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157 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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acr/o
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extremities
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aden/o
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gland
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adren/o
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adrenal glands
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adrenal/o
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adrenal glands
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andr/o
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male
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calc/o
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calcium
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crin/o
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secrete
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estr/o
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female
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glyc/o
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sugar
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glycos/o
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sugar
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gonad/o
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sex glands
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home/o
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sameness
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kal/i
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potassium
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natr/o
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sodium
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ophthalm/o
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eye
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pancreat/o
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pancreas
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parathyroid/o
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parathyroid gland
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pineal/o
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pineal gland
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pituitar/o
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pituitary gland
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somat/o
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body
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thym/o
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thymus gland
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thyr/o
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thyroid gland
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thyroid/o
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thyroid gland
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tox/o
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poison
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-crine
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to secrete
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-dipsia
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thirst
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-emia
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blood condition
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-tropin
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stimulate
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-uria
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urine condition
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cortisol
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regulates carbohydrate levels in the body
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aldosterone
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regulates electrolytes and fluid volume in body
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androgen, estrogen, progesterone
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responsible for reproduction and secondary sexual characteristics
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epinephrine(adrenaline)
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intensifies response during stress "fight or flight" response
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norepinephrine
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chiefly a vasoconstrictor
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estrogen
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stimulates development of secondary sex charachteristics in females; regulates menstrual cycle
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progetsterone
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prepares for conditions of pregnancy
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glucagon
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stimulates liver to release glucose into the blood
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insulin
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regulates and promotes entry of glucose into cells
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parathyroid hormone
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stimulates bone breakdown; regulates calcium level in the blood
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adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)
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regulates function of adrenal cortex
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follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)
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stimulates growth of eggs in female and sperm in males
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growth hormone (GH)
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stimulates growth of the body
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luteinizing hormone (LH)
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regulates function of male and female gonads and plays a role in releasing ova in females
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melanocyte-stimulating hormone (MSH)
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stimulates pigment in the skin
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prolactin
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stimulates milk production
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thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH)
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regulates function of thyroid gland
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antidiuretic hormone (ADH)
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stimulates reabsorption of water by the kidneys
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oxytocin
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stimulates uterine contractions and releases milk into ducts
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testosterone
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promotes sperm production and development of secondary sex characteristics in males
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thymosin
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promotes development of cells in immune system
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calcitonin
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stimulates deposition of calcium into bone
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thyroxine (T4)
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stimulates metabolism in cells
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triiodothyronine (T3)
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stimulates metabolism in cells
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adrenal cortex
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glucocorticoids (cortisol), mineralcorticoids (aldosterone), steroid sex hormones (adrogen, estrogen, progesterone)
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adrenal medulla
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epinephrine (adrenaline), norepinephrine
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ovaries
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estrogen, progesterone
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pancreas
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glucagon, insulin
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parathyroid glands
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parathyroid hormone
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pituitary anterior lobe
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ATCH, FSH, GH, LH, MSH,TSH, prolactin
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pituitary posterior lobe
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ADH, oxytocin
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testes
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testosterone
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thymus
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thymosin
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thyroid gland
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calcitonin, T3, T4
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adenoma
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gland tumor
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adrenomegaly
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enlarged adrenal gland
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adrenopathy
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adrenal gland disease
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adrenalectomy
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excision of adrenal glands
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adrenalitis
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inflammation of an adrenal glands
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adrogen
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male forming
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hypercalcemia
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excessive calcium in the blood
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hypocalcemia
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low calcium in the blood
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endocrinologist
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specialist in the endocrine system
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endocrinology
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study of the endocrine system
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endocrinopathy
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endocrine system disease
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estrogen
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female forming
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hyperglycemia
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excessive sugar in the blood
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hypoglycemia
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low sugar in the blood
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hyperkalemia
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excessive potassium in the blood
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hyponatremia
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low sodium in the blood
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parathyroidectomy
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excision of the parathyroid gland
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parathyroidoma
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parathyroid gland tumor
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thyromegaly
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enlarged thyroid
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thyrotoxicosis
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adnormal condition of poisoning by the thyroid
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thyroidectomy
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excision of the thyroid
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euthyroid
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normal thyroid
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hyperthyroidism
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state of excessive thyroid
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hypothyroidism
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state of low thyroid
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thyroidotomy
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incision into thyroid gland
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polydipsia
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many (excessive) thrist
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plyuria
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condition of (too) much urine
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glycosuria
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sugar in the urine
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edema
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condition in which the body tissue ccontains excessive amounts of fluid
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exophthalmos
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condition in which the eyeballs protrude
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gynecomastia
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the development of breast tissue in males, may be a symptom of adrenal feminization
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hirutism
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condition of having an excessive amount of hair, term generally used to describe females who have the adult male pattern of hair growth
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hypersecretion
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excessive hormone produciton of an endocrine gland
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hyposecretion
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deficient hormone production of an endocrine glad
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metabolism
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sum of all chemical and physical changes that take place in the body
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obesity
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having an abnormal amount of fat in the body
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syndrome
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group of symptoms and signs that, when combined, present a clinical picture of a disease or condition
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acidosis
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excessive acidity of body fluids due to the accumulation of acids
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acromegaly
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chronic disease of adults that result in an elongation and enlargement of the bones of the head and extremities
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addison's disease
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results from a deficiency in adrenocortical hormones, increased pigmentation of the skin, generalized weakness, and weight loss
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adenocarcinoma
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a cancerous tumor in a gland that is capable of producing the hormones secreted by that gland
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adrenal feminization
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development of female secondary sexual characteristics in a male, increase estrogen secretion
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adrenal virilism
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development of male secondary sexual characteristics in a female, increasedandrogen secretion
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cretinism
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congenital condition in which a lack of thyroid may result in arrested physical and mental development
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cushing's syndrome
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set of symptoms that result from hypersecretion of the adrenal cortex, possible tumor of the adrenal glands, weakness, edema, excess hair growth, skin discoloration, and asteoporosis
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diabetes insipidus (DI)
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disorder caused by the inadequate secretion of a hormone by the posterior lobe of the pituitary glad, polyuria, polydipsia
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diabetes mellitus (DM)
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chronic disorder of carbohydrate metabolism that results in hyperglycemia and glycosuria
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type 1
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insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM)
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type 2
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non-insulin-dependents diabetes mellitus (NIDDM)
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diabetic retinopathy
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secondary compication of diabetes that affects the blood vessels of the retina, resulting in visual changes and even blindness
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dwarfism
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condition of being abnormally short in height, hereditary condition or a lack of growth hormone
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gigantism
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excessive development of the body due to the overproduction of growth hormone by the pituitary gland in a child or teenager
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goiter
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enlargement of the thyroid gland
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graves' disease
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condition that results ing overactivity of the thyroid gland and can cause a crisis situation, hyperthyroidism
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hasimoto's disease
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chronic form of thyroiditis
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hyperthyroidism
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condition that results from overactivity of the thyroid gland and can cause a crisis situation, graves' disease
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hypothyroidism
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result of a deficiency in secretion by the thyroid gland, lowered basal metabolism rate with obesity, dry skin, slow pulse, low blood pressure, sluggishness, and goiter
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insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus
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type 1, develops early in life when the pancreas stops insulin production
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insulinoma
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tumor of the islets of langerhans cells of the pancreas that secretes an excessive amount of insulin
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katoacidosis
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acidosis due to an excess of acidic ketone bodies (waste products), serious condition requiring immediate treatment that can result in deathe for the diabetic patient if not reveresed
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myxedema
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condition resulting from a hypofunction of the thyroid gland, anemia, slow speech, enlarged tongue and facial features, edematous skin, drowsiness, and mental apathy
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non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus
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type 2, develops later in life when the pancreas produces insufficient insulin
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panhypopituitarinism
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dificiency in all the hormones secreted by the pituitary gland
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peripheral neuropathy
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damage to the nerves in the lower legs and hands as a result of diabetes mellitus, extreme sensitivity or numbness and tingling
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pheochromocytoma
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usually benign tumor of the adrenal medulla that secretes epinephrine, anxiety, heart palpitations, dyspnea, profuse sweating, headache, nausea
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tetany
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painful muscle cramps that result from hypocalcemia
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thyrotoxcosis
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condition that results from overproduction of the thyroid gland, rapid heart action, tremors, enlarged thyroid gland, exophthalmos, weight loss
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von recklinghausen's disease
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excessive production of parathyroid hormone, degeneration of the bones
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basal metabolic rate (BMR)
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somewhat outdated test to measure the enery used when the body is in a state of rest
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blood serum test
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blood test to measure the level of substances such as calcium, electrolytes, testosterone, inslin, ad glucose, determines function of many edocrine glands
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glucose tolerance test (GTT)
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blood test to measure the amounts of sugar circulation throughout the body after a 12hour fast
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protein-bound iodine test (PBI)
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blood test to measure te concentration of thyroxine (T4) circulationg in the bloodstream, est. thyroid function
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radioactive iodine uptake test(RAIU)
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radioctive iodine is taken, measure the amount that is eventually taken into the thyroid gland to determin function
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radioimmunoassay (RIA)
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measure the levels of hormones in the plasma of the blood
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serum glucose tests
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assist in determining insulin levels and useful for adjusting medication dosage
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thyroid echogram
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ultrasound examination of the thyroid that can assist in distinguishing a thyroid nodule from a cyst
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thyroid function test (TFT)
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blood test that measures the levels of T3, T4, TSH to determine thyroid function
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thyroid scan
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radioactive iodine is administered that localizes in thyroid, used to detect tumors
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total calcium
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blood test to measure the total amount of calcium to assist in deteting parathyroid and bone disorders
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two-hour postprandial glucose tolerance test
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blood test to assist in evaluating glucose metabolism
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chemical thyroidectomy
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large dose of radioactive iodine is given in order to kill thyroid gland cells wihout having to actually do surgery
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laparoscopic adrenaetomy
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excision of the adrenal gland through a small incision in the abdomen and using endoscopic instruments
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lobectomy
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excision of ony one lobe of the thyroid gland
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paratyroidectomy
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excision of one or more of te parathyroid glands
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thymectomy
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removal of the thymus gland
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throidectomy
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removal of the entire thyroid or a portion to treat a variety of conditions, including nodes, cancer, and hyperthyroidism
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thyroparathyroidectomy
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surgical removal (excision) of the thyroid and parathyroid glands
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corticosteroids
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regulate carbohydrate metabolism, strong anti-inflammatory action
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epinephrine
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used to constrict blood vessels and block severe allergic reactions
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human growth hormone therapy
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stimulate skeletal growth
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insulin
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replace insulin for type 1 diabetes or to treat severe type 2 diabetes
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oral hypoglycemic agents
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cause a decrease in blood sugar
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thyroid replacement hormone
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given to replace thyroid in patients with hypothyroidism or who have had a thyroidectomy
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vasopressin
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control diabetes insipidus and promote reabsorption of water in the kidney tubules
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