

Front 21

toxic/o

Back 21

poison

Front 22

-crine

Back 22

secrete

Front 23

-dipsia

Back 23

thirst

Front 24

-gen

Back 24

forming, porducing, origin

Front 25

-toxic

Back 25

pertaining to poison

Front 26

-uria

Back 26

urine

Front 27

eu-

Back 27

good, normal

Front 28

exo-

Back 28

outside, outward

Front 29

hyper-

Back 29

excessive, above normal

Front 30

hypo-

Back 30

under, below

Front 31

poly-

Back 31

many, much

Front 32

acromegaly

Back 32

rare hormonal disorder in adulthood, usually caused by a GH- secreting pituitary tumor (adenoma) that promotes the soft tissue and bones of the face, hands, and feet to grow larger than normal

Front 33

diuresis

Back 33

increased formation and secretion of urine

Front 34

glycosuria

Back 34

abnormal amount of glucose in the urine

Front 35

Graves disease

Back 35

multisystem autoimmune disorder characterized by pronounced hyperthyroidism usually associated with enlarged thyroid gland (goiter) and exophthalmos (abnormal protrusion of the eyeball)

Front 36

hirsutism

Back 36

excessive distribution of body hair, especially in women

Front 37

hypercalcemia

Back 37

Condition in which the calcium level in the blood is higher than normal

Front 38

hyperkalemia

Back 38

condition in which the potassium level in the blood is higher than normal

Front 39

hypervolemia

Back 39

abnormal increase in the volume of blood plasma (liquid part of the blood and lymphatic fluid) in the body

Front 40

hyponatremia

Back 40

lower than normal level of sodium in the blood

Front 41

insulinoma

Back 41

tumor of the islets of Langerhans of the pancreas

Front 42

obesity

Back 42

excessive accumulation of fat that exceeds the body's skeletal and physical standards, usually an increase of 20 percent or more above ideal body weight

Front 43

morbid obesity

Back 43

body mass index (BMI) of 40 or greater, which is generally 100 or more pounds over ideal body weight

Front 44

panhypopituitarism

Back 44

total pituitary impairment that brings about a progressive and general loss of hormone activity

Front 45

pheochromocytoma

Back 45

small chromaffin cell tumor, usually located in the adrenal medulla, causing elevated heart rate and blood

Front 46

thyroid storm

Back 46

crisis of uncontrolled hyperthyroidism caused by the release into the bloodstream of an increased amount of thyroid hormone; also called thyroid crisis or thyrotoxic crisis

Front 47

virilism

Back 47

masculinization or development of male secondary sex characteristics in a woman

Front 48

exophthalmometry

Back 48

measures the degree of forward displacement of the eyeball (exophthalmos) as seen in Graves disease

Front 49

parathyroidectomy

Back 49

excision of one or more of the parathyroid glands, usually to control hyperparathyroidism

Front 50

transsphenoidal hypophysectomy

Back 50

endoscopic procedure to surgically remove a pituitary tumor through an incision in the sphenoid sinus (transsphenoidal) without disturbing brain tissue

Front 51

thymectomy

Back 51

excision of the thymus gland

Front 52

thyroidectomy

Back 52

excision of the entire thyroid gland (thyroidectomy), a part of it (subtotal thyroidectomy), or a single lobe (thyroid lobectomy)

Front 53

fasting blood sugar

Back 53

test that measures glucose levels in a blood sample following a fast of at least 8 hours

Front 54

glucose tolerance test (GTT)

Back 54

screening test in which a dose of glucose is administered and blood samples are taken afterward at regular intervals to determine how quickly glucose is cleared from the blood

Front 55

insulin tolerance test (ITT)

Back 55

diagnostic test in which insulin is injected into the vein to assess pituitary function, adrenal function, and to determine insulin sensitivity

Front 56

thyroid function test (TFT)

Back 56

test that detects an increase or decrease in thyroid function

Front 57

total calcium test

Back 57

test that measures calcium to detect bone and parathyroid disorders

Front 58

radioactive iodine uptake (RAIU)

Back 58

administration of a radioactive iodine (RAI) in pill or liquid form is used as a tracer to test how quickly the thyroid gland takes up (uptake) iodine from the blood

Front 59

thyroid scan

Back 59

images of the thyroid gland are obtained after oral or intravenous administration of a small dose of radioactive iodine

Front 60

antidiuretics

Back 60

reduce or control excretion of urine

Front 61

antithyroids

Back 61

treat hyperthyroidism by impeding the formation of T3 and TV hormone

Front 62

corticosteroids

Back 62

replace hormones lost in adrenal insufficiency (Addison disease)

Front 63

growth hormone replacements

Back 63

increase skeletal growth in children and growth hormone deficiencies in adults

Front 64

insulins

Back 64

lower blood glucose levels by promoting it's entrance into body cells and converting glucose to glycogen (a starch-storage form of glucose)

Front 65

oral antidiabetics

Back 65

treat type 2 diabetes mellow us by stimulating the pancreas to produce more insulin and decrease peripheral resistance to insulin

Front 66

thyroid supplements

Back 66

replace or supplement thyroid hormones

Front 67

ACTH

Back 67

adrenocorticotropic stimulating hormone

Front 68

ADH

Back 68

antidiuretic hormone (vasopressin)

Front 69

DI

Back 69

diabetes insipidus; diagnostic imaging

Front 70

DKA

Back 70

diabetic ketoacidosis

Front 71

DM

Back 71

diabetes mellitus

Front 72

FBS

Back 72

fasting blood sugar

Front 73

FSH

Back 73

follicle-stimulating hormone

Front 74

GH

Back 74

growth hormone

Front 75

GTT

Back 75

glucose tolerance test

Front 76

HRT

Back 76

hormone replacement therapy

Front 77

K

Back 77

potassium

Front 78

LH

Back 78

luteinizing hormone

Front 79

NPH

Back 79

neutral protamine Hagedorn (insulin)

Front 80

PRL

Back 80

prolactin

Front 81

PGH

Back 81

pituitary growth hormone

Front 82

PTH

Back 82

parathyroid hormone; also called parathormone

Front 83

RAI

Back 83

radioactive iodine uptake

Front 84

T3

Back 84

triiodothyronine (thyroid hormone)

Front 85

T4

Back 85

thyroxine (thyroid hormone)

Front 86

TFT

Back 86

thyroid function test

Front 87

TSH

Back 87

thyroid-stimulating hormone