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245 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Adam's apple |
thyroid cartilage, supportive structure of the larynx; larger in males than in females |
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adenoids |
collection of lymphoid tissue in the nasopharynx; pharyngeal tonsils |
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alveolus |
air sac at the end of each bronchiole |
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apex |
topmost section of the lung |
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base |
bottom section of the lung |
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bronchiole |
fine subdivision of the bronchi made of smooth muscle and elastic fibers |
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bronchus |
one of the two airways from the trachea to the lungs |
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cilia |
hairlike extensions of a cell's surface that usually provide some protection by sweeping foreign particles away |
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diaphragm |
membranous muscle between the abdominal and thoracic cavities that contracts and relaxes during the respiratory cycle |
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epiglottis |
cartilaginous flap that covers the larynx during swallowing to prevent food from entering the airway |
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exhalation |
breathing out |
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expiration |
exhalation |
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external nares |
nostrils |
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external respiration |
exchange of air between the body and the outside environment |
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glottis |
part of the larynx consisting of the vocal folds of mucous membrane and muscle |
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hilum |
midsection of the lung where the nerves and vessels enter and exit |
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hypopharynx |
laryngopharynx |
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inferior lobe |
bottom lobe of the lung |
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inhalation |
breathing in |
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inspiration |
inhalation |
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intercostal muscles |
muscles between the ribs |
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internal respiration |
exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide between the cells |
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laryngopharynx |
part of the pharynx below and behind the larynx |
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larynx |
organ of voice production in the respiratory tract, between the pharynx and the trachea; voice box |
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lung |
one of two organs of respiration in the thoracic cavity, where oxygenation of blood takes place |
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mediastinum |
median portion of the thoracic cavity; septum between two areas of an organ or cavity |
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middle lobe |
middle section of the right lung |
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nasal cavity |
opening in the external nose where air enters the body |
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nasal septum |
cartilaginous division of the external nose |
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nasopharynx |
portion of the throat above the soft palate |
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nose |
external structure supported by nasal bones and containing nasal cavity |
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nostrils |
external openings at the base of the nose; also called external nares |
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oropharynx |
back portion of the mouth, a division of the pharynx |
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palatine tonsils |
lymphatic tissue that works as part of the immune system |
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paranasal sinuses |
area of the nasal cavity where external air is warmed by blood in the mucous membrane lining |
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parietal pleura |
outer layer of the pleura |
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pharyngeal tonsils |
adenoids |
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pharynx |
passageway at back of mouth for air and food; throat |
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pleura |
double layer of membrane making up the outside of the lungs |
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pleural cavity |
space between the two pleura |
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respiratory system |
the body's system for breathing |
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respiratory tract |
passageways through which air moves into and out of the lungs |
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septum |
cartilaginous division, as in the nose or mediastinum |
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soft palate |
flexible muscular sheet that separates the nasopharynx from the rest of the pharynx |
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superior lobe |
topmost lobe of each lung |
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thorax |
chest cavity |
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throat |
pharynx |
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thyroid cartilage |
Adam's apple |
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trachea |
airway from the larynx into the bronchi; windpipe |
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visceral pleura |
inner layer of the pleura |
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vocal cords |
strips of epithelial tissue that vibrate and play a major role in the production of sound |
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voice box |
larynx |
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windpipe |
trachea |
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adenoid(o) |
adenoid, gland |
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alveol(o) |
alveolus |
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bronch(o), bronchi(o) |
bronchus |
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bronchiol(o) |
bronchiole |
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capn(o) |
carbon dioxide |
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epiglott(o) |
epiglottis |
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laryng(o) |
larynx |
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lob(o) |
lobe of the lung |
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mediastin(o) |
mediastinum |
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nas(o) |
nose |
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or(o) |
mouth |
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ox(o), oxi-, oxy |
oxygen |
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pharyng(o) |
pharynx |
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phon(o) |
voice, sound |
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phren(o) |
diaphragm |
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pleur(o) |
pleura |
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pneum(o), pneumon(o) |
air, lung |
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rhin(o) |
nose |
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spir(o) |
breathing |
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steth(o) |
chest |
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thorac(o) |
thorax, chest |
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tonsill(o) |
tonsils |
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trache(o) |
trachea |
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ABG |
arterial blood gases, a diagnostic test |
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AFB |
acid-fast bacillus (caused TB) |
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A&P |
auscultation and percussion |
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AP |
anteroposterior |
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ARD |
acute respiratory disease |
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ARDS |
adult respiratory distress syndrome |
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ARF |
acute respiratory failure |
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BS |
breath sounds |
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COLD |
chronic obstructive lung disease |
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COPD |
chronic obstructive pulmonary disease |
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CPR |
cardiopulmonary resuscitation |
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DPT |
diptheria, pertussis, tetanus (combined vaccination) |
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ENT |
ear, nose and throat |
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ET tube |
endotracheal intubation tube |
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FEF |
forced expiratory flow |
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FEV |
forced expiratory volume |
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FVC |
forced vital capacity |
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HBOT |
hyperbaric oxygen therapy |
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IMV |
intermittent mandatory ventilation |
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IPPB |
intermittent positive pressure breathing |
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IRDS |
infant respiratory distress syndrome |
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IRV |
inspiratory reserve volume |
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CTA |
clear to auscultation |
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CXR |
chest x-ray |
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DOE |
dyspnea on exertion |
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MDI |
metered dose inhaler |
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PA |
posteroanterior |
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PCP |
pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (a type of pneumonia to which AIDS patients are susceptible) |
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PEEP |
positive end expiratory pressure |
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PFT |
pulmonary function tests |
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PND |
paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea; postnasal drip |
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RD |
respiratory disease |
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RDS |
respiratory distress syndrome |
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RLL |
right lower lobe (of the lungs) |
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RUL |
right upper lobe (of the lungs) |
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LLL |
left lower lobe (of the lungs) |
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LUL |
left upper lobe (of the lungs) |
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MBC |
maximal breathing capacity |
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SARS |
severe acute respiratory syndrome |
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SIDS |
sudden infant death syndrome |
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SOB |
shortness of breath |
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T&A |
tonsillectomy and adenoidectomy |
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TB |
tuberculosis |
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TLC |
total lung capacity |
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TPR |
temperature, pulse, and respirations |
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URI |
upper respiratory infection |
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VC |
vital capacity |
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V/Q scan |
ventilation/perfusion scan |
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arterial blood gases |
laboratory test that measures the levels of oxygen and carbon dioxide in arterial blood |
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auscultation |
listening to internal sounds with a stethoscope |
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bronchial alveolar lavage |
retrieval of fluid for examination through a bronchoscope |
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bronchial brushing |
retrieval of material for biopsy by insertion of a brush through a bronchoscope |
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bronchography |
radiological picture of the trachea and bronchus |
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bronchoscope |
device used to examine airways |
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endoscope |
tube used to view a body cavity |
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laryngoscopy |
visual examination of the mouth and larynx using an endoscope |
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mediastinoscopy |
visual examination of the mediastinum and all the organs within it using an endoscope |
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nasopharyngoscopy |
examination of the nasal passages and the pharynx using an endoscope |
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peak flow meter |
device for measuring breathing capacity |
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percussion |
tapping on the surface of the body to see if lungs are clear |
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pulmonary function tests |
tests that measure the mechanics of breathing |
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spirometer |
testing machine that measures the lungs' volume and capacity |
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sputum sample or culture |
culture of material that is expectorated (or brought back up as mucus) |
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sweat test |
test for cystic fibrosis that measures the amount of salt in sweat |
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throat culture |
test for streptococcal or other infections in which a swab taken on the surface of the throat is placed in a culture to see if certain bacteria grow |
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adenoiditis |
inflammation of the adenoids |
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anthracosis |
lung disease caused by long-term inhalation of coal dust; black lung disease |
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apnea |
cessation of breathing |
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asbestosis |
lung disorder caused by long-term inhalation of asbestos (as in construction work) |
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asthma |
chronic condition with obstruction or narrowing of the bronchial airways |
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atelectasis |
collapse of a lung or part of a lung |
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bacilli |
a type of bacteria |
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black lung |
anthracosis |
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bradypnea |
abnormally slow breathing |
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bronchitis |
inflammation of the bronchi |
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bronchospasm |
sudden contraction in the bronchi that causes coughing |
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Cheyne-Stokes respiration |
irregular breathing pattern with a period of apnea followed by deep labored breathing that becomes shallow then apneic |
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chronic bronchitis |
recurring or long-lasting bouts of bronchitis |
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chronic obstructive pulmonary disease |
disease of the bronchial tubes or lungs with chronic obstruction |
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crackles |
popping sounds heard in lung collapse or other conditions; rales |
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croup |
acute respiratory syndrome in children or infants accompanied by seal-like coughing |
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cystic fibrosis |
disease that causes chronic airway obstruction and also affects the bronchial tubes |
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diphtheria |
acute infection of the throat and upper respiratory tract caused by bacteria |
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dysphonia |
hoarseness usually caused by laryngitis |
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dyspnea |
difficult breathing |
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emphysema |
chronic condition of hyperinflation of the air sacs; often caused by prolonged smoking |
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empyema |
pus in the pleural cavity |
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epiglottitis |
inflammation of the epiglottis |
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epistaxis |
bleeding from the nose, usually caused by trauma or a sudden rupture of the blood vessels of the nose |
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eupnea |
normal breathing |
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hemoptysis |
lung or bronchial hemorrhage resulting in the spitting of blood |
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hemothorax |
blood in the pleural cavity |
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hypercapnia |
excessive buildup of carbon dioxide in the lungs, usually associated with hypoventilation |
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hyperpnea |
abnormally deep breathing |
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hyperventilation |
abnormally fast breathing in and out, often associated with anxiety |
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hypopnea |
shallow breathing |
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hypoventilation |
abnormally low movement of air in and out of the lungs |
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hypoxemia |
deficient amount of oxygen in the blood |
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hypoxia |
deficient amount of oxygen in the tissues |
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laryngitis |
inflammation of the larynx |
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laryngospasm |
sudden contraction of the larynx, which may cause coughing and may restrict breathing |
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laryngotracheobronchitis |
inflammation of the larynx, trachea, and bronchi |
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mesothelioma |
rare cancer of the lungs associated with asbestos |
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nasopharyngitis |
inflammation of the nose and pharynx |
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nosebleed |
epistaxis |
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orthopnea |
difficulty in breathing, especially while lying down |
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pansinusitis |
inflammation of all the sinuses |
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paroxysmal |
sudden, as a spasm or convulsion |
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pertussis |
severe infection of the pharynx, larynx, and trachea caused by bacteria; whooping cough |
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pharyngitis |
inflammation of the pharynx; sore throat |
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pleural effusion |
escape of fluid into the pleural cavity |
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pleuritis, pleurisy |
inflammation of the pleura |
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pneumoconiosis |
lung condition caused by inhaling dust |
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pneumonia |
acute infection of the alveoli |
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pneumonitis |
inflammation of the lung |
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pneumothorax |
accumulation of air or gas in the pleural cavity |
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pulmonary abscess |
large collection of pus in the lungs |
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pulmonary edema |
fluid in the air sacs and bronchioles usually caused by failure of the heart to pump enough blood to and from lungs |
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rales |
crackles |
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rhinitis |
nasal inflammation |
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rhinorrhea |
nasal discharge |
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rhonchi |
wheezes |
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silicosis |
lung condition caused by silica dust from grinding rocks or glass or other materials used in manufacturing |
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singultus |
hiccuping |
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sinusitis |
inflammation of the sinuses |
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stridor |
high-pitched crowing sound heard in certain respiratory conditions |
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tachypnea |
abnormally fast breathing |
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tonsillitis |
inflammation of the tonsils |
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tracheitis |
inflammation of the trachea |
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tuberculosis |
acute infectious disease caused by bacteria called bacilli |
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upper respiratory infection |
infection of all or part of upper portion of the respiratory tract |
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wheezes |
whistling sounds heard on inspiration in certain breathing disorders, especially asthma |
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whooping cough |
pertussis |
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adenoidectomy |
removal of the adenoids |
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bronchoplasty |
surgical repair of a bronchus |
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endotracheal intubation (ET) |
insertion of a tube through the nose or mouth, pharynx, and larynx, and into the trachea to establish an airway |
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laryngectomy |
removal of the larynx |
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laryngocentesis |
surgical puncture of the larynx |
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laryngoplasty |
repair of the larynx |
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laryngostomy |
creation of an artificial opening in the larynx |
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laryngotracheotomy |
incision into the larynx and the trachea |
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lobectomy |
removal of one of the lobes of a lung |
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otorhinolaryngologist |
medical doctor who diagnoses and treats disorders of the ear, nose, and throat |
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pleurocentesis |
surgical puncture of pleural space |
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pleuropexy |
fixing in place of the pleura surgically, usually in case of injury or deterioration |
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pneumobronchotomy |
incision of the lung and bronchus |
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pneumonectomy |
removal of a lung |
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rhinoplasty |
surgical repair of the bones of the nose |
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septoplasty |
surgical repair of the nasal septum |
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septostomy |
creation of an opening in the nasal septum |
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sinusotomy |
incision of a sinus |
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thoracic surgeon |
surgeon who specializes in surgery of the thorax |
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thoracocentesis |
surgical puncture of the chest cavity |
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thoracostomy |
establishment of an opening in the chest cavity |
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thoracotomy |
incision into the chest cavity |
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tonsillectomy |
removal of the tonsils |
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tracheoplasty |
repair of the trachea |
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tracheostomy |
creation of an artificial opening in the trachea |
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tracheotomy |
incision into the trachea |
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antitussives |
codeine, dextromethorphan, diphenhydramine Benylin, Pertussin, Robitussin, Allermax, Benadryl |
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bronchodilators |
albuterol, ephedrine, epinephrine, terbutaline, omalizumab, theophylline Ventolin, Proventil, Bronkaid, Primatene, Bronkaid Mist, Primatene Mist, Brethaire, Brethine, Xolair, Theo-Dur, Slo-Bid |
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decongestants |
pseudoephedrine, xylometazoline Drixoral, Sudafed, Otrivin |
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expectorants |
guaifenesin Humibid, Robitussin |
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antitussives |
agents that control coughing |
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bronchodilators |
agents that dilate the walls of the bronchi |
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decongestants |
agents that relieve mucus congestion of the upper respiratory tract |
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expectorants |
agents that promote the coughing and expelling of mucus |
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nebulizers |
devices that deliver medication through the nose or mouth in a fine spray to the respiratory tract |
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ventilators |
mechanical breathing devices |
